Intro To Sociology Test 1
(65).jpg "Intro To Sociology Test 1 - Quiz")
Test 1 participant observation, in-depth interviewing Experiments control and observe specific variables in a highly controlled environment Life histories individual biography Comparative research comparing difference of a subject across social contexts Documentary research government statistics, newspapers, journals etc.
- 1.
What is the Global Prespective?
- A.
Views society as the product of the symbols, language, and everyday interactions between individuals
- B.
Structured groups or contexts within which significant processes of socialization occur
- C.
The study of the larger world and our societies place in it
- D.
The systematic study of how human societies shape the lives of people who live in them
Correct Answer
C. The study of the larger world and our societies place in itExplanation
The correct answer is "the study of the larger world and our societies place in it." This answer suggests that the global perspective involves examining and understanding the broader context of the world and how societies fit into it. It implies that it involves studying the interactions, dynamics, and influences between different societies and the impact they have on individuals and communities.Rate this question:
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- 2.
What is gender socialization?
- A.
A method that is useful for gathering less detailed information from a larger group.
- B.
Rewards and punishments that can be given by most members of a group
- C.
Refers to the process of self development through which we formulate a unique sense of ourselves and our relationship to the world around us
- D.
The learning of gender roles begins at birth
Correct Answer
D. The learning of gender roles begins at birthExplanation
The correct answer is "the learning of gender roles begins at birth." Gender socialization refers to the process through which individuals learn and internalize the norms, values, and behaviors associated with their gender. It starts from a very young age, as soon as a child is born, and continues throughout their life. Children learn what is considered appropriate behavior, interests, and roles for their gender through various socializing agents such as family, peers, media, and education. This process plays a significant role in shaping individuals' understanding of themselves and their place in society based on their gender.Rate this question:
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- 3.
What is Capitalism?
- A.
Is the values, beliefs, behavior, and material objects that, together, form a people’s way of life
- B.
Is the economic system that is directed at earning a profit for a few, selling the profits to many people, and keeping workers wages low in order to increase profits
- C.
Social cohesion (unity) results from the various parts of society functioning as parts of society functioning as an integrated whole.
- D.
A theory that uses the concept of gender, class, and race to study and challenge power and inequality
Correct Answer
B. Is the economic system that is directed at earning a profit for a few, selling the profits to many people, and keeping workers wages low in order to increase profitsExplanation
Capitalism is an economic system where the primary goal is to generate profits for a small group of individuals, who then sell these profits to a larger population. In order to maximize profits, capitalism often involves keeping workers' wages low. This economic system is characterized by private ownership of production and a free market where supply and demand determine prices.Rate this question:
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- 4.
What is Ethnocentrism?
- A.
The practice of judging another culture by the standards of ones own culture
- B.
The dominance of European (especially English) cultural patterns the way we view the world is socially constructed
- C.
Are the guidelines we claim to accept
- D.
Culturally defined standards by which people asses desirability, goodness, and beauty and that serve as broad guidelines for social living
Correct Answer
A. The practice of judging another culture by the standards of ones own cultureExplanation
Ethnocentrism refers to the practice of evaluating and judging another culture based on the standards and values of one's own culture. This means that individuals tend to view their own culture as superior and believe that their cultural norms and practices are the correct and ideal ones. Ethnocentrism often leads to a biased and limited perspective, as it disregards the uniqueness and diversity of other cultures. It can result in misunderstandings, stereotypes, and even conflicts between different cultural groups.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What are the types of culture?
- A.
Relationship-focused cultures
- B.
Social Groups, Arts, and Government
- C.
Organizational culture
- D.
Material culture and Non-Material culture
Correct Answer
D. Material culture and Non-Material cultureExplanation
The correct answer is Material culture and Non-Material culture. This is because culture can be categorized into two main types: material culture and non-material culture. Material culture refers to the physical objects, artifacts, and tangible aspects of a culture, such as clothing, tools, and architecture. Non-material culture, on the other hand, includes the intangible aspects of a culture, such as beliefs, values, customs, and language. Both material and non-material culture play a crucial role in shaping and defining a society's way of life and identity.Rate this question:
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- 6.
What is a folkways?
- A.
Are formally defined and are enforced by designated people
- B.
Norms for routine or casual interaction. “Everyday behaviors.”
- C.
Specific statements that people hold to be true or false
- D.
Have great moral significance. “taboos"
Correct Answer
B. Norms for routine or casual interaction. “Everyday behaviors.”Explanation
Folkways are norms for routine or casual interaction, also known as "everyday behaviors." These are the commonly accepted social practices that guide our daily lives and interactions with others. Unlike formal norms, folkways are not formally defined or enforced by designated people. They are more informal and are typically followed out of habit or tradition rather than strict rules or consequences.Rate this question:
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- 7.
What is Society?
- A.
Refers to people who interact in a defined territory and share a culture
- B.
Is the values, beliefs, behavior, and material objects that, together, form a people’s way of life
- C.
Social cohesion (unity) results from the various parts of society functioning as parts of society functioning as an integrated whole.
- D.
Culturally defined standards by which people asses desirability, goodness, and beauty and that serve as broad guidelines for social living
Correct Answer
A. Refers to people who interact in a defined territory and share a cultureExplanation
Society refers to a group of people who interact with each other within a specific territory and share a common culture. This means that individuals within a society have social relationships and connections with one another, and they also have a set of shared beliefs, values, behaviors, and material objects that collectively shape their way of life. Society functions as an integrated whole, with social cohesion being the result of different parts of society working together. Additionally, society establishes culturally defined standards that serve as broad guidelines for social living, determining what is considered desirable, good, and beautiful.Rate this question:
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- 8.
What is Documentary research ?
- A.
Participant observation, in-depth interviewing
- B.
Individual biography
- C.
Government statistics, newspapers, journals etc.
- D.
Comparing difference of a subject across social contexts
Correct Answer
C. Government statistics, newspapers, journals etc.Explanation
Documentary research refers to the method of gathering information and data from various written sources such as government statistics, newspapers, journals, and other similar documents. This type of research involves analyzing and interpreting existing records and documents to gain insights and understanding about a particular subject or topic. It is a valuable research approach as it allows researchers to access a wide range of information that has already been collected and documented by others, providing a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Peer groups free children from adult supervision and take on great significance during adolescence
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
During adolescence, peer groups become more influential as teenagers seek independence from adult supervision. Peer groups provide a sense of belonging and acceptance, allowing adolescents to explore their identity and make decisions outside of adult influence. They often serve as a source of support, understanding, and guidance during this transitional period. As teenagers strive for autonomy and begin to define themselves, peer groups play a crucial role in shaping their beliefs, behaviors, and social interactions. Therefore, it is true that peer groups take on great significance during adolescence.Rate this question:
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- 10.
What is the Social learning theory?
- A.
Identity is regarded as the result of modeling oneself in response to the expectations of others, not as a produc4 of the unconscious
- B.
Refers to the process of self development through which we formulate a unique sense of ourselves and our relationship to the world around us
- C.
Socially defined expectations that a person in a given social position will follow
- D.
A theory that uses the concept of gender, class, and race to study and challenge power and inequality
Correct Answer
A. Identity is regarded as the result of modeling oneself in response to the expectations of others, not as a produc4 of the unconsciousExplanation
The correct answer explains that the Social learning theory views identity as the outcome of individuals modeling themselves based on the expectations of others, rather than being a result of the unconscious. This theory suggests that individuals develop their sense of self by observing and imitating the behaviors, attitudes, and values of those around them. It emphasizes the role of social interactions and external influences in shaping one's identity.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Is one of the purposes of sociological research to challenge commonly held beliefs which are often incorrect or false?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Yes, it is true that challenging commonly held beliefs is one of the purposes of sociological research. Sociologists aim to uncover and question the assumptions and biases that exist in society, including those that are widely accepted but may be incorrect or misleading. By challenging these beliefs, sociological research helps to promote a more accurate understanding of social phenomena and encourages critical thinking among individuals.Rate this question:
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- 12.
What is the Social- conflict approach (Marx)?
- A.
Refers to the particular experience of African Americans where in which they are forced to see themselves their status as citizens who are never able to escape identification based on the color of their skin
- B.
Is the ability to “think ourselves away” from the familiar routine in order to see things from a different, more sociological perspective
- C.
Says the organization of society (stratifications based on class, ethnicity, gender, age, etc.) and the changes in society can be explained by the conflicts inherent to social relations.
- D.
Is a theory that focuses on the social structures that shape society as a whole. It sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to maintain stability and to promote solidarity.
Correct Answer
C. Says the organization of society (stratifications based on class, ethnicity, gender, age, etc.) and the changes in society can be explained by the conflicts inherent to social relations.Explanation
The correct answer explains that the social-conflict approach (Marx) is a theory that suggests that the organization of society and the changes within it can be explained by the conflicts that exist within social relations. This approach focuses on the stratifications based on class, ethnicity, gender, age, etc. and how these divisions lead to conflicts and inequalities in society. It highlights the belief that social change occurs through the struggle for power between different groups in society.Rate this question:
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- 13.
What is the “Organic solidarity”?
- A.
A method that is useful for gathering less detailed information from a larger group.
- B.
Social cohesion (unity) results from the various parts of society functioning as parts of society functioning as an integrated whole.
- C.
Culturally defined standards by which people asses desirability, goodness, and beauty and that serve as broad guidelines for social living
- D.
Rewards and punishments sanctions are how we get people to follow different norms
Correct Answer
B. Social cohesion (unity) results from the various parts of society functioning as parts of society functioning as an integrated whole.Explanation
Organic solidarity refers to a type of social cohesion that arises in modern, complex societies where individuals are interdependent and have specialized roles. In this type of solidarity, social unity is achieved through the integration of various parts of society, each performing different functions but working together towards a common goal. This concept was introduced by Emile Durkheim, who argued that in such societies, individuals rely on one another for their survival and well-being, leading to a sense of solidarity based on mutual interdependence.Rate this question:
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- 14.
What is the Functionalism (Durkheim – Merton)?
- A.
Is a theory that focuses on the social structures that shape society as a whole. It sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to maintain stability and to promote solidarity.
- B.
Is the ability to “think ourselves away” from the familiar routine in order to see things from a different, more sociological perspective
- C.
Says the organization of society (stratifications based on class, ethnicity, gender, age, etc.) and the changes in society can be explained by the conflicts inherent to social relations.
- D.
: a theory that uses the concept of gender, class, and race to study and challenge power and inequality.
Correct Answer
A. Is a theory that focuses on the social structures that shape society as a whole. It sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to maintain stability and to promote solidarity.Explanation
Functionalism, also known as the Durkheim-Merton theory, is a sociological perspective that emphasizes the importance of social structures in shaping society. According to this theory, society is viewed as a complex system where different parts work together to maintain stability and promote solidarity. This perspective highlights the interdependence and interconnectedness of various social institutions and how they contribute to the overall functioning of society. Functionalism also emphasizes the role of social norms and values in maintaining social order and cohesion.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which research method involves direct interaction and observation of individuals or groups in their natural environment?
- A.
Ethnography
- B.
Survey
- C.
Experiment
- D.
Content Analysis
Correct Answer
A. EthnographyExplanation
Ethnography is a research method where sociologists immerse themselves in the lives of the people they study to gain a deep understanding of their culture and behavior.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which one is not a Social institutions?
- A.
Government
- B.
Technology
- C.
Media
- D.
Organisation
Correct Answer
B. TechnologyExplanation
Technology is not typically considered a social institution. Social institutions are structures or organizations within society that perform essential functions and provide order. Common examples of social institutions include government, media, and organizations like education, family, religion, and healthcare. Technology, on the other hand, is a tool or a set of tools that can be used within or across various social institutions to facilitate their functions but is not an institution itself.Rate this question:
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- 17.
An Ideal culture is?
- A.
Are actual behavior patterns
- B.
Are not guidelines which we claim to accept
- C.
Are the guidelines we claim to accept
- D.
Are not actual behavior patterns
Correct Answer
C. Are the guidelines we claim to acceptExplanation
An ideal culture refers to the guidelines or principles that individuals or a society claim to accept. These guidelines may include values, norms, beliefs, and behaviors that are considered desirable and promote harmony and well-being within the culture. However, it is important to note that ideal culture may not always align with actual behavior patterns, as individuals may not always adhere to or practice the guidelines they claim to accept.Rate this question:
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- 18.
What is Self identity?
- A.
Refers to the process of self development through which we formulate a unique sense of ourselves and our relationship to the world around us
- B.
Identity is regarded as the result of modeling oneself in response to the expectations of others, not as a produc4 of the unconscious
- C.
Socially defined expectations that a person in a given social position will follow
- D.
Involves instilling culture within the individual, enabling the person to survive effectively in his or her social world
Correct Answer
A. Refers to the process of self development through which we formulate a unique sense of ourselves and our relationship to the world around usExplanation
Self identity refers to the process of self development where an individual forms a distinct understanding of themselves and their connection to the surrounding world. It involves creating a unique sense of identity and shaping our perception of how we relate to others and the environment. This process is essential for individuals to establish their own individuality and navigate their place in society.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Studies do not confirm that children tend to cluster in play groups made up of one race and gender.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement is false because studies actually confirm that children do tend to cluster in play groups based on race and gender. Research has shown that children often choose to play with others who are similar to them in terms of race and gender. This is known as homophily, and it is a common phenomenon observed in social interactions among children. Therefore, the statement that studies do not confirm children clustering in play groups based on race and gender is incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The average U.S child spends as much time watching television as attending school or interacting with parents
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement suggests that the average U.S child spends an equal amount of time watching television as they do attending school or interacting with parents. This implies that television has become a significant part of a child's daily routine and may have a similar level of influence as education and parental interaction.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which is not a cultural universals?
- A.
Religion
- B.
Prohibition against incest
- C.
Family
- D.
Media
Correct Answer
D. MediaExplanation
Media is not considered a cultural universal because it is not found in all cultures around the world. While religion, prohibition against incest, and family are found in various forms in almost every culture, the concept of media and its various forms like television, radio, and internet are not universally present. Different cultures have different ways of communicating and sharing information, and not all cultures have adopted or developed media as a means of communication and information dissemination.Rate this question:
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- 22.
What is Cultural transmission?
- A.
Is the values, beliefs, behavior, and material objects that, together, form a people’s way of life
- B.
The process by which one generation passes culture to the next
- C.
Is system of symbols that allows people to communicate with one another
- D.
Specific statements that people hold to be true or false
Correct Answer
B. The process by which one generation passes culture to the nextExplanation
Cultural transmission refers to the process by which one generation passes culture to the next. It involves the transfer of values, beliefs, behavior, and material objects that collectively shape a people's way of life. This process ensures that cultural knowledge and practices are preserved and handed down from one generation to another, allowing for the continuity and development of a society's cultural identity. Cultural transmission is essential for the maintenance and evolution of a particular culture over time.Rate this question:
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- 23.
What is the W.E.B Dubois “double consciousness”?
- A.
Says the organization of society (stratifications based on class, ethnicity, gender, age, etc.) and the changes in society can be explained by the conflicts inherent to social relations.
- B.
Is the economic system that is directed at earning a profit for a few, selling the profits to many people, and keeping workers wages low in order to increase profits
- C.
Is a theory that focuses on the social structures that shape society as a whole. It sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to maintain stability and to promote solidarity.
- D.
Refers to the particular experience of African Americans where in which they are forced to see themselves their status as citizens who are never able to escape identification based on the color of their skin
Correct Answer
D. Refers to the particular experience of African Americans where in which they are forced to see themselves their status as citizens who are never able to escape identification based on the color of their skinExplanation
The term "double consciousness" refers to the unique experience of African Americans, where they are constantly aware of how they are perceived by others based on the color of their skin. It highlights the struggle of African Americans to reconcile their own self-image with the way society views them, leading to a sense of constantly being judged and never being able to fully escape racial identification. This concept was introduced by W.E.B. Dubois to shed light on the psychological and social effects of racism on African Americans.Rate this question:
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- 24.
A method that is useful for gathering less detailed information from a larger group is a survey
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
A survey is a method that is commonly used to gather information from a larger group of people. Surveys typically involve asking a set of questions to collect data on a specific topic or issue. Since surveys are designed to be distributed to a larger group, they are often used when detailed information is not necessary or feasible to obtain from each individual. Therefore, the statement that a survey is useful for gathering less detailed information from a larger group is true.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Lifelong social experience by which individuals develop their human potential, learn culture, and learn the expectations of society is
- A.
Society
- B.
Socialization
- C.
Sociology
- D.
Sanctions
Correct Answer
B. SocializationExplanation
Socialization refers to the lifelong social experience through which individuals learn and internalize the values, norms, beliefs, and behaviors of their society. It is a process that begins at birth and continues throughout a person's life, shaping their human potential and helping them understand and adapt to the expectations of society. Socialization is crucial in enabling individuals to become functioning members of their community, as it provides them with the necessary skills, knowledge, and social interactions to navigate and participate in society effectively.Rate this question:
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