1.
The function of the Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus is
Correct Answer
C. Controls eye movements
Explanation
The MLF's function is to control eye motion. The Medial Vestibulospinal tract controls neck postural adjustments. The Lateral vestibulospinal tract controls trunk postural adjustments. The DCML is responsible for discriminitive touch and the STT is responsible for fast pain.
2.
Which statement is NOT true about the Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR)?
Correct Answer
B. The STNR is a type of spinal cord reflex
Explanation
A,C,D, and E are all true, however the STNR is actually a type of brain stem reflex which is why B is false.
3.
Spinal Reflexes are the result of involuntary communication between Lower Motor Neurons and Upper Motor Neurons.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Spinal Reflexes are the results of involuntary communication between Lower Motor Neurons and SENSORY neurons, not Upper Motor Neurons. Upper Motor neurons may work to inhibit spinal reflexes, but they do not cause them.
4.
Which statement is true about the Myotatic Stretch Reflex?
Correct Answer
C. This ultimately results in the inhibition of the antagonist.
Explanation
A)is false because the MSR is a monosynaptic reflex, not polysynaptic. B) is false because only Ia sensory axons are fired. D) is false because the motor neurons are Alpha not Gamma. So C is the only true answer.
5.
Which tract(s) descends through the Lateral Funiculus?
Correct Answer
E. C & D
Explanation
It is not B because thee Spinothalamic tract actually ASCENDS through the anterolateral column. The Anterior (ventral) Corticospinal Tract descends through the anterior funiculus. Both the Lateral Corticospinal and Rubio spinal descend through the lateral funiculus.
6.
Which tract(s) decussates at the Medulla?
Correct Answer
E. A & D
Explanation
The STT(B) decussates at the level of the spinal cord. The Rubrospinal tract decussates at the midbrain. And while the Lateral corticospinal is descending and the DCML is ascending, they both decussate at the Medulla. The DCML crosses after synapsing at the nucleus cuneatus or gracilis. The Lateral Corticospinal crosses after passing through the medulla pyramid.
7.
You encounter a patient with Brown-Sequard Syndrome. His hemisection lesion is at the C6 level (right side). Which of the deficits listed below would you expect to see with this individual? You can select more than one.
Correct Answer(s)
B. Paralysis in his right lower extremeties
C. Loss of pain and temperature sensation on his left side below the lesion
E. Loss of discriminative touch on his right side below the lesion
Explanation
Paralysis occurs on the ipsilateral side of the lesion, in this case the right side. Loss of pain and temperature occurs on the side contralateral to the lesion (in this case the left side). Loss of discriminative touch occurs on the ipsilateral side (in this case the right side).
8.
Which statement is TRUE about the dorsolateral system tracts?
Correct Answer
B. Their function includes limb flexion and fine movements
Explanation
The correct answer is that the function of the dorsolateral system tracts includes limb flexion and fine movements. This means that these tracts are involved in controlling and coordinating the movements of limbs, allowing for precise and delicate movements as well as flexion of the limbs.
9.
The cell bodies of all descending spinal tracts are in the Motor Cortex.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The cell bodies of the Rubrospinal tract are in the red nucleus of the midbrain
10.
Children with Cerebral Palsy display strong ATNR and STNR may be due to...
Correct Answer
C. Bilateral symmetric malformation or swelling in the motor cortex
Explanation
The swelling or malformation in the motor cortex may prevent the cortex from inhibiting the ATNR and STNR. Damage to the lower motor neurons would affect spinal cord reflexes. A hemisection lesion in spinal cord would not affect ATNR or STNR. While certain types of CP are a result of damage to the Badal Ganglia, it is typically not related to the loss of dopamine.
11.
The Lateral Corticospinal Tract mostly synapses with interneurons in the spinal cord.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The LCT synapses with LMNs also, but mostly with interneurons.
12.
Because the Ventral/Anterior corticospinal tract descends ipsilaterally, it only affects the ipsilateral side.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
It does descend ipsilaterally, but then it has a bilateral projection at the leve of the spinal cord causing it to synapse with LMN bilaterally.
13.
Not all descending tracts decussate before synapsing at the level of the spinal cord.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The Lateral Vestibular Tract descends ipsilaterally the entire way from the vestibular nucleus to the spinal cord.
14.
Select all the tracts that are in the Ventralmedial System, which travel through the anterior funiculus. You can select more than one answer.
Correct Answer(s)
B. Medial Recticulospinal
E. Vestibulospinal
Explanation
A, C, and D are all part of the Dorsolateral system and pass through the lateral funiculus.
15.
The Lateral Corticospinal Tract exits the spinal cord at the...
Correct Answer
A. Ventral Root
Explanation
Because the Lateral Corticospinal Tract is a motor tract, it will synapse with a motor neuron that exits the spinal cord at the ventral horn.