A 5' cap and a Poly-A tail must be added to the primary transcript to help protect it from what?

Digestion by the nucleus and degradation later on

What Do You Know About DNA And RNA Transcription?

1.

Transcription is the process in which complementary mRNA is formed from a DNA template.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
Transcription is a fundamental process in molecular biology, where an RNA molecule is synthesized from a DNA template. This process involves the enzyme RNA polymerase binding to the DNA template and synthesizing a complementary mRNA molecule. The mRNA molecule carries the genetic information from the DNA and serves as a template for protein synthesis during translation. Therefore, the statement that transcription is the process in which complementary mRNA is formed from a DNA template is accurate.

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2.

During initiation what enzyme binds to a specific region of DNA ?
- A.
  
  DNA polymerase
- B.
  
  RNA polymerase
- C.
  
  MRNA polymerase
Correct Answer
B. RNA polymerase

Explanation
During initiation, RNA polymerase binds to a specific region of DNA. RNA polymerase is responsible for transcribing DNA into RNA by synthesizing a complementary RNA strand. It recognizes and binds to a specific DNA sequence called the promoter region, which signals the start of a gene. Once bound, RNA polymerase begins the process of transcription, unwinding the DNA and synthesizing an RNA molecule that is complementary to the DNA template strand. Therefore, RNA polymerase is the enzyme that binds to DNA during initiation.

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3.

The region of DNA which RNA polymerase binds to is known as the _______________ region.

Correct Answer
promoter

Explanation
The region of DNA where RNA polymerase binds is known as the promoter. The promoter plays a crucial role in initiating the transcription process by providing a binding site for RNA polymerase. It contains specific DNA sequences that serve as recognition sites for the RNA polymerase enzyme, allowing it to attach and initiate the transcription of the DNA into RNA. The promoter region is essential for regulating gene expression as it determines when and how often a particular gene is transcribed.

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4
4.

The promoter region consists mostly of _____________________ bonds.
- A.
  
  Cytosine-Guanine
- B.
  
  Adenine-Thymine
- C.
  
  Adenine-Uracil
Correct Answer
B. Adenine-Thymine

Explanation
Adenine-Thymine bonds are held together by 2 hydrogen bonds, whereas cytosine-guanine bonds are held together by 3 hydrogen bonds. Therefore less energy is needed to open the double helix by breaking only 2 bonds.

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5.

During elongation RNA polymerase starts building single-stranded mRNA in the direction 3' to 5'.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
It builds from 5' to 3'

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6.

A _____________ sequence is a specific series of bases that sends a signal to RNA polymerase to stop transcribing.

Correct Answer
terminator

Explanation
A terminator sequence is a specific series of bases that signals RNA polymerase to stop transcribing. This sequence acts as a signal to indicate the end of the gene or segment being transcribed. Once the terminator sequence is reached, RNA polymerase detaches from the DNA template and releases the newly synthesized RNA molecule. This termination process is crucial for accurately transcribing genes and ensuring the proper functioning of the genetic code.

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4
7.

A 5' cap and a Poly-A tail must be added to the primary transcript to help protect it from what?
- A.
  
  Digestion by the nucleus and degradation later on
- B.
  
  Becoming tRNA
- C.
  
  Getting duplicated
Correct Answer
A. Digestion by the nucleus and degradation later on

Explanation
The primary transcript, which is the initial RNA molecule synthesized from DNA, needs a 5' cap and a Poly-A tail to protect it from digestion by the nucleus and degradation later on. These modifications prevent the RNA molecule from being recognized and broken down by cellular enzymes. Without these protective measures, the primary transcript would be vulnerable to degradation, leading to the loss of important genetic information.

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8.

Exons are removed by spliceosomes.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
Introns are removed by spliceosomes because they are a non-coding region of a gene. Exons are a coding region of a gene.

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What Do You Know About DNA And RNA Transcription?

Transcription is the process in which complementary mRNA is formed from a DNA template.

During initiation what enzyme binds to a specific region of DNA ?

The region of DNA which RNA polymerase binds to is known as the _______________ region.

The promoter region consists mostly of _____________________ bonds.

During elongation RNA polymerase starts building single-stranded mRNA in the direction 3' to 5'.

A _____________ sequence is a specific series of bases that sends a signal to RNA polymerase to stop transcribing.

A 5' cap and a Poly-A tail must be added to the primary transcript to help protect it from what?

Exons are removed by spliceosomes.