Qualitative Research MCQ Quiz With Answers

Qualitative research design is characterized by its flexibility and elasticity, allowing for adaptability and responsiveness to the research context. It also involves the use of mixed methodologies, combining different approaches to gather comprehensive data. Ongoing analysis is a crucial aspect of qualitative research, as it helps in formulating subsequent strategies and refining the research process. Additionally, qualitative research emphasizes the role of the researcher as the instrument, recognizing their subjective influence on data collection and interpretation. Therefore, all of the mentioned characteristics accurately describe qualitative research design.

Ethnography is a qualitative method that focuses on the description and interpretation of cultural behavior. It involves immersing oneself in a particular culture or social group to understand their beliefs, values, and practices. Ethnographers observe and participate in the daily lives of individuals within the culture, conducting interviews and collecting data to gain a deep understanding of their experiences and perspectives. By studying cultural behavior in its natural context, ethnography provides valuable insights into the social and cultural dynamics of a specific group or community.

Grounded Theory Research is not a method of quantitative research because it is a qualitative research approach. Unlike quantitative research, which focuses on numerical data and statistical analysis, grounded theory research aims to develop theories and concepts based on the interpretation of qualitative data. It involves collecting and analyzing textual or observational data to generate theories that are grounded in the data itself. Therefore, grounded theory research does not fit within the scope of quantitative research methods.

Qualitative research is characterized by an inductive process. This means that it starts with specific observations and data, and then develops theories or generalizations based on these findings. Unlike deductive research, which starts with a hypothesis and tests it, qualitative research allows for flexibility and exploration of new ideas. It focuses on understanding the context and meaning behind phenomena, rather than controlling or manipulating variables. Therefore, the correct answer is the inductive process.

Deductive reasoning is applied in quantitative research because it involves the use of logical reasoning and general principles to make specific predictions or hypotheses. In quantitative research, data is collected and analyzed using statistical methods to test these hypotheses and draw conclusions. Deductive reasoning allows researchers to make specific predictions based on existing theories or knowledge and then test them through empirical evidence. This approach is particularly useful in quantitative research as it allows for the systematic and objective investigation of relationships between variables and the generalization of findings to a larger population.

Triangulation is a term used to describe the practice of using multiple referents to draw conclusions about the truth. It involves gathering data from different sources or using different methods to validate or corroborate findings. By using triangulation, researchers can increase the reliability and validity of their conclusions by reducing the potential for bias or error. This approach helps ensure that the conclusions drawn are more accurate and robust, as they are based on multiple perspectives and sources of evidence.

Phenomenology is a qualitative research design that focuses on exploring and understanding the lived experiences of individuals within their "lifeworld." It aims to uncover the essence and meaning of these experiences by examining the subjective perspectives of participants. Unlike ethnography, which studies cultural groups, or grounded theory, which develops theories from collected data, phenomenology delves into the individual's unique experiences and perceptions. Therefore, phenomenology is the correct answer to the question.

The grounded theory approach was developed by Glaser and Strauss.

The correct answer is manipulation because phenomenological study focuses on understanding and describing subjective experiences as they are, without attempting to manipulate or control them. It involves bracketing out preconceived notions, relying on intuition to gain insight, analyzing the data collected, and providing a detailed description of the phenomenon under investigation. However, manipulation, which refers to actively altering or controlling the phenomenon, is not a part of phenomenological study.

Emergent design is a qualitative research design that allows for flexibility and adaptation during the research process. It involves continuously refining the research questions, methods, and data collection techniques based on emerging findings and insights. This design acknowledges that the research process is dynamic and that new ideas and perspectives may arise as the study progresses. It is particularly useful when exploring complex or understudied phenomena, as it allows for a deeper understanding and discovery of unanticipated patterns or connections.

Data saturation is a guiding principle in qualitative research when deciding sample size. This refers to the point in the research process where new data no longer provides additional insights or information. Researchers aim to reach data saturation to ensure that they have gathered enough data to thoroughly understand the phenomenon being studied. By achieving data saturation, researchers can be confident that they have captured the necessary information and can draw meaningful conclusions from their analysis.

Analytic induction is a method of analyzing qualitative data that involves an interactive approach to testing the research hypothesis. It involves a continuous process of comparing and contrasting data to develop theories and concepts. This method allows researchers to refine their hypotheses by examining the patterns and connections within the data, making it a valuable tool in qualitative research.

Emergent design is the correct answer because it refers to a design that evolves and develops during the course of a qualitative study. Unlike other designs listed, such as experimental and quasi-experimental designs which are predetermined and fixed, emergent design allows the researcher to adapt and modify the design as they gain more insights and understanding from the data. This flexibility enables the researcher to explore new avenues, adjust research questions, and incorporate emerging themes or patterns that were not initially anticipated.

The standards for critiquing qualitative research include descriptive vividness, methodological congruence, analytical and interpretative preciseness, and heuristic relevance. However, the chance for committing Type-I error is not considered as one of the standards for critiquing qualitative research. Type-I error refers to the incorrect rejection of a true null hypothesis, which is a statistical concept rather than a criterion for evaluating the quality of qualitative research.

Bracketing refers to the process of temporarily setting aside one's preconceived beliefs and opinions in order to approach the phenomena of understanding with an open and unbiased mindset. It involves suspending personal biases and assumptions in order to engage in a more objective analysis and interpretation of the subject matter. This allows for a more thorough examination of the phenomena and facilitates a deeper understanding of the topic at hand.

The grounded theory approach focuses on understanding social structural processes within a social setting. This means that it seeks to analyze how social structures, such as hierarchies, norms, and power dynamics, influence individuals' behavior and interactions within a specific social context. By studying these processes, researchers can gain insights into how social structures shape individuals' experiences and guide their actions. This approach is different from focusing solely on the holistic view of culture, lived experiences, or observing behavior over time, as it specifically emphasizes the role of social structures in shaping individuals' behavior and interactions.

Kurt Lewin is credited with coining the term "action research."

The term triangulation was coined by Denzin in 1989.

Symbolic interactionism is a research design that focuses on how individuals give meaning to social interactions. It examines the symbols, gestures, and language used by people to interpret and communicate with each other. This approach emphasizes the importance of understanding the subjective experiences and perspectives of individuals in shaping social reality. Symbolic interactionism is distinct from grounded theory, phenomenology, and ethnography, as it specifically focuses on the symbolic aspects of social interactions rather than broader themes or cultural contexts.

Bricolage refers to the tendency in qualitative research to gather a diverse range of data from different sources and employ various methods to analyze and interpret it. This approach allows researchers to create a rich and comprehensive understanding of the research topic by utilizing multiple perspectives and data types. Bricolage acknowledges the complexity of qualitative research and emphasizes the importance of flexibility and creativity in the research process.