Ultimate Sampling Methods Quiz !!!! (Psychology)

Stratified sampling involves dividing the population into different subgroups or strata based on certain characteristics, such as age, gender, or income level. The goal is to ensure that each subgroup is represented in the sample in the same proportion as it exists in the population. By selecting participants from each category in the same proportions as they are in the population, stratified sampling helps to ensure that the sample is representative and reduces the risk of bias. This method is often used when certain subgroups are expected to have different characteristics or when the researcher wants to compare results across different subgroups.

The correct answer is Random. Random sampling involves identifying everyone in the target population and then selecting the number of participants needed in a way that gives everyone in the population an equal chance of being picked. This ensures that the sample is representative of the population and reduces bias.

Opportunity sampling is the most commonly used sampling technique in psychology, where the sample is selected from individuals who are readily available at the time of the study. This method is easy to implement as it does not require extensive planning or random selection. However, it may introduce bias as the sample may not be representative of the entire population. Therefore, while opportunity sampling has its advantages in terms of convenience, researchers should be cautious about generalizing the findings to the larger population.

The psychologist has used self-select sampling because individuals have voluntarily chosen to participate in the psychological test advertised in the paper. This means that the participants have actively selected themselves to be part of the study, rather than being randomly or systematically selected by the psychologist.

Snowball sampling is a method commonly used to gather information from individuals who are difficult to reach or locate, such as drug addicts or homeless people. This technique involves identifying a small number of initial participants who fit the desired criteria and then asking them to refer other individuals who also meet the criteria. This process continues, like a snowball rolling down a hill, with each referral leading to more participants. Snowball sampling allows researchers to access populations that may be hidden or marginalized, making it an effective method for studying hard-to-reach groups.

Random sampling is the best technique for providing an unbiased representative sample of a target population because it ensures that every individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected. This helps to eliminate any potential bias and ensures that the sample accurately represents the larger population. However, random sampling can be very time consuming and costly because it requires identifying and reaching out to a large number of individuals in order to obtain a representative sample.

Opportunity sampling refers to selecting individuals who are readily available and willing to participate in a study. The downfall of this sampling method is that it may result in a biased sample, as individuals from the same social group or with similar characteristics are more likely to be encountered and chosen. Therefore, the members of the study may have the same standard of education, limiting the generalizability of the findings to a broader population.

Milgram used self-select sampling, which means that participants voluntarily chose to participate in his experiments. This type of sampling is often used in psychological studies where researchers rely on individuals who are willing to participate and meet certain criteria. Self-select sampling can introduce biases as it may attract individuals who are more interested or motivated to participate, potentially affecting the generalizability of the findings.

The correct answer is 4 because the question asks how many letter S's are there in all of the sampling methods. By carefully counting the letter S's in the phrase "sampling methods," we can see that there are a total of four S's.