Theory And Principles Of Planning

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1. The type of street pattern wherein the site is divided into square or rectangular blocks.

Explanation

Gridiron is the correct answer because it refers to a type of street pattern where the site is divided into square or rectangular blocks. This pattern is characterized by a series of parallel streets intersecting at right angles, forming a grid-like structure. This type of street pattern is commonly seen in many cities and provides a systematic and organized layout for urban development.

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About This Quiz
Theory And Principles Of Planning - Quiz

Explore the principles of planning in this quiz focused on site analysis and environmental conditions. Assess your understanding of topography, site conditions, and landscape development. Ideal for students... see morein urban planning or architecture, enhancing practical knowledge and preparation for professional standards. see less

2. The termination of a district or a seam between two communities.

Explanation

The term "edges" refers to the termination of a district or a seam between two communities. It implies the boundaries or borders that separate one area from another. In the context of the given question, "edges" is the correct answer as it best fits the description of the termination or boundary between districts or communities.

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3. A geographic area within which residents conveniently share the common services and facilities needed in the vicinity of their dwellings.

Explanation

A neighborhood is a geographic area where residents have access to common services and facilities that are conveniently located near their homes. This includes amenities such as schools, parks, grocery stores, and community centers. The concept of a neighborhood promotes a sense of community and allows residents to easily access the resources they need on a daily basis.

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4. Building on level site are favorable because:

Explanation

Building on a level site is favorable because it can adopt various building forms, meaning that different types of structures can be built without the need for extensive modifications or adjustments to the terrain. Additionally, level sites can adopt all street patterns, allowing for easy integration into existing road networks. Lastly, building on a level site is economical in terms of site development, as it requires less earthwork and leveling compared to uneven or sloping sites. Therefore, all of the given reasons make building on a level site favorable.

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5. Rebirth of classical towns; piazza planning in Venice; grandeur in civic structure and public spaces; streets were wide regular and circumferential with the piazza at the center as in Italy.

Explanation

The given description mentions the rebirth of classical towns, piazza planning in Venice, and grandeur in civic structure and public spaces. It also states that the streets were wide, regular, and circumferential with the piazza at the center, which is characteristic of Renaissance architecture and urban planning. Therefore, the correct answer is Renaissance.

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6. Which of the following statements is true?

Explanation

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7. [RA 7279] It refers to the process of land acquisition by exchanging land for another piece of land of equal value, or for shares of stock in a government or quasi‐government corporation whose book value is of equal value to the land being exchanged, for the purpose of planned and rational development and provision for socialized housing where land values are determined based on land classification, market value and assessed value taken from existing tax declarations: Provided, that more valuable lands owned by private persons may be exchanged with less valuable lands to carry out the objectives of this Act.

Explanation

The correct answer is Land Swapping. Land Swapping refers to the process of exchanging land for another piece of land of equal value, or for shares of stock in a government or quasi-government corporation. This is done for the purpose of planned and rational development and provision for socialized housing. The value of the land being exchanged is determined based on land classification, market value, and assessed value. Private persons may also exchange more valuable lands with less valuable lands to fulfill the objectives of the Act.

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8. The most important space found within the rules of the "Leyes de las Indias".

Explanation

The "Leyes de las Indias" were a set of laws that governed the Spanish colonies in the Americas. The town plaza was considered the most important space within these laws because it served as the center of social and civic life in the colonial towns. It was a place where people gathered for community events, celebrations, and important meetings. The town plaza was also often the location of important buildings such as the town hall and the church, making it a focal point for both religious and administrative activities.

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9. The first noted urban planner who introduced the grid system and the agora.

Explanation

Hippodamus is the correct answer because he was the first urban planner known to introduce the grid system and the agora. The grid system is a layout of streets that intersect at right angles, creating a network of blocks, while the agora refers to a central public space or marketplace in ancient Greek cities. Hippodamus, a Greek architect and urban planner from Miletus, is credited with these innovations in city planning.

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10. What became a major element of town planning and urban design during the Renaissance and Baroque periods.

Explanation

During the Renaissance and Baroque periods, arts and architecture became a major element of town planning and urban design. These periods saw a renewed interest in classical architecture and a focus on creating harmonious and aesthetically pleasing urban spaces. Architects and artists worked together to design grand buildings, public squares, and gardens that showcased the wealth and power of the ruling elite. These developments in arts and architecture not only transformed the physical appearance of towns and cities but also influenced the social and cultural life of the people living in these urban areas.

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11. The most practical of street layout

Explanation

The most practical street layout is a grid. A grid layout consists of intersecting streets that form a pattern of squares or rectangles. This layout is efficient for navigation and provides easy access to different areas of a city or neighborhood. It allows for straightforward directions and efficient transportation routes. Additionally, a grid layout often facilitates the organization of buildings and infrastructure, making it easier to plan and develop urban areas.

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12. Refers to the relationship of buildings and urban space to the size of a human being.

Explanation

Scale refers to the relationship of buildings and urban space to the size of a human being. It relates to how the size of buildings and spaces are designed to be in proportion to the human scale, ensuring that they are comfortable and accessible for people to navigate and interact with. This includes considerations such as the height, width, and depth of buildings, as well as the spacing and arrangement of buildings within a larger urban context. By designing with scale in mind, architects and urban planners can create environments that are visually pleasing and functional for human use.

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13. The first Garden City designed by Raymond Unwin and Barry Parker in 1902.

Explanation

Letchworth is the correct answer because it was the first garden city designed by Raymond Unwin and Barry Parker in 1902. Garden cities were a response to the overcrowding and unsanitary conditions of industrial cities, and Letchworth was the first planned community that aimed to provide a healthy and balanced living environment for its residents. It was designed with green spaces, affordable housing, and a mix of residential, commercial, and industrial areas. Letchworth's success inspired the development of other garden cities around the world.

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14. Throughout the rest of the year, the Philippines experiences the west or southwest wind; south‐west monsoon which is called __________________________.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Habagat". The question is asking for the term used to describe the west or southwest wind and south-west monsoon in the Philippines. Habagat is the term used to refer to this weather phenomenon.

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15. [AO 363] It refers to a document embodying a set of policies accompanied by maps and similar illustrations which represent the community desired pattern of population distribution and a proposal for the future allocation of land to the various land‐using activities.

Explanation

A land use plan is a document that includes policies, maps, and illustrations that outline the desired pattern of population distribution and propose future allocations of land for different activities. It serves as a guide for decision-making regarding land use and development in a community. This plan helps in managing resources, controlling urban sprawl, promoting sustainable development, and ensuring the efficient use of land. The term "land use plan" accurately describes the document described in the question.

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16. [RA 7279] It refers to non‐agricultural lands urban and urbanized areas on which no improvements, as herein defined, have been made by the owner, as certified by the city, municipal or provincial assessor.

Explanation

Idle lands refer to non-agricultural lands in urban and urbanized areas that have not been developed or improved by the owner, as certified by the city, municipal, or provincial assessor. These lands are considered unused or unproductive as they have not been utilized for any purpose or development. Therefore, the correct answer is "Idle Lands."

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17. [AO 363] It refers to the delineation/division of a city/municipality into functional zones where only specific land uses are allowed. It directs and regulates the use of all lands in the community in accordance with an approved or adopted land use plan for the city/municipality. It prescribes setback provisions, minimum lot sizes, building heights and bulk.

Explanation

Zoning refers to the division of a city or municipality into functional zones where specific land uses are allowed. It involves directing and regulating the use of all lands in the community according to an approved land use plan. Zoning also includes prescribing setback provisions, minimum lot sizes, building heights, and bulk. This explanation aligns with the given correct answer, which is "Zoning".

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18. Not a thematic or analytical map

Explanation

A vicinity map is a type of map that shows the surrounding area or location of a specific point of interest. It provides an overview of the nearby landmarks, roads, and geographical features, allowing users to understand the context and proximity of the point of interest. In contrast, a thematic or analytical map focuses on specific themes or data analysis, such as soil type, climate patterns, or slope gradients. Therefore, a vicinity map is not a thematic or analytical map, making it the correct answer.

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19. The practice of forming beds of low‐growing foliage plants, all of an even height, in patterns that resemble a carpet both in intricacy of design and in uniformity of surface. Designs can vary from geometrical shapes to images and letter inscriptions.

Explanation

Carpet bedding refers to the practice of creating intricate and uniform designs using low-growing foliage plants in patterns that resemble a carpet. This technique involves arranging the plants in a way that creates geometrical shapes, images, or letter inscriptions. It is a popular gardening practice that adds aesthetic appeal to outdoor spaces.

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20. He suggested the idea of "Linear City" from Cadiz, Spain across Europe through St. Petersburg, Russia in which he proposed that the logic of linear utility line should be the basis of all city lay-out.

Explanation

Arturo Soria y Mata is the correct answer because he is the one who suggested the idea of "Linear City" from Cadiz, Spain across Europe through St. Petersburg, Russia. He proposed that the logic of linear utility line should be the basis of all city lay-out. Leonardo da Vinci, Ebenezer Howard, and Daniel Burnham are not associated with this idea.

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21. First university town

Explanation

Vienna is considered the first university town because it is home to the University of Vienna, which was founded in 1365 and is one of the oldest universities in the German-speaking world. The university has a rich history and has been a center of academic excellence for centuries, attracting scholars and students from all over the world. Vienna's status as a university town is further enhanced by the presence of other renowned universities and research institutions in the city.

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22. Example of an ornament of a city

Explanation

Obelisks are often used as decorative ornaments in cities. They are tall, slender structures that are typically made of stone and have a pointed top. Obelisks are known for their architectural beauty and historical significance. They can be found in many cities around the world, serving as landmarks or symbols of cultural heritage. Due to their grandeur and distinctive shape, obelisks are a popular choice for adding aesthetic value to urban landscapes.

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23. A map showing locations and elevation of natural as well as man made features, relief, and vegetations.

Explanation

A topography map is a type of map that displays the locations and elevation of natural and man-made features, relief, and vegetation. It provides a detailed representation of the physical features of a specific area, including the shape and characteristics of the land surface. This type of map is commonly used in various fields such as geography, geology, and urban planning to analyze and understand the terrain and its features.

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24. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Explanation

The given statement is NOT true because according to Kevin Lynch's theory, nodes that enliven the street should be at intervals of 200-300 meters, not 100-150 meters.

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25. Disadvantage of grading by fill includes:

Explanation

Grading by fill involves using additional soil or material to raise the elevation of a site. The disadvantages listed – erosion, cost factors, and the possibility of settling, especially for large areas – are all associated with grading by fill. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above."

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26. Studies the urban space, the treatment of facades, pavements, roof line, street sculpture, and an analysis of the complexity of visual detail which distinguishes one place from another.

Explanation

Visual study is the correct answer because it involves the examination and analysis of various visual elements in urban spaces such as facades, pavements, roof lines, and street sculptures. This study helps in understanding the complexity of visual details that differentiate one place from another. It focuses on observing and interpreting the visual aspects of a location, which can be useful in urban design and planning processes.

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27. This urban quality offers a choice of experiences thru forms, uses, and meanings.

Explanation

This urban quality refers to the presence of diverse forms, uses, and meanings in a city. It means that the city offers a range of different experiences and options for its residents and visitors. This could include a variety of architectural styles, different types of spaces and functions, and a mix of cultural, social, and economic activities. The presence of variety in a city contributes to its vibrancy and attractiveness, as it allows people to have different choices and opportunities to engage with the urban environment.

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28. Areas that are covered by water or have water‐logged soils for long period during the growing season.

Explanation

Wetlands are areas that are covered by water or have water-logged soils for long periods during the growing season. They are characterized by the presence of water-tolerant plants and provide important habitats for a variety of wildlife. Wetlands play a crucial role in water purification, flood control, and nutrient cycling. They also serve as breeding grounds for many species of birds, fish, and amphibians. Due to their unique characteristics and functions, wetlands are recognized as valuable ecosystems that need to be protected and conserved.

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29. A Spanish "law of the indies" town classified as civil.

Explanation

A Spanish "law of the indies" town classified as civil is referred to as a "pueblo." In the context of Spanish colonial rule, a pueblo was a type of settlement that was governed by civil authorities rather than religious or military authorities. Pueblos were typically established in areas where indigenous populations lived, and they served as centers of administration, commerce, and agriculture. This classification distinguishes pueblos from other types of Spanish settlements such as missions (religious settlements), poblaciones (military settlements), and presidios (fortified military posts).

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30. An environment where there's a variety of sense experiences that users can enjoy.

Explanation

Richness refers to the presence of a wide range of sense experiences in an environment. This means that the environment offers diverse and immersive experiences that engage multiple senses of the users. A rich environment provides a variety of stimuli and sensory inputs, such as visual, auditory, tactile, and even olfactory, creating a more engaging and enjoyable user experience. It allows users to fully experience and explore the environment, making it more dynamic and stimulating.

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31. The systematic study of the form, shape, plan, structure, and function of the built fabric of towns and cities, and of the origin and the way in which this fabric has evolved over time.

Explanation

Urban morphology refers to the systematic study of the physical characteristics and patterns of urban areas, including their form, shape, structure, and function. It involves analyzing the built environment of cities and towns, as well as understanding how this fabric has developed and changed over time. This field of study helps to understand the evolution and organization of urban spaces and provides insights into the social, cultural, and historical factors that have shaped cities.

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32. Topography pertains to the following except:

Explanation



Topography refers to the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area. It includes elements such as contours, the pattern of landforms, and unique land features. However, land value is not a characteristic of topography; it is related to the economic assessment of the worth of a piece of land.
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33. [RA 7279] Refers to the rational approach of allocating available resources as equitably as possible among competing user groups and for different functions consistent with the development plan of the area and the program under this act.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Land use Plan." The given statement mentions the rational approach of allocating resources in a way that is equitable among competing user groups and functions. This aligns with the concept of a land use plan, which involves determining how different areas of land should be utilized for various purposes such as residential, commercial, industrial, or recreational. A land use plan helps ensure that resources are allocated in a manner consistent with the development plan of the area, as mentioned in the statement.

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34. A street pattern used in highly mountainous site following the contours of the topography.

Explanation

Meandering is the correct answer because it refers to a street pattern that follows the contours of the topography in a highly mountainous site. This type of street pattern is characterized by curved and winding roads that mimic the natural flow of the land. It is often used in hilly or mountainous areas to minimize the need for extensive grading and earthwork. The meandering pattern allows for a more harmonious integration of the streets with the surrounding landscape, creating a visually appealing and efficient road network.

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35. Secondary roads include:

Explanation

Secondary roads include avenues, boulevards, and minor roads. This means that all of the options listed above are types of secondary roads. Avenues and boulevards are typically larger, wider roads that often have multiple lanes and are designed to handle heavier traffic. Minor roads, on the other hand, are smaller, narrower roads that are often used for local access and have less traffic. Therefore, the correct answer is that all of the options mentioned (avenue, boulevard, and minor road) are included in the category of secondary roads.

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36. He wrote the book "The Disappearing City" and late "Broadacres".

Explanation

Frank Lloyd Wright is the correct answer because he is the only architect listed who wrote both "The Disappearing City" and "Broadacres." Lucio Costa is known for his involvement in the design of Brasília, Le Corbusier is known for his contributions to modern architecture, and Daniel Burnham is known for his work on the Plan of Chicago.

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37. Data gathering of site conditions, include the following except:

Explanation

The given options are all examples of data gathering methods for site conditions. Master plans and feasibility studies provide information about the overall development plans and potential of the site. Base and aerial maps, surveys help in understanding the physical characteristics of the site. Land use plans and zoning ordinances provide information about the permitted uses and regulations for the site. Therefore, all of the options listed are valid methods for data gathering of site conditions, and the correct answer is "None of the Above".

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38. Literally translate as 'green cloth'. It is a swath of lawn, usually rectilinear in shape, used to strengthen a visual axis or focus attention on an object. It can define an edge, serve as a form of contrast between the smooth texture of the ground plane and the surrounding plant materials, or function as an element of transition between buildings and the natural landscape.

Explanation

Tapis Vert is a French term that literally translates to "green cloth". It refers to a swath of lawn that is used to enhance the visual axis or draw attention to a specific object. This green space can serve multiple purposes such as defining an edge, creating contrast with surrounding plants, or acting as a transition between buildings and the natural landscape.

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39. The product of the grouping of elements, of emphasis, accent and direction. It is the sense of movement by the articulation of the members making up the composition.

Explanation

Rhythm refers to the sense of movement and flow created by the arrangement and articulation of elements in a composition. It is the product of grouping elements together, emphasizing certain elements, and directing the viewer's attention. Rhythm adds a dynamic quality to a composition and can create a sense of harmony and coherence. It can be achieved through repetition, alternation, progression, or variation of elements. In this context, rhythm is the most suitable answer as it best describes the concept of movement and articulation in a composition.

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40. It is the final grade after all landscape development has been completed

Explanation

The final grade after all landscape development has been completed is referred to as the "Finished Grade." This represents the desired and completed level of the ground surface once all construction and landscaping activities have been finished.

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41. The rehabilitation of deteriorating inner‐city housing with favorable locations relative to the CBD.

Explanation

Gentrification refers to the process of renovating and improving deteriorating urban areas, particularly inner-city neighborhoods, which are conveniently located near the central business district (CBD). This process often leads to an influx of wealthier residents, businesses, and amenities, resulting in increased property values and the displacement of lower-income residents. Gentrification typically involves the restoration of historic buildings, the introduction of upscale housing options, and the revitalization of local businesses and infrastructure.

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42. This affected the urban design of most towns during the medieval ages.

Explanation

During the medieval ages, feudalism was a dominant social and economic system. It involved a hierarchical structure where land was owned by the nobility and worked by peasants in exchange for protection. This system heavily influenced the urban design of towns as they were often centered around a castle or manor, with the surrounding land used for agriculture. The layout of towns was planned to accommodate the needs of the feudal lord and his retinue, with houses and buildings clustered around the central stronghold. Therefore, feudalism had a significant impact on the urban design of most towns during the medieval ages.

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43. [AO 363] It refer to specific sites for tourism development located in areas identified as priorities in the national and regional master plans as well as those designated through legislative and executive issuances as tourist spots and tourist zones which can be developed into tourism estates or integrated resort, leisure and recreation complexes, and other tourism related facilities.

Explanation

The given correct answer is "Tourism Development Areas". This refers to specific sites that are identified as priorities in national and regional master plans for tourism development. These areas are also designated through legislative and executive issuances as tourist spots and tourist zones. They have the potential to be developed into tourism estates or integrated resort, leisure, and recreation complexes, as well as other tourism-related facilities.

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44. Landscape elements include the following except:

Explanation



Landscape elements such as benches and lamp posts are commonly incorporated to improve the aesthetics, functionality, and safety of outdoor environments. However, CCTV cameras, while potentially installed in public spaces for security purposes, are not typically considered traditional landscape elements intended for aesthetic enhancement or functional utility in the same way as benches or lamp posts.
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45. For small project requiring only a limited water supply, possible sources are:

Explanation

The correct answer is "All of the above" because all the mentioned sources - cisterns, wells and springs, and surface impoundments - can be used as possible sources of water supply for small projects requiring limited water. Each of these sources has its own advantages and suitability depending on factors like availability, cost, and quality of water. Therefore, considering all the options mentioned would provide the most comprehensive and inclusive solution for obtaining water in such projects.

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46. Patrick Geddes coined this term to mean the conglomeration of town aggregates, describing the waves of population to large cities followed by overcrowding and slum formation.

Explanation

Patrick Geddes coined the term "connurbation" to describe the conglomeration of town aggregates. This term refers to the phenomenon of waves of population moving to large cities, which leads to overcrowding and the formation of slums.

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47. Parking lots should be located in an area where slope is below ______ otherwise grading is to be done.

Explanation

Parking lots should be located in an area where the slope is below 5%. If the slope exceeds 5%, grading is necessary to ensure a level surface for parking. Grading involves reshaping the land by adding or removing soil to create a flat or gently sloping surface. This is important for the safety and convenience of vehicles and pedestrians using the parking lot. A slope greater than 5% can make it difficult for vehicles to park or maneuver, and can also pose a safety hazard. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the slope of the area before locating a parking lot.

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48. The maximum distance a consumer is willing to travel to avail of a good or service beyond which people will look to another center.

Explanation

Market range refers to the maximum distance a consumer is willing to travel to avail of a good or service beyond which they will look for alternatives. It is a concept used in market area analysis, which involves determining the geographic boundaries of a market and understanding consumer behavior within that area. By identifying the market range, businesses can assess their potential customer base and make informed decisions about location and market targeting. The market range helps businesses understand the extent of their market reach and identify areas for expansion or competition.

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49. It is created by the erection of two walls, creating a space in between them, which is separated from the natura space around them.

Explanation

Internal space refers to a space that is created by erecting two walls, forming a separate area that is distinct from the natural space surrounding it. This term is commonly used in architecture to describe spaces within a building that are enclosed and separated from the exterior environment. Internal space is typically designed to serve a specific purpose or function, such as rooms within a house or office.

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50. The social function of the street can be analyzed in terms of the following:      i. who owns, uses and controls it      ii. Fast moving vehicles      iii. The purposes for which it was built      iv. Its changing social and economic function

Explanation

The social function of the street can be analyzed by considering who owns, uses, and controls it, the purposes for which it was built, and its changing social and economic function. These factors play a crucial role in understanding how the street functions as a social space and how it impacts the community. By analyzing ownership, usage, control, purposes, and changes in social and economic function, we can gain insights into the street's role in society and its impact on people's lives.

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51. An urban planning approach that puts priority on people and environment wherein the model is the traditional city neighborhood that existed before where workplaces, shops, and houses where within walking distance of each other.

Explanation

New urbanism is the correct answer because it refers to an urban planning approach that prioritizes people and the environment. It emphasizes creating neighborhoods where workplaces, shops, and houses are within walking distance of each other, similar to the traditional city neighborhood model. This approach aims to promote walkability, reduce dependence on cars, and create vibrant, sustainable communities. Garden City, Letchworth, and Welwyn are also urban planning concepts, but they do not specifically focus on the principles of new urbanism.

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52. [RA 7160] What is the effect of conversion of a Component City into a Highly‐Urbanized City?

Explanation

The correct answer is that the conversion of a component city into a highly-urbanized city shall make it independent of the province where it is geographically located. This means that the highly-urbanized city will no longer be under the jurisdiction or control of the province and will have its own local government and administration.

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53. He developed the neighborhood principle based in the natural catchment area of community facilities such as primary schools and local shops.

Explanation

Clarence Perry developed the neighborhood principle based on the natural catchment area of community facilities. This means that he believed that community facilities such as schools and shops should be located in close proximity to the neighborhoods they serve. This principle aims to create more accessible and walkable neighborhoods, where residents can easily access the services they need within a short distance from their homes. Perry's approach emphasizes the importance of planning communities that are convenient and conducive to the well-being of its residents.

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54. Growth in the proportion of a population living in Urban Areas.

Explanation

Urban sprawl refers to the uncontrolled expansion of urban areas into surrounding rural lands. It is characterized by the spread of low-density residential and commercial development, often resulting in the fragmentation of open space and the loss of agricultural land. The growth in the proportion of a population living in urban areas can be attributed to urban sprawl as it leads to the outward expansion of cities and the increase in the number of people residing in these areas. Urban sprawl can have various social, economic, and environmental implications, including increased traffic congestion, reduced air and water quality, and decreased access to green spaces.

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55. Environments which can be used for many different purposes supported by factors such as building depth, access and building height.

Explanation

Robustness refers to the ability of an environment to withstand various uses and functions. In this context, the given statement suggests that the environment can be utilized for multiple purposes due to factors like building depth, access, and building height. The term "robustness" implies that the environment is strong and resilient, capable of accommodating diverse activities without being easily compromised.

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56. Refers to an area with at least 200, 000 people and income of P50M or more.

Explanation

A highly urbanized city refers to an area with at least 200,000 people and an income of P50M or more. This means that the city has a large population and a high level of economic activity, making it highly developed and urbanized. It is likely to have advanced infrastructure, amenities, and services to cater to the needs of its residents.

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57. Ancient cities in Indus Valley well known for their impressive, organized and regular layout and had advanced and extensive drainage system.

Explanation

Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa are the correct answers because they are both ancient cities in the Indus Valley that are well-known for their impressive, organized, and regular layout. Additionally, they are known for having advanced and extensive drainage systems.

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58. Analysis of surface drainage pattern includes the following:      i. Amount of drainage      ii. Directions of drainage      iii. Flood zones      iv. Presence of acquifer

Explanation

The correct answer is i, ii, and iii. The analysis of surface drainage pattern includes evaluating the amount of drainage, the directions of drainage, and identifying flood zones. The presence of an aquifer is not included in the analysis of surface drainage pattern.

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59. Based on Abraham Maslow's Heirarchy of Human Needs, it is the need for affiliation and be a member of a group.

Explanation

According to Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs, belonging needs refer to the need for affiliation and the desire to be a part of a group. This need involves seeking social connections, forming relationships, and feeling accepted and valued by others. It is a fundamental human need that comes after physiological needs for survival and safety, and before esteem needs for recognition and self-worth. Meeting belonging needs can contribute to a sense of belonging, identity, and overall well-being.

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60. Refers to all cities regardless of their population density and to municipalities with a population density of at least 500 person per hectare.

Explanation

The term "urban area" refers to all cities, regardless of their population density. It includes municipalities with a population density of at least 500 persons per hectare. This means that any city, regardless of its size or population, can be considered part of an urban area as long as it meets the minimum population density requirement.

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61. Lines of a concentrated activity where ways and places are combined and where life and movement are intensified.

Explanation

Streets are the correct answer because they are the lines where various activities occur, such as transportation, commerce, and social interactions. Streets are the pathways that connect different places and allow movement and flow of people, vehicles, and goods. They are also the focal points of urban life, where various amenities and services are concentrated. Overall, streets are the key elements that create a sense of life and movement in a city or town.

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62. [RA 7279] It refers to the most reasonable price of land and shelter based on the needs and financial capability of program beneficiaries and appropriate financing schemes.

Explanation

The term "affordable cost" in this context refers to the price of land and shelter that is reasonable and within the financial means of the program beneficiaries. It takes into consideration their needs and financial capability, ensuring that they can afford the housing without facing excessive financial burden. This concept also includes appropriate financing schemes to make the cost even more manageable for the beneficiaries.

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63. Local microclimates also pertain to the following except:

Explanation

Local microclimates refer to the variations in climate that occur within a small area due to factors such as topography, vegetation, and human activities. Wind deflection and local breeze, as well as heat reflection and storage, are examples of local microclimatic phenomena. However, carbon emission is not directly related to local microclimates. Carbon emission is a measure of the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere, which contributes to global climate change. While local microclimates can influence the distribution of carbon emissions within a specific area, carbon emission itself is not a characteristic of local microclimates.

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64. One disadvantage of this street pattern is the eventual narrowness of certain lot frontages especially along the curvature.

Explanation

The street pattern of loops can have a disadvantage of eventually causing narrow lot frontages, especially along the curvature. As the loops curve and intersect, the shape of the lots can become irregular and narrower, which may limit the space available for buildings or landscaping. This can also affect the aesthetics of the neighborhood and potentially create challenges for parking and maneuvering vehicles.

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65. First documented settlement with streets with a narrow main street heading uphill and a wider terminal which might be a social spot.

Explanation

Khirokitia is the correct answer because it is the first documented settlement that fits the description provided. It had streets with a narrow main street heading uphill and a wider terminal, which could have served as a social spot. Jericho, Catalhoyuk, and Damascus are not the correct answers because they do not match the given description.

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66. He prepared the Greater London Plan of 1944

Explanation

Patrick Abercrombie is the correct answer because he is known for preparing the Greater London Plan of 1944. This plan was a comprehensive urban planning document that aimed to address the post-war housing crisis and improve the overall layout and design of London. Abercrombie's plan proposed the creation of new satellite towns, the preservation of green spaces, and the development of a comprehensive transportation network. His work had a significant impact on the development and modernization of London's urban landscape.

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67. Examples of physical factors that appear most to influence street use:      i. user density      ii. Land‐use mix      iii. Configuration      iv. Buildings

Explanation

The correct answer is i, ii, and iii. User density, land-use mix, and configuration are physical factors that have the most influence on street use. User density refers to the number of people using the street, which can affect the level of activity and interaction. Land-use mix refers to the variety of different activities and functions present on the street, which can attract different types of users. Configuration refers to the physical layout and design of the street, including factors such as width, sidewalks, and intersections, which can impact how people navigate and use the space.

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68. To avoid moisture and structural problem, storm water must be drained away from buildings. This is referred to as __________________.

Explanation

Positive drainage refers to the practice of directing storm water away from buildings to prevent moisture and structural issues. This is achieved by creating a slope or using drainage systems to ensure that water flows away from the building rather than accumulating near its foundation. Positive drainage is crucial in preventing water damage and maintaining the integrity of the building's structure.

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69. If a street or a section of a street is to possess the quality of enclosure, then it must be considered to have these three main elements:      i. an entrance      ii. Length      iii. The place itself      iv. A termination or exit

Explanation

The elements necessary for a street or section of a street to possess the quality of enclosure are an entrance, the place itself, and a termination or exit. The length of the street is not mentioned as one of the main elements. Therefore, the correct answer is i, iii, and iv.

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70. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Explanation

According to the given passage, Alberti believes that if a city is noble and powerful, its streets should be designed winding, rather than straight and broad, as this conveys a sense of greatness and majesty. The other statements are not mentioned in the passage and therefore cannot be determined as true or false based on the given information.

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71. Hammer, T‐junctions, and turn‐around are examples of __________________________________.

Explanation

Hammer, T-junctions, and turn-around are examples of streets. Streets are defined as public roads in a town or city, typically with houses or buildings on one or both sides. These examples all refer to specific types of street configurations or features commonly found in urban or suburban areas. A hammer is a type of street layout where multiple streets converge into a central point. T-junctions are streets that intersect at a right angle, resembling the letter "T". Turn-arounds are street features that allow vehicles to reverse direction without making a U-turn. Therefore, all of these examples fit the category of streets.

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72. Describes scenery or elements beyond the actual design that become and important or integral part of the composition. In Chinese gardens, it is described as jie jing, in Japanese landscapes shakkel and in Italian design as integrazione scenica.

Explanation

Borrowed view refers to the concept of incorporating elements from the surrounding environment into the design of a composition. It involves utilizing the scenery or elements beyond the actual design to enhance the overall composition. This technique is commonly used in Chinese gardens, where it is known as jie jing, in Japanese landscapes as shakkel, and in Italian design as integrazione scenica. By incorporating borrowed views, designers can create a sense of harmony and unity between the composition and its surroundings, blurring the boundaries between the man-made and natural elements.

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73. Which of the following statements are true according to Kevin Lynch?      i. A site varies in size, location, and characteristics.      ii. Every site is a unique interconnected web of things and activities          that has no limitations and offers possibilities      iii. A site in its own right is living, changing community of          plants and animals.      iv. A site and its own intended purpose are closely interrelated.

Explanation

According to Kevin Lynch, a site varies in size, location, and characteristics (statement i). He also believes that a site in its own right is a living, changing community of plants and animals (statement iii). Additionally, Lynch states that a site and its own intended purpose are closely interrelated (statement iv). Therefore, the correct answer is i, iii, and iv.

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74. Which of the following statements is true?

Explanation

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75. It is appropriate for large, relatively uncomplicated grading plans and may also be used to compute volumes of water in ponds and lakes. Mostly used by landscape architects because it is most accurate.

Explanation

The average end area method is appropriate for large, relatively uncomplicated grading plans and can also be used to compute volumes of water in ponds and lakes. This method is most accurate and is commonly used by landscape architects. It involves calculating the average elevation of the cross-sections at the beginning and end of the area being graded, and then using these average elevations to estimate the volume of earthwork required.

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76. According to him, the city was a totally designed system of main circulation arteries, a network of parks and clusters or focal buildings or building blocks of civic centers incl. city hall, a country court house, a library, an opera house, a museum, and a plaza.

Explanation

Daniel Burnham is the correct answer because he was an American architect and urban planner who is known for his work in designing cities. He believed in creating planned cities with organized circulation systems and focal points for civic buildings and public spaces. This aligns with the description given in the question about the city being a designed system with main circulation arteries, parks, and civic centers. Leonardo da Vinci, Ebenezer Howard, and Arturo Soria Y Mata were not known for their work in city planning.

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77. Which is not included in the elements of human settlements?

Explanation

The elements of human settlements typically include nature, man, and network. However, community is not included in the elements of human settlements. While community is an important aspect of human settlements, it is not considered as one of the fundamental elements.

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78. An overlay method of mapping natural determinants used to determine the suitability of a particular site for prospective land uses.

Explanation

Sieve-mapping is a method used to map natural determinants in order to assess the suitability of a site for various land uses. It involves analyzing and categorizing different factors such as soil type, topography, vegetation, and hydrology to determine the most appropriate uses for a particular area. This method allows for a comprehensive understanding of the site's characteristics and helps in making informed decisions regarding its potential uses.

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79. He postulated that land use diminish intensively in reverse relationship to increase distance.

Explanation

Von Thunen's theory of agricultural land use suggests that as distance from the market increases, the intensity of land use diminishes. This means that farmers will tend to use their land more intensively closer to the market, where transportation costs are lower and access to consumers is easier. As distance from the market increases, transportation costs increase and it becomes less profitable to use the land intensively. Therefore, von Thunen's theory explains the relationship between land use and distance from the market.

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80. The choice the environment represents to the user

Explanation

Permeability refers to the extent to which the environment allows for movement, connection, and interaction between different elements. In the context of user experience, permeability represents the degree to which the environment facilitates user engagement and navigation. It suggests that the environment is open and accessible, enabling users to easily navigate through it and interact with its elements. This concept is important in designing user-friendly environments that promote seamless interactions and positive user experiences.

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81. A spatial development concept that suggest that by investing heavily in capital intensive industries in the largest urban centers, government in developing countries can stimulate economic growth that will spread outward to generate regional development the economies of scale found in the largest cities.

Explanation

The growth pole concept suggests that by investing in capital intensive industries in major urban centers, governments in developing countries can stimulate economic growth. This growth will then spread outward and generate regional development, taking advantage of the economies of scale found in large cities. This concept focuses on creating specific areas of economic growth that act as "poles" and attract investment and development, which then spills over into surrounding regions.

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82. Approaches town planning as a science which includes planning and design as well as contributions from the sociologist, geographer, economist, demographer, politician, social anthropologist, ecologist, etc. all these he assembles into a total rational and human approach which he calls "Ekistics" ‐ the science of human settlements.

Explanation



Constantine Doxiadis was a Greek architect and town planner who developed the concept of "Ekistics." This interdisciplinary approach integrates insights from sociology, geography, economics, demography, politics, social anthropology, ecology, and other fields to create a comprehensive and rational framework for planning and designing human settlements.
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83. A study of the processes which might have affected the site, its formation, and the type of bedrock below the surface of the soil.

Explanation

Geotechnical refers to the study of the engineering behavior of the earth's materials, such as soil and rock, and how they interact with structures. In the context of the given question, the study of the processes that might have affected the site, its formation, and the type of bedrock below the surface of the soil would fall under the domain of geotechnical investigation. This involves assessing the stability, strength, and suitability of the site for construction or other purposes. Geotechnical investigations provide valuable information for designing foundations, evaluating slope stability, and mitigating potential geologic hazards.

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84. A variable of urban decoration where the environment is to have an understandable simple pattern of signs and clues.

Explanation

Unity refers to the state of being united or joined as a whole. In the context of urban decoration, unity means that all the elements and components of the environment are cohesive and harmonious, creating a sense of oneness and coherence. It implies that the signs and clues in the urban environment are designed in a way that they complement each other and work together to create a clear and understandable pattern. This ensures that the overall aesthetic and functional goals of the urban decoration are achieved, resulting in a visually pleasing and coherent environment.

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85. Suggested an Agropolitan approach of concentrating development activities in rural districts with from about 50, 000 to 150, 000 people.

Explanation

Friedman and Douglas proposed the Agropolitan approach, which focuses on concentrating development activities in rural districts with a population ranging from about 50,000 to 150,000 people. This approach aims to promote balanced regional development by stimulating economic growth and improving the quality of life in rural areas. By concentrating development in these districts, it is believed that it will help alleviate the issues associated with urbanization, such as overcrowding and inadequate infrastructure, while also providing opportunities for rural communities to thrive and prosper.

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86. Zoning takes the form of locally enacted ordinance which embodies among others, regulations affecting:      i. Density of residential development      ii. Uses allowed of disallowed in each zone or district      iii. Conditions for allowing them      iv. Deviations legally allowed from the requirements of the ordinance

Explanation

Zoning ordinances are local laws that regulate land use and development. They typically include regulations on the density of residential development, the allowed or disallowed uses in each zone or district, and the conditions for allowing those uses. They also outline any legally allowed deviations from the requirements of the ordinance. Therefore, the correct answer is i, iii, and iv.

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87. A survey technique used in moderate to large scale projects involving understanding the genius loci as a key to starting point.

Explanation

Historical analysis is the correct answer because it involves studying the past events, developments, and influences on a particular site or area. This technique helps in understanding the genius loci, which refers to the unique spirit or character of a place. By examining the historical context of a site, including its cultural, social, and architectural aspects, one can gain insights into its genius loci and use it as a starting point for the project. This approach is particularly useful in moderate to large-scale projects where a comprehensive understanding of the site's history is necessary.

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88. A consolidated rock material lying at various depths and below all points of the earth's surface.

Explanation

An acquifer is a type of underground rock material that contains water and is capable of storing and transmitting it. It is found at various depths below the earth's surface and is present everywhere. This explanation fits with the given description of a consolidated rock material lying below all points of the earth's surface. The other options, surficial geology, tectonic, and bedrock, do not specifically refer to underground rock material that contains water.

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89. Branch of geology dealing with the origin and nature of landforms with emphasis on erosional processes is referred to as ___________.

Explanation

The branch of geology that deals with the origin and nature of landforms with emphasis on erosional processes is referred to as geomorphology. A topography map, on the other hand, is a representation of the physical features of an area, including its landforms, elevation, and relief. While a topography map can be used to study geomorphology, it is not the same as the branch of geology itself.

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90. Equated with the term townscape ‐ the urban equivalent of landscape, comprising the visible forms of the built‐up areas; defined as the spatial pattern or "arrangement" of individual elements within a city system.

Explanation

Urban form refers to the physical layout and arrangement of buildings, streets, and other elements within a city. It encompasses the shape, size, and organization of urban spaces, as well as the overall aesthetic and functional characteristics of the built environment. This term is often used in the field of urban planning and design to describe the physical structure and configuration of urban areas. It is closely related to urban morphology, which focuses on the study of the form and structure of cities. Urban form plays a crucial role in shaping the identity, functionality, and livability of cities.

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91. The spirit of the place is referred to as ______________________.

Explanation

The term "spirit of the place" refers to the unique character, atmosphere, and essence of a specific location. "Urban Landscape" is the correct answer because it encompasses the physical features, structures, and design elements found in cities and urban areas. The urban landscape plays a significant role in shaping the spirit of a place by influencing the culture, lifestyle, and overall experience of the people who inhabit or visit that area.

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92. When a proposed contour is moved away from an existing slope.

Explanation

When a proposed contour is moved away from an existing slope, it is necessary to fill the gap between the existing slope and the proposed contour. This is done by adding fill material to raise the ground level and create a smooth transition between the slope and the proposed contour. Fill is commonly used in construction and landscaping to level uneven terrain and create a stable foundation for structures or landscaping features.

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93. Hot‐dry (Desert like) regions are known for the following characteristics:

Explanation

Hot-dry regions, also known as desert-like regions, are characterized by limited water supply, prevalent drying winds, and often intense cold at night. These regions have a scarcity of water, making it difficult for plants and animals to survive. The prevalent drying winds exacerbate the aridity of the region by increasing evaporation rates. Additionally, the lack of cloud cover in these regions allows heat to escape at night, resulting in cold temperatures. Therefore, the correct answer is "Drying winds are prevalent."

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94. He postulated the population increases in a geometric ration while food production increase arithmetically and that unless natural catastrophes, war or sexual restraint control population increase, worldwide famine or war will follow.

Explanation

Robert Malthus is the correct answer because he proposed the theory of population growth and its impact on resources. Malthus argued that population increases at a faster rate than food production, leading to a scarcity of resources. He believed that unless population growth is controlled through natural disasters, war, or sexual restraint, it will ultimately result in famine or war. Malthus' theory has been influential in the field of demography and has sparked debates about population control and resource sustainability.

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95. Inherent problems in the site may include the following except:

Explanation

The given options are all potential inherent problems in a site, except for abnormal grading. Abnormal grading refers to uneven or irregular slopes in the land, which can cause issues such as poor drainage, instability, or difficulty in construction. The other options, such as good drainage, difficult street pattern, and inefficient layout, are all examples of problems that can arise in a site but are not related to abnormal grading specifically.

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96. The distinctive identity of a particular place that results from the interaction of many factors including built form, people, activity, and history.

Explanation

Mixed use refers to the combination of different types of land uses, such as residential, commercial, and recreational, within a single development or neighborhood. This creates a diverse and vibrant environment where people can live, work, and play in close proximity. The presence of a mix of uses contributes to the overall character and identity of a place, as it reflects the interactions and activities of the people who live and visit there. This interaction of various factors, including built form, people, activity, and history, ultimately shapes the distinctive identity of a particular place.

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97. He proposed "La Ville Radieuse (Radiant City)" anchored on objective to decongest the centers of the cities by increasin their densities by building high on small part of the total ground area.

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

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98. It is best suited for lineal construction such as roads, paths, and utility trenching

Explanation

The contour area method is the best suited for lineal construction such as roads, paths, and utility trenching. This method involves calculating the volume of earthwork by dividing the area between two consecutive contour lines into trapezoidal or triangular sections. It is particularly useful when working with irregular terrain or when constructing linear features that follow the natural contours of the land. By using the contour area method, accurate calculations can be made to determine the amount of earthwork required for these types of projects.

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99. [AO 363] It refers to lands devoted to agricultural activity and not classified as mineral, forest, residential, commercial or industrial land.

Explanation

The correct answer is None of the Above. The statement in the question describes a category of land that is specifically excluded from the options provided. Fisheries land and agricultural land are both types of land that fall under the broader category of "lands devoted to agricultural activity," but they are not the only types. Therefore, the correct answer is None of the Above.

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100. For desert‐like regions, building consideration include:

Explanation

In desert-like regions, building considerations include grouping of rooms or structures around planted/irrigated courts, the provision of food and fodder storage, and recycling of wastewater. These measures are necessary to adapt to the arid environment and ensure the sustainability of the community. By grouping rooms or structures around planted/irrigated courts, the buildings can benefit from shade and cooler temperatures. The provision of food and fodder storage allows for the preservation of essential resources in a region where food scarcity may be an issue. Recycling wastewater helps to conserve water, which is crucial in desert regions where water is scarce. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above."

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The type of street pattern wherein the site is divided into square or...
The termination of a district or a seam between two communities.
A geographic area within which residents conveniently share the...
Building on level site are favorable because:
Rebirth of classical towns; piazza planning in Venice; grandeur in...
Which of the following statements is true?
[RA 7279] It refers to the process of land acquisition by exchanging...
The most important space found within the rules of the "Leyes de...
The first noted urban planner who introduced the grid system and the...
What became a major element of town planning and urban design during...
The most practical of street layout
Refers to the relationship of buildings and urban space to the size of...
The first Garden City designed by Raymond Unwin and Barry Parker in...
Throughout the rest of the year, the Philippines experiences the west...
[AO 363] It refers to a document embodying a set of policies...
[RA 7279] It refers to non‐agricultural lands urban and urbanized...
[AO 363] It refers to the delineation/division of a city/municipality...
Not a thematic or analytical map
The practice of forming beds of low‐growing foliage plants, all of...
He suggested the idea of "Linear City" from Cadiz, Spain across Europe...
First university town
Example of an ornament of a city
A map showing locations and elevation of natural as well as man made...
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
Disadvantage of grading by fill includes:
Studies the urban space, the treatment of facades, pavements, roof...
This urban quality offers a choice of experiences thru forms, uses,...
Areas that are covered by water or have water‐logged soils for long...
A Spanish "law of the indies" town classified as civil.
An environment where there's a variety of sense experiences that...
The systematic study of the form, shape, plan, structure, and function...
Topography pertains to the following except:
[RA 7279] Refers to the rational approach of allocating available...
A street pattern used in highly mountainous site following the...
Secondary roads include:
He wrote the book "The Disappearing City" and late...
Data gathering of site conditions, include the following except:
Literally translate as 'green cloth'. It is a swath of lawn,...
The product of the grouping of elements, of emphasis, accent and...
It is the final grade after all landscape development has been...
The rehabilitation of deteriorating inner‐city housing with...
This affected the urban design of most towns during the medieval ages.
[AO 363] It refer to specific sites for tourism development located in...
Landscape elements include the following except:
For small project requiring only a limited water supply, possible...
Patrick Geddes coined this term to mean the conglomeration of town...
Parking lots should be located in an area where slope is below ______...
The maximum distance a consumer is willing to travel to avail of a...
It is created by the erection of two walls, creating a space in...
The social function of the street can be analyzed in terms of the...
An urban planning approach that puts priority on people and...
[RA 7160] What is the effect of conversion of a Component City into a...
He developed the neighborhood principle based in the natural catchment...
Growth in the proportion of a population living in Urban Areas.
Environments which can be used for many different purposes supported...
Refers to an area with at least 200, 000 people and income of P50M or...
Ancient cities in Indus Valley well known for their impressive,...
Analysis of surface drainage pattern includes the following: ...
Based on Abraham Maslow's Heirarchy of Human Needs, it is the need...
Refers to all cities regardless of their population density and to...
Lines of a concentrated activity where ways and places are combined...
[RA 7279] It refers to the most reasonable price of land and shelter...
Local microclimates also pertain to the following except:
One disadvantage of this street pattern is the eventual narrowness of...
First documented settlement with streets with a narrow main street...
He prepared the Greater London Plan of 1944
Examples of physical factors that appear most to influence street...
To avoid moisture and structural problem, storm water must be drained...
If a street or a section of a street is to possess the quality of...
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
Hammer, T‐junctions, and turn‐around are examples of...
Describes scenery or elements beyond the actual design that become and...
Which of the following statements are true according to Kevin Lynch?...
Which of the following statements is true?
It is appropriate for large, relatively uncomplicated grading plans...
According to him, the city was a totally designed system of main...
Which is not included in the elements of human settlements?
An overlay method of mapping natural determinants used to determine...
He postulated that land use diminish intensively in reverse...
The choice the environment represents to the user
A spatial development concept that suggest that by investing heavily...
Approaches town planning as a science which includes planning and...
A study of the processes which might have affected the site, its...
A variable of urban decoration where the environment is to have an...
Suggested an Agropolitan approach of concentrating development...
Zoning takes the form of locally enacted ordinance which embodies...
A survey technique used in moderate to large scale projects involving...
A consolidated rock material lying at various depths and below all...
Branch of geology dealing with the origin and nature of landforms with...
Equated with the term townscape ‐ the urban equivalent of landscape,...
The spirit of the place is referred to as ______________________.
When a proposed contour is moved away from an existing slope.
Hot‐dry (Desert like) regions are known for the following...
He postulated the population increases in a geometric ration while...
Inherent problems in the site may include the following except:
The distinctive identity of a particular place that results from the...
He proposed "La Ville Radieuse (Radiant City)" anchored on...
It is best suited for lineal construction such as roads, paths, and...
[AO 363] It refers to lands devoted to agricultural activity and not...
For desert‐like regions, building consideration include:
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