Student Presentations Of Chapter 7

Christians and Jews who shared the Bible with Muslims could be taxed by Muslims. This group of people is called "dhimmi". The term "dhimmi" refers to non-Muslims living in an Islamic state who are granted certain rights and protection in exchange for paying a special tax called "jizya". This tax was imposed on non-Muslims as a form of tribute and to differentiate them from Muslims. The concept of dhimmi was prevalent during the Umayyad Caliphate and other Islamic empires.

The correct answer is "mystics within Islam... responsible for expansion of Islam in southeastern Asia." This answer accurately describes Sufis, who are mystical practitioners within Islam. Sufis played a significant role in spreading Islam to Southeast Asia through their teachings and spiritual practices. They established Sufi orders and engaged in missionary activities, attracting followers and contributing to the growth of Islam in the region.

The term "Five Pillars" is commonly used to refer to the five religious duties that Muslims are required to fulfill. These duties include the declaration of faith (Shahada), prayer (Salat), giving to charity (Zakat), fasting during Ramadan (Sawm), and making a pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj). These pillars are considered essential acts of worship and serve as the foundation of the Islamic faith.

The term "Allah" refers to the Muslim God. It is the central concept in Islam, representing the one and only God worshiped by Muslims. Muslims believe that Allah is the creator and sustainer of the universe and that he is all-powerful, all-knowing, and merciful. The term "Allah" is used exclusively for God in the Islamic faith and is not used to refer to any other deity or concept.

The correct answer implies that the creation of the harem by the Abbasids led to the increasing seclusion of women from public life. This suggests that women were being confined to private spaces and were restricted from participating in public activities.

A harem is the best term for the given description because it refers to a house or section of a house that is specifically reserved for women members of a Muslim household. In this context, the term "harem" is commonly used to describe the living quarters of wives, concubines, and female relatives who are secluded from the outside world. The other options, such as concubine, consort, and eunuch, do not accurately capture the specific description provided.

The later Abbasid Empire experienced weaknesses due to factors such as imperial extravagance, succession disputes, and nomadic incursions. However, achievements in the sciences were not a cause for these weaknesses. This suggests that while the Abbasid Empire made significant advancements in various scientific fields, these achievements did not contribute to the decline or weaknesses of the empire.

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Ali is the correct answer because he was the 4th caliph and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad. He was meant to be the original successor of Muhammad but was considered too young at the time. He caused warfare between the Sunnis and Shi'a for not punishing the murderer of the 3rd caliph, Uthman.

The best explanation for the Shia Sunni split is that Ali, the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, is the central figure at the origin of the split. This split occurred after the death of Muhammad, when there was a dispute over who should succeed him as the leader of the Muslim community. Ali's supporters believed that he should be the rightful successor, while the Sunni majority believed that the leadership should be determined through consensus. This disagreement led to a division within the Islamic community, with the Shia and Sunni branches forming as a result.

Caliph Harun al-Rashid did not receive the gift of a war elephant from Charlemagne.

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Medina is the correct answer because it is the city where Muhammad fled to during the early years of Islam to escape persecution in Mecca. It was in Medina that Muhammad was able to establish a strong Muslim community and resolve the civil war between the tribes of Medina. This event, known as the Hijra, is considered a significant turning point in Islamic history.

Harsha was a 7th century north Indian ruler who built a large state. However, after his death in 646, the state declined.

Abbasid Caliph Al-Madhi is described as someone who established a taste for luxury and monumental building. This implies that he had a preference for opulence and grandeur, and he actively promoted the construction of large and impressive structures. This suggests that he prioritized the development of extravagant architectural projects and indulged in lavish lifestyles.

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Candidates for the throne recognized the need to build up personal armies, often of slave soldiers. This suggests that after the death of al-Rashid, there was a power struggle for the throne, and those vying for power understood that having their own armies would be crucial in securing their position. The mention of slave soldiers implies that individuals were willing to go to extreme measures, such as enslaving others, to strengthen their military forces and increase their chances of success in the civil wars.

Shia Muslims recognize the first three Caliphs after Mohammad, namely Abu Bakr, Umar, and Uthman. However, they do not recognize the fourth Caliph, Ali, as they believe that he should have been the immediate successor to Mohammad. Instead, they consider Ali to be the first rightful Imam. Therefore, the correct answer is 3, as the Shia do not recognize the third Caliph, Uthman.

The map does not provide any information about the earnings of Merchant Muslims and their Hindi counterparts. Therefore, it cannot be determined from the map whether Merchant Muslims outearn their Hindi counterparts or not.

The collapse of the cities was not a reason for the decline of the Abbasid dynasty by the ninth century C.E. The other options provide valid reasons for the decline. The difficulty of moving armies across the vast empire, the retention of regional identities by the population, and the difficulty of compelling local administrators to obey all contributed to the decline. However, the collapse of the cities did not play a significant role in the decline of the dynasty.

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After al-Rashid's death, a power struggle ensued between his sons al-Amin and al-Ma-mum, leading to several full-scale civil wars. This suggests that the division of the empire among his sons did not go as planned and instead resulted in conflict and instability within the empire.

Muslims were not successful in converting Indians to Islam. Despite ruling over large parts of India for several centuries, the majority of the Indian population did not convert to Islam. The Hindu majority in India remained steadfast in their faith, and many communities, such as the Sikhs and the Jains, also resisted conversion. The Muslim rulers' attempts to convert Indians through force or coercion were largely unsuccessful, and the majority of the Indian population continued to practice their own religions.

The decline of the cities leading to falling demand for food supplies was not a cause of the collapse of the agricultural economy during the Abbasid Caliphate. This implies that the cities did not experience a decline, and there was a steady demand for food supplies from urban areas.

During the Abbasid dynasty, there was no accepted rule of succession to the office of caliph. Unlike other dynasties where primogeniture or succession of the oldest son was the norm, the Abbasids did not have a fixed system in place. Instead, the caliphate was often contested and power struggles among different factions and families were common. This lack of a clear rule of succession led to instability and frequent changes in leadership during the Abbasid era.

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