Introduction To Research
Reviewer for dummy karl~~~
Questions and Answers
- 1.
1. A type of qualitative research where the researcher becomes a participant in the phenomenon being studied.
- A.
Analysis of texts
- B.
Informal and in-depth interviews
- C.
Participant observation
- D.
Group interviews
Correct Answer
C. Participant observationExplanation
Participant observation is a type of qualitative research where the researcher actively engages and becomes a participant in the phenomenon being studied. This method involves observing and interacting with individuals or groups in their natural settings to gain a deeper understanding of their behaviors, experiences, and perspectives. It allows the researcher to gather rich and detailed data by immersing themselves in the context and culture of the participants, enabling them to capture the complexity and nuances of the phenomenon under investigation.Rate this question:
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- 2.
A type of qualitative research where there is a small number of participants being interviewed at a certain length
- A.
Analysis of texts
- B.
Informal and in-depth interviews
- C.
Participant observation
- D.
Group interviews
Correct Answer
B. Informal and in-depth interviewsExplanation
Informal and in-depth interviews refer to a type of qualitative research where a small number of participants are interviewed at a certain length. This method allows researchers to gather detailed and in-depth information from participants through open-ended questions and conversation-like interviews. It provides a deeper understanding of individuals' perspectives, experiences, and attitudes, allowing researchers to explore complex topics and gain rich insights. This approach is particularly useful when studying subjective phenomena or when a more personal and nuanced understanding is required.Rate this question:
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- 3.
A type of qualitative research which is also referred to as content analysis
- A.
Participant observation
- B.
Analysis of texts
- C.
Informal and in-depth interviews
- D.
Group interviews
Correct Answer
B. Analysis of textsExplanation
Analysis of texts is a type of qualitative research that involves examining written or recorded materials to identify patterns, themes, and meanings. It is also known as content analysis, as it focuses on analyzing the content of the texts rather than the individuals or groups producing them. This method allows researchers to gain insights into the perspectives, attitudes, and experiences of individuals or groups by studying their written or recorded communication. By systematically analyzing texts, researchers can uncover valuable information and contribute to the understanding of various phenomena in fields such as sociology, psychology, and communication studies.Rate this question:
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- 4.
An alternative to research where the researcher relies on intuitions and common sense.
- A.
Social Leisure
- B.
Biased Judgment
- C.
Informal Judgment
- D.
Interpretative Study
- E.
Inductive approach
Correct Answer
C. Informal JudgmentExplanation
Informal judgment is an alternative to research where the researcher relies on intuitions and common sense. Unlike formal research methods that involve systematic data collection and analysis, informal judgment relies on the researcher's personal opinions, experiences, and gut feelings. It is a subjective approach that may lack objectivity and rigor, but it can be useful in situations where formal research methods are not feasible or necessary. Informal judgment allows for quick decision-making and can provide insights or perspectives that may not be captured through formal research methods.Rate this question:
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- 5.
A concept that can have different levels, quantities, intensities and amounts
- A.
Attributes
- B.
Qualitative Data
- C.
Measurement
- D.
Variables
- E.
Descriptive data
Correct Answer
D. VariablesExplanation
Variables are a concept that can have different levels, quantities, intensities, and amounts. In research and statistics, variables refer to characteristics or attributes that can vary and be measured or observed. They can be qualitative or quantitative in nature, and they are used to describe and analyze data. Variables are essential in understanding relationships, making predictions, and drawing conclusions in various fields of study.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The process of taking a construct and refining it by giving it a conceptual or theoretical definition.
- A.
Conceptualisation
- B.
Sampling
- C.
Operationalisation
- D.
Interpretation
- E.
Variable interpretation
Correct Answer
A. ConceptualisationExplanation
Conceptualisation refers to the process of taking a construct and refining it by giving it a conceptual or theoretical definition. This involves clarifying and defining the ideas, concepts, or variables that are being studied, and establishing their meaning and boundaries. It is an important step in research as it helps researchers to develop a clear understanding of the concepts they are studying and ensures that they are measuring and studying the right things. This process lays the foundation for further research and data collection.Rate this question:
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- 7.
A researcher develops a sampling frame and selects, for example, every 9th unit from sampling frame.
- A.
Cluster selection
- B.
Convenience selection
- C.
Sequential selection
- D.
Random samples
- E.
Criterion selection
Correct Answer
C. Sequential selectionExplanation
Sequential selection is the correct answer because the researcher is selecting units from the sampling frame in a sequential manner, specifically choosing every 9th unit. This method of selection ensures that each unit in the sampling frame has an equal chance of being selected, and it provides a systematic approach to sampling.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Truthfulness of the score - the score truly measures the characteristic and does not measure anything else.
- A.
Convenience
- B.
Opportunistic
- C.
Reliability
- D.
Validity
- E.
Purposeful
Correct Answer
D. ValidityExplanation
Validity refers to the extent to which a score or measurement accurately measures the characteristic it is intended to measure. In this context, the explanation suggests that the score is valid because it truly measures the characteristic and does not measure anything else. This means that the score is a reliable and accurate representation of the characteristic being assessed, without any bias or extraneous factors influencing the measurement.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Total category of subject that is the focus of attention in a particular research project
- A.
Sample
- B.
Population
- C.
Variable
- D.
Participants
- E.
Respondents
Correct Answer
B. PopulationExplanation
The correct answer is "Population." In a research project, the population refers to the total category of subjects that is the focus of attention. It represents the entire group of individuals or elements that the researcher wants to study and make inferences about. The population can be defined based on various characteristics or criteria, such as age, gender, location, or any other relevant attribute. It is important to carefully define the population to ensure that the research findings can be generalized to the target group accurately.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Seeks to identify the commonalities that exists in the themes and issues outlined by the respondents
- A.
Axial coding
- B.
Open Coding
- C.
Sequential Coding
- D.
Axial Analysis
Correct Answer
A. Axial codingExplanation
Axial coding is a qualitative data analysis technique that seeks to identify the commonalities that exist in the themes and issues outlined by the respondents. It involves categorizing and organizing data based on the relationships between concepts, and it helps to identify the main categories and subcategories that emerge from the data. Axial coding allows researchers to understand the connections and patterns within the data, and it is an important step in the process of analyzing qualitative data.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Links a conceptual definition to a specific set of measurement techniques or procedures, the construct operational definition
- A.
Operationalisation
- B.
Conceptualisation
- C.
Sequential Selection
- D.
Stratification
Correct Answer
A. OperationalisationExplanation
Operationalisation is the correct answer because it refers to the process of linking a conceptual definition to specific measurement techniques or procedures. This process involves defining and specifying how a concept will be measured or observed in a research study. Operationalisation is important in research as it allows researchers to transform abstract concepts into measurable variables, making them easier to study and analyze.Rate this question:
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- 12.
A researcher develops a sampling frame, selects elements from the sampling frame according to mathematically random procedures, then locates the exact element that was selected for inclusion in the sample
- A.
Cluster selection
- B.
Homogeneous sample
- C.
Stratified purposeful
- D.
Random Samples
- E.
Sequential selection
Correct Answer
D. Random SamplesExplanation
The researcher in this scenario is using mathematically random procedures to select elements from a sampling frame. Additionally, they are able to locate the exact element that was selected for inclusion in the sample. This aligns with the concept of random sampling, where each element in the sampling frame has an equal chance of being selected and the selection process is unbiased and independent. Therefore, the correct answer is Random Samples.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Detailed (actual words) examples, illustrations of interpretations your opinion
- A.
Emic
- B.
Etic
- C.
Epic
- D.
Cut-off
Correct Answer
A. EmicExplanation
The correct answer is "emic". "Emic" refers to the perspective or understanding of a particular culture or group from within that culture or group. It focuses on the internal meanings and interpretations of beliefs, behaviors, and practices. This term is often used in anthropology and sociology to distinguish it from "etic", which refers to an external or outsider perspective.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Two types of statistics check two
- A.
Bivariate
- B.
Descriptive
- C.
Inferential
- D.
Univariate
Correct Answer(s)
B. Descriptive
C. InferentialExplanation
The two types of statistics mentioned in the question are descriptive and inferential. Descriptive statistics involve summarizing and describing data using measures such as mean, median, and standard deviation. It aims to provide a clear understanding of the data set. On the other hand, inferential statistics involve making inferences and drawing conclusions about a population based on a sample. It uses techniques such as hypothesis testing and confidence intervals. Therefore, the correct answer is descriptive and inferential.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Beliefs, personality, pre-dispositions, values, cohesiveness of group, organisations policies
- A.
Actions or behavior
- B.
Social/physical characteristics or states
- C.
Orientations or tendencies
Correct Answer
C. Orientations or tendenciesExplanation
This answer suggests that beliefs, personality, pre-dispositions, values, cohesiveness of group, and organizational policies can influence orientations or tendencies. These factors can shape an individual's mindset, attitudes, and inclinations towards certain behaviors or actions. It implies that these orientations or tendencies are not fixed, but rather influenced by various external and internal factors.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Participation, commitment, returning, choice, group action
- A.
Actions or behavior
- B.
Social/physical characteristics or states
- C.
Orientations or tendencies
Correct Answer
A. Actions or behaviorExplanation
The given answer is "actions or behavior". This answer is correct because the terms "participation, commitment, returning, choice, group action" all refer to actions or behavior. These terms indicate the way individuals or groups engage in certain activities, make decisions, and interact with others. Therefore, "actions or behavior" accurately captures the meaning and context of the given terms.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The rule that states that entities should not be multiplied necessarily
- A.
THERES Theory
- B.
Chaos Theory
- C.
Ockham's razor
- D.
Rule of Positivism
Correct Answer
C. Ockham's razorExplanation
Ockham's razor, also known as the principle of parsimony, is a rule in philosophy and science that suggests that when multiple explanations or hypotheses are available, the simplest one is usually the correct one. It states that unnecessary assumptions or entities should not be introduced to explain a phenomenon. In other words, the answer that requires the fewest assumptions or entities is usually the most accurate and reliable. This principle is widely used in various fields to guide scientific inquiry and problem-solving.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Assess the extent of difference between mean scores obtained from an interval/ratio variable
- A.
Variable sampling
- B.
T-test
- C.
P-test
- D.
Normal variance
Correct Answer
B. T-testExplanation
A t-test is used to assess the extent of difference between mean scores obtained from an interval/ratio variable. It is a statistical test that determines if there is a significant difference between the means of two groups. The t-test takes into account the sample size, means, and standard deviations of the two groups being compared. It is commonly used in research and experiments to determine if there is a statistically significant difference between groups.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Also called "cut-off" point in statistics.
- A.
Case study
- B.
Ethnography
- C.
Probability Theory
- D.
Statistical Difference
Correct Answer
C. Probability TheoryExplanation
Probability theory is the correct answer because it is the branch of mathematics that deals with the study of random events and the likelihood of their occurrence. In statistics, the "cut-off" point refers to a threshold value that is used to determine whether a certain event or outcome is significant or not. Probability theory is closely related to statistics and is often used to calculate probabilities and make statistical inferences. Therefore, it is the most appropriate term to describe the concept of a "cut-off" point in statistics.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The "p" valuetesting hypothesis/ null hypothesissignificance vs. meaningfulness
- A.
Statistical Difference
- B.
Chi Square
- C.
T-test
- D.
Politics
Correct Answer
A. Statistical DifferenceExplanation
The given answer "Statistical Difference" is the correct answer because it is a concept used in statistics to determine whether there is a significant difference between groups or variables. It involves comparing the observed data with the expected data and calculating the probability of obtaining such a difference by chance alone. Statistical difference is important in hypothesis testing and helps to determine the significance of the results obtained.Rate this question:
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Aug 23, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Jun 14, 2009Quiz Created by
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