What Do You Know About DNA And RNA Transcription?

1. Transcription is the process in which complementary mRNA is formed from a DNA template.

True

False

Transcription is a fundamental process in molecular biology, where an RNA molecule is synthesized from a DNA template. This process involves the enzyme RNA polymerase binding to the DNA template and synthesizing a complementary mRNA molecule. The mRNA molecule carries the genetic information from the DNA and serves as a template for protein synthesis during translation. Therefore, the statement that transcription is the process in which complementary mRNA is formed from a DNA template is accurate.

Explanation

Transcription is a fundamental process in molecular biology, where an RNA molecule is synthesized from a DNA template. This process involves the enzyme RNA polymerase binding to the DNA template and synthesizing a complementary mRNA molecule. The mRNA molecule carries the genetic information from the DNA and serves as a template for protein synthesis during translation. Therefore, the statement that transcription is the process in which complementary mRNA is formed from a DNA template is accurate.

2. During initiation what enzyme binds to a specific region of DNA ?

DNA polymerase

RNA polymerase

MRNA polymerase

During initiation, RNA polymerase binds to a specific region of DNA. RNA polymerase is responsible for transcribing DNA into RNA by synthesizing a complementary RNA strand. It recognizes and binds to a specific DNA sequence called the promoter region, which signals the start of a gene. Once bound, RNA polymerase begins the process of transcription, unwinding the DNA and synthesizing an RNA molecule that is complementary to the DNA template strand. Therefore, RNA polymerase is the enzyme that binds to DNA during initiation.

Explanation

During initiation, RNA polymerase binds to a specific region of DNA. RNA polymerase is responsible for transcribing DNA into RNA by synthesizing a complementary RNA strand. It recognizes and binds to a specific DNA sequence called the promoter region, which signals the start of a gene. Once bound, RNA polymerase begins the process of transcription, unwinding the DNA and synthesizing an RNA molecule that is complementary to the DNA template strand. Therefore, RNA polymerase is the enzyme that binds to DNA during initiation.

3. During elongation RNA polymerase starts building single-stranded mRNA in the direction 3' to 5'.

True

False

It builds from 5' to 3'

Explanation

It builds from 5' to 3'

4. The region of DNA which RNA polymerase binds to is known as the _______________ region.

The region of DNA where RNA polymerase binds is known as the promoter. The promoter plays a crucial role in initiating the transcription process by providing a binding site for RNA polymerase. It contains specific DNA sequences that serve as recognition sites for the RNA polymerase enzyme, allowing it to attach and initiate the transcription of the DNA into RNA. The promoter region is essential for regulating gene expression as it determines when and how often a particular gene is transcribed.

Explanation

The region of DNA where RNA polymerase binds is known as the promoter. The promoter plays a crucial role in initiating the transcription process by providing a binding site for RNA polymerase. It contains specific DNA sequences that serve as recognition sites for the RNA polymerase enzyme, allowing it to attach and initiate the transcription of the DNA into RNA. The promoter region is essential for regulating gene expression as it determines when and how often a particular gene is transcribed.

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5. Exons are removed by spliceosomes.

True

False

Introns are removed by spliceosomes because they are a non-coding region of a gene. Exons are a coding region of a gene.

Explanation

Introns are removed by spliceosomes because they are a non-coding region of a gene. Exons are a coding region of a gene.

6. The promoter region consists mostly of _____________________ bonds.

Cytosine-Guanine

Adenine-Thymine

Adenine-Uracil

Adenine-Thymine bonds are held together by 2 hydrogen bonds, whereas cytosine-guanine bonds are held together by 3 hydrogen bonds. Therefore less energy is needed to open the double helix by breaking only 2 bonds.

Explanation

Adenine-Thymine bonds are held together by 2 hydrogen bonds, whereas cytosine-guanine bonds are held together by 3 hydrogen bonds. Therefore less energy is needed to open the double helix by breaking only 2 bonds.

7. A 5' cap and a Poly-A tail must be added to the primary transcript to help protect it from what?

Digestion by the nucleus and degradation later on

Becoming tRNA

Getting duplicated

The primary transcript, which is the initial RNA molecule synthesized from DNA, needs a 5' cap and a Poly-A tail to protect it from digestion by the nucleus and degradation later on. These modifications prevent the RNA molecule from being recognized and broken down by cellular enzymes. Without these protective measures, the primary transcript would be vulnerable to degradation, leading to the loss of important genetic information.

Explanation

The primary transcript, which is the initial RNA molecule synthesized from DNA, needs a 5' cap and a Poly-A tail to protect it from digestion by the nucleus and degradation later on. These modifications prevent the RNA molecule from being recognized and broken down by cellular enzymes. Without these protective measures, the primary transcript would be vulnerable to degradation, leading to the loss of important genetic information.

8. A _____________ sequence is a specific series of bases that sends a signal to RNA polymerase to stop transcribing.

A terminator sequence is a specific series of bases that signals RNA polymerase to stop transcribing. This sequence acts as a signal to indicate the end of the gene or segment being transcribed. Once the terminator sequence is reached, RNA polymerase detaches from the DNA template and releases the newly synthesized RNA molecule. This termination process is crucial for accurately transcribing genes and ensuring the proper functioning of the genetic code.

Explanation

A terminator sequence is a specific series of bases that signals RNA polymerase to stop transcribing. This sequence acts as a signal to indicate the end of the gene or segment being transcribed. Once the terminator sequence is reached, RNA polymerase detaches from the DNA template and releases the newly synthesized RNA molecule. This termination process is crucial for accurately transcribing genes and ensuring the proper functioning of the genetic code.

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