Superior Mediastinum And Lungs - Block 3

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  • 1/33 Questions

    The mediastinal pleura is supplied by the phrenic nerve

    • True
    • False
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About This Quiz

This quiz titled 'Superior Mediastinum and Lungs - Block 3' assesses knowledge on the anatomical structures within the superior mediastinum, including its divisions and contents like the thymus, trachea, and esophagus. It is designed for medical students preparing for exams, enhancing understanding of thoracic anatomy relevant to clinical practices.

Superior Mediastinum And Lungs - Block 3 - Quiz

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  • 2. 
    The area above the line is called the _____________. - ProProfs

    The area above the line is called the _____________.

    • Middle Mediastinum

    • Gross Mediastinum

    • Superior Mediastium

    Correct Answer
    A. Superior Mediastium
    Explanation
    The area above the red line is called the superior mediastinum.

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  • 3. 

    The Angle of Louis or sternal angle separates the inferior from superior mediastinum at what two vertebrae?

    • T3 and T4

    • C4 and C5

    • T4 and T5

    • L3 and L4

    Correct Answer
    A. T4 and T5
    Explanation
    The Angle of Louis, also known as the sternal angle, is an anatomical landmark that separates the inferior and superior mediastinum. It is located at the level of the intervertebral disc between the fourth and fifth thoracic vertebrae (T4 and T5).

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  • 4. 

    The Glandular plane of the superior mediastinum consist of ________.

    • Aorta

    • Thymus

    • Superior vena cava

    • Thoracic duct

    Correct Answer
    A. Thymus
    Explanation
    The glandular plane of the superior mediastinum consists of the thymus. The thymus is a gland located in the upper chest region, behind the sternum. It plays a crucial role in the development and maturation of T-cells, which are important for the immune system. The thymus is most active during childhood and gradually decreases in size and function as a person ages. It is considered a part of the lymphatic system and is responsible for producing and releasing lymphocytes.

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  • 5. 

    Left recurrent laryngeal nerve passes inferior to the arch of aorta posterolateral to the ligamentum arteriosum, ascends to the larynx between trachea and esophagus.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The left recurrent laryngeal nerve does indeed pass inferior to the arch of the aorta and posterolateral to the ligamentum arteriosum. It then ascends to the larynx, positioning itself between the trachea and esophagus. Therefore, the statement is true.

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  • 6. 

    Phrenic nerve passes anterior to the root of the lungs and supplies mediastinal pleura and pericardium.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The phrenic nerve is a nerve that originates from the cervical spine and passes in front of the root of the lungs. It supplies the mediastinal pleura, which is the lining of the chest cavity, and the pericardium, which is the membrane surrounding the heart. Therefore, the statement that the phrenic nerve passes anterior to the root of the lungs and supplies the mediastinal pleura and pericardium is true.

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  • 7. 

    Which one of these statements are incorrect?

    • The visceral pleura is insensative to pain

    • The pulmonary plexus is located on the root of the lung

    • The left lung has 3 lobes and two fissures

    • Central part of th diaphragmatic pleura is supplied by the phrenic nerve

    Correct Answer
    A. The left lung has 3 lobes and two fissures
    Explanation
    The correct answer is that the left lung has 3 lobes and two fissures. This statement is incorrect because the left lung actually has 2 lobes and one fissure. The left lung is divided into the superior and inferior lobes by the oblique fissure, whereas the right lung has 3 lobes and 2 fissures (oblique and horizontal).

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  • 8. 

    Right recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around the subclavian artery and ascends between the trachea adn esophagus.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The statement is true because the right recurrent laryngeal nerve does indeed hook around the subclavian artery and then ascends between the trachea and esophagus. This anatomical arrangement is important for the nerve's function in innervating the muscles of the larynx and controlling vocal cord movement.

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  • 9. 

    The venous plane of the superior mediastinum consist of all of the following except?

    • Left and right brachiocephalic vein

    • Superior vena cava

    • Arch of azygos vein

    • Great saphenous vein

    Correct Answer
    A. Great saphenous vein
    Explanation
    The venous plane of the superior mediastinum consists of the left and right brachiocephalic veins, superior vena cava, and the arch of the azygos vein. The great saphenous vein, however, is not a part of the venous plane of the superior mediastinum. It is a superficial vein located in the lower limb and is not directly related to the structures in the superior mediastinum.

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  • 10. 

    The arch of the Azygos vein loops superiorly around th root of the right lung.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The arch of the Azygos vein does indeed loop superiorly around the root of the right lung. This anatomical structure can be seen in the human body and is a valid statement.

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  • 11. 

    All consist of branches of the aorta except:

    • Brachiocephalic trunk

    • Left subclavian artery

    • Right subclavian artery

    • Left common carotid artery

    Correct Answer
    A. Right subclavian artery
    Explanation
    The right subclavian artery is the correct answer because it is not a branch of the aorta. The brachiocephalic trunk, left subclavian artery, and left common carotid artery are all branches of the aorta. The right subclavian artery arises from the brachiocephalic trunk, which is the first branch of the aorta. Therefore, the right subclavian artery is the only option that does not fit the pattern of being a branch of the aorta.

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  • 12. 

    Characterictic of the Trachea:

    • Ends at the sternal angle

    • Descends anteriorly to the esophagus

    • Divides into left and right main bronchi

    • Terminates superior to the heart

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The trachea is a tube-like structure that extends from the larynx to the bronchi. It is located in the anterior part of the neck and chest. The trachea ends at the sternal angle, which is a landmark on the sternum. It descends anteriorly to the esophagus, which is located posteriorly. The trachea divides into the left and right main bronchi, which further branch into smaller bronchi. Finally, the trachea terminates superior to the heart, where it bifurcates into the bronchi. Therefore, all of the given statements are true characteristics of the trachea.

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  • 13. 

    The visceral plane of the superior mediastinum consist of ____________.

    • Trachea and esophagus

    • Trachea and larynx

    • Esophagus and larynx

    • Trachea, esophagus and larynx

    Correct Answer
    A. Trachea and esophagus
    Explanation
    The correct answer is trachea and esophagus. The visceral plane of the superior mediastinum refers to the area located in the upper part of the chest, between the sternum and the vertebral column. It contains the organs that are involved in respiration and digestion, such as the trachea (windpipe) and the esophagus (food pipe). The larynx (voice box) is not included in the visceral plane of the superior mediastinum.

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  • 14. 

    The superior vena cava shunts blood from structures superior to diaphargm with exceptions of heart and lungs(brochial veins).

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The superior vena cava is responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart. It receives blood from various structures located above the diaphragm, such as the head, neck, upper limbs, and chest wall. However, it does not receive blood from the heart and lungs, as they have their own separate pathways for blood circulation. Therefore, the statement that the superior vena cava shunts blood from structures superior to the diaphragm, with the exceptions of the heart and lungs, is true.

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  • 15. 

    Left recurrent laryngeal nerve is prone to injury due to aneurysm of the arch of aorta and involvement of esophageal and bronchogenic carcinoma, lymphadenopathy.  Symptoms can result in unilateral damage which causes ________________ and bilateral damage which causes: _________________.

    • Coughing; vomiting

    • Hoarseness; aphonia (loss of voice)

    • Mucus; thicker mucus

    • Wheezing and death

    Correct Answer
    A. Hoarseness; aphonia (loss of voice)
    Explanation
    The left recurrent laryngeal nerve is prone to injury due to the involvement of structures such as the arch of the aorta, esophagus, bronchogenic carcinoma, and lymphadenopathy. Unilateral damage to this nerve can result in hoarseness, while bilateral damage can lead to aphonia, which is a complete loss of voice.

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  • 16. 

    The carina is located inside the esophagus at its bifurcation.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Carina is located in the trachea.

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  • 17. 
    Which is incorrectly matched: - ProProfs

    Which is incorrectly matched:

    • A: Azygos vein

    • B: Superior vena cava

    • C: Pulmonary arteries

    • D: Pulmonary veins

    • All are correct

    Correct Answer
    A. All are correct
    Explanation
    The question asks for an incorrect match among the given options. However, the answer states that all the options are correct. This implies that there is no incorrect match among Azygos vein, Superior vena cava, Pulmonary arteries, and Pulmonary veins. Therefore, the answer suggests that all the options are correctly matched.

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  • 18. 

    The lymphatic plane of the superior mediastinum consist of __________

    • Descending aorta

    • Thoracic duct

    • Lymphatic ducts

    • No such thing

    Correct Answer
    A. Thoracic duct
    Explanation
    The lymphatic plane of the superior mediastinum consists of the thoracic duct. The thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body and is responsible for draining lymph from the lower body, left upper body, and left side of the head and neck. It runs through the superior mediastinum and eventually empties into the venous system near the junction of the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins. The other options listed, such as the descending aorta and lymphatic ducts, are not specifically part of the lymphatic plane of the superior mediastinum.

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  • 19. 

    The arch of the aorta ascends medial lateral to the right.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The arch of the aorta ascends posterolaterally to the right.

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  • 20. 

    Pain sensation from the costal pleura is referred to the thoracic adn abdominal walls. Irritation of mediastinal pleura is referred to the root of the nect and over the shoulder. Visceral pleura is sensative to pain.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    visceral pleura is INSENSATIVE TO PAIN

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  • 21. 
    Which structure is incorrectly named: - ProProfs

    Which structure is incorrectly named:

    • A: Left subclavian artery

    • B: left brachiocephalic vein

    • H: pulmonary veins

    • F: thoracic aorta

    Correct Answer
    A. H: pulmonary veins
    Explanation
    H is the bronchus

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  • 22. 

    During a Pericardiocenthesis the point of the needle should be inserted ____________  intercostal space near the sternum

    • 3rd and 4th

    • 5th and 6th

    • 7th and 8th

    • 9th

    Correct Answer
    A. 5th and 6th
    Explanation
    During a Pericardiocentesis, the point of the needle should be inserted in the 5th and 6th intercostal space near the sternum. This is the correct answer because the pericardial sac, which is the target for the procedure, is located in this area. By inserting the needle in the 5th and 6th intercostal space, healthcare professionals can safely access the pericardial sac to drain fluid or perform other necessary interventions.

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  • 23. 

    The cervical pleura is protected by the cervical.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The cervical pleura projects into the neck, not shielded by bony structures. Therefore, cervical pleura can be easily injured at thsi point. ie stabbing wounds.

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  • 24. 

    Irritation of phrenic nerve or tissues supplied by the nerve causes

    • Coughing

    • Hiccup reflex

    • Heaving breathing

    • Makes it hard to breathe

    Correct Answer
    A. Hiccup reflex
    Explanation
    When the phrenic nerve or the tissues it supplies become irritated, it can trigger the hiccup reflex. The phrenic nerve plays a crucial role in controlling the diaphragm, which is the main muscle involved in breathing. When irritated, the nerve can cause involuntary contractions of the diaphragm, leading to the characteristic sound and movement of hiccups. This irritation does not directly affect coughing or breathing difficulties, which are more commonly associated with other respiratory conditions. Therefore, the correct answer is the hiccup reflex.

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  • 25. 
    Name letters A and B  in picture - ProProfs

    Name letters A and B  in picture

    • Costal pleura; hilum of the lung

    • Cervical pleura; hilum of the lung

    • Cervical pleura; root of the lung

    • Phrenic pluera; root of the lung

    Correct Answer
    A. Cervical pleura; hilum of the lung
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "cervical pleura; hilum of the lung". The cervical pleura refers to the portion of the pleura that covers the neck region of the lung. The hilum of the lung is the area where the blood vessels, nerves, and bronchi enter and exit the lung. This is the most accurate description of the letters A and B in the picture.

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  • 26. 

    The arterial -nerous plane of the superior mediastenium consist of all of the following except ___________.

    • Brachiocephalic trunk

    • Left common carotid artery

    • Right common carotid artery

    • Left subclavian artery

    • Left vagus nerve

    • Right phrenic nerve

    Correct Answer
    A. Right common carotid artery
    Explanation
    right vagas nerve and left phrenic nerve are also part of the arterial nervous plane

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  • 27. 

    The costal pleura and the peripheral part ot he diaphragmatic pleura is suppled by the _____________ nerves.

    • Phrenic

    • Intercostal

    • Vagus

    • Diaphragmatic

    Correct Answer
    A. Intercostal
    Explanation
    The costal pleura and the peripheral part of the diaphragmatic pleura are supplied by the intercostal nerves. These nerves originate from the spinal cord and run along the spaces between the ribs. They provide sensory innervation to the intercostal muscles and the skin of the chest and abdomen. Since the costal pleura is located near the ribs and the diaphragmatic pleura is near the diaphragm, it makes sense that they would be supplied by the intercostal nerves.

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  • 28. 

    Costomediastinal is a potential pleural space where the pericardium is in direct contact with the posterir surface of the _____________.

    • Thoracic wall

    • Lungs

    • Heart

    • Sternal angle

    Correct Answer
    A. Thoracic wall
    Explanation
    The pericardium is a double-layered sac that surrounds the heart. The costomediastinal recess is a potential space located between the pericardium and the mediastinum. It is formed by the reflection of the parietal pleura onto the mediastinum. In this space, the pericardium is in direct contact with the posterior surface of the thoracic wall. Therefore, the correct answer is thoracic wall.

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  • 29. 

    The __________ pleura covers the root of the lung.

    • Visceral

    • Parietal

    • Costal

    • Diaphragmatic

    Correct Answer
    A. Parietal
    Explanation
    The parietal pleura covers the root of the lung. The parietal pleura is the outer layer of the pleura, which is a thin membrane that lines the chest cavity and covers the lungs. It is attached to the chest wall, ribs, and diaphragm. The visceral pleura, on the other hand, covers the surface of the lungs. The costal pleura refers to the part of the parietal pleura that lines the inner surface of the chest wall. The diaphragmatic pleura covers the diaphragm, which is the muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity.

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  • 30. 

    The thymus sit anteriorly to the ________________ and _____________.

    • Esophagus and trachea

    • Left brachiocephalic vein and aortic arch

    • Left brachiocephalic vein and trachea

    • Right subclavian vein and manibrium

    Correct Answer
    A. Left brachiocephalic vein and aortic arch
    Explanation
    The thymus is located in the anterior (front) part of the body. It sits in front of the left brachiocephalic vein and the aortic arch. This means that if you were looking at the thymus from the front, you would see it in front of these two structures. The other options do not accurately describe the position of the thymus in relation to these specific structures.

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  • 31. 

    Acute pleuritis is marked by a dull pain in chest.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Marked by a sharp stabbing pain.

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  • 32. 

    A patient comes into your office complaining of dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), you order an diagnotic radiograph.  Looking at the radiograph you notice his ______________crosses posterior to the esophagus.  This is known as _______________.

    • Left subclavian artery; retroesphogeal left subclavian artery

    • Right subclavian artery; retroesphogeal right subclavian artery

    • Brachiocephalic trunk; retroesphogeal brachiocephalic trunk

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Right subclavian artery; retroesphogeal right subclavian artery
  • 33. 

    Thoracocenthesis should be conducted at the _________ intercostal space;

    • 5th

    • 7th

    • 8th

    • 9th

    Correct Answer
    A. 9th
    Explanation
    Thoracocenthesis should be conducted at the 9th intercostal space. This is because the procedure involves inserting a needle or catheter into the pleural space, which is located between the ribs. The 9th intercostal space is a suitable location for this procedure as it provides access to the pleural space without causing damage to vital structures such as the lungs or major blood vessels. Additionally, the 9th intercostal space allows for effective drainage of fluid or air that may have accumulated in the pleural space.

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  • Current Version
  • May 10, 2024
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Nov 17, 2011
    Quiz Created by
    Jobusch

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