The Ultimate Neuroscience Knowledge Test
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Neuroscience is the scientific study of the brain and its impact on cognitive functions and behavior. This multidisciplinary science combines many sub-fields such as molecular biology, anatomy, physiology, biology, cytology, etc. What do you know about this topic? Let's find out with this test.
- 1.Which of the following statements describes a way that a primary afferent is different from an alpha motor neuron
- A.
Primary afferents have their cell bodies in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
- B.
The trigger zone of primary afferents can be far from the cell body
- C.
Primary afferents use only graded potentials
- D.
Primary afferents are not myelinated
- 2.Sensory receptor cells
- A.
Communicate directly with efferents of the autonomic nervous system
- B.
Transmit information from the periphery to the CNS
- C.
Typically use action potentials to transmit information over long distances
- D.
Typically use graded potential to release neurotransmitters in proportion to the strength of stimulus
- 3.Which sensory modality can communicate directly with the cortex without intermediary processing by the thalamus?
- A.
Hearing
- B.
Smell
- C.
Taste
- D.
Touch
- E.
Vision
- 4.Which of the following is TRUE regarding the anatomy of sensation and perception
- A.
Perception is a function of cortical processing
- B.
Cranial nerve damage would alter sensation but not perception
- C.
Perception occurs in the PNS
- D.
Sensation can be influenced by brain injury while perception cannot
- 5.Which of the following is an example of integration with the somatic nervous
- A.
The vestibular system controlling ocular muscles
- B.
The smell of lavender causing feelings of calm
- C.
Pain causing an increase in heartrate
- D.
A salty taste causing salivation
- 6.Which of the following is NOT an example of adaptation?
- A.
The hot tub feeling painful at first but then normal after a few minutes
- B.
A loud noise causing the reflex turning of the head
- C.
Feeling your ring when you first put it on but not later in the day
- D.
Seeing better in darkness after a few minutes
- 7.Cranial nerves.....
- A.
Are bundles of afferents only
- B.
Branch off of the spinal cord
- C.
Have efferent and/or afferent components
- D.
Are bundles of efferents only
- 8.Which of the following statements is TRUE about taste buds?
- A.
Taste buds contain sensory cells that release neurotransmitters to gustatory afferents
- B.
Taste buds contain basal cells that release neurotransmitters to gustatory afferents
- C.
Taste buds are exposed to tastants at their basal pole
- D.
Taste buds are the little bumps on your tongue
- 9.What is the molecular mechanism behind the ability to taste sour?
- A.
Protons cause depolarization by entering sensory cells through sodium channels and by closing potassium channels
- B.
Protons cause depolarization of sensory cells by binding to GPCRs
- C.
Protons cause depolarization of sensory cells by blocking sodium channels
- D.
Protons cause depolarization by entering sensory cells through sodium channel by opening potassium channels
- 10.How are olfactory sensory cells different from gustatory sensory cells?
- A.
Olfactory sensory cells are nor found next to supporting cells
- B.
Olfactory sensory cells do not use GPCRs
- C.
Olfactory cells detect one odorant; taste cells can detect many tastants
- D.
Olfactory sensory cells are not depolarized by the molecules they sense
- 11.There are more types of odorant receptors than there are taste receptors
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 12.What is a glomerulus?
- A.
A synaptic location in the olfactory bulb that receives input from sensory cells with a particular odorant receptor
- B.
A unit of the olfactory bulb that is activated in response to a particular chemical feature on an odorant
- C.
A neural unit within the olfactory bulb whose relative activation is coded along with all of the others to elicit the perception of distinct smells
- D.
All of the above
- 13.Which of the basic tastes is involved with regulating levels of sodium in our body?
- A.
Salty
- B.
Sweet
- C.
Sour
- D.
Bitter
- E.
Umami
- 14.How does the unmami taste stimulate neurotransmission
- A.
Alkaloids bind to GPCRs, which stimulates hyperpolarization
- B.
Amino acids bind to GPCRs, which stimulates hyperpolarization
- C.
Alkaloids bind to GPCRs, which stimulates depolarization
- D.
Amino acids bind to GPCRs, which stimulates depolarization
- 15.Which cranial nerve is responsible for taste?
- A.
Olfactory nerve (I)
- B.
Optic Nerve (II)
- C.
Facial nerve (VII)
- D.
Vestibulochlear (VIII)
- 16.For a left side unilateral lesion of the thoracic (chest region) spinal cord, which of the following would be the observed pathology?
- A.
No pain in the right leg, no touch sensation in the right leg
- B.
No pain in the left leg, no touch sensation in the right leg
- C.
No pain in the right leg, no touch sensation in the left leg
- D.
No pain in the left leg, no touch sensation in the left leg
- 17.Why are we able to escape from a painful stimulus before we learn to avoid the action that caused the pain?
- A.
C fibers are faster than A-delta fibers
- B.
C fibers are slower than A-delta fibers
- C.
Pain signals are slowed by descending modulation
- D.
The spinothalamic tract is faster than the lemniscal tract
- 18.Which is the proper sequence of events in phototransduction within a rod or cone
- A.
Light activates opsin, opens sodium channels, depolarization
- B.
Light activities opsin, opens potassium channels, hyperpolarization
- C.
Light activities opsin, closes sodium channels, hyperpolarization
- D.
Light activities opsin, closes chloride channels, depolarization
- 19.Which retinal pathway destination is responsible for reflex control of pupil size
- A.
Hypothalamus
- B.
Pretectum/midbrain
- C.
Occipital lobe
- D.
Superior colliculus
- 20.After aunt Besty had her stroke, she could still see but her family taught her how to feel the cultery to be sure selecting the correct. She likely had damage to her
- A.
Hypothalamus
- B.
Inferior colliculus
- C.
Temporal lobe
- D.
Parietal lobe
- 21.If I keep my focus on a spot in front of me and turn my head to the left, the [Blank] rectus muscle in my right eye will contract
- A.
Lateral
- B.
Medial
- C.
Superior
- D.
Inferior
- 22.Eye movement and adjustment of vision occurs because my head movement has been sensed by
- A.
The semicircular canals
- B.
The cochlea
- C.
The utricle
- D.
The saccule
- 23.How do the sensory cells within the semicircular canals transduce the environmental stimulus?
- A.
Voltage gated sodium channel
- B.
Chemical activation of a GPCR
- C.
Mechanically gated ion channel
- D.
Closure of a chloride channel
- 24.Which of the following regarding sound transduction is TRUE?
- A.
High amplitude sound waves are detected toward the base of the cochlea
- B.
Low amplitude sound waves cause hair cell hyperpolarization
- C.
High frequency sound waves cause greater hair cell depolarization
- D.
The primary auditory cortex is organized according to sound wave frequency
- 25.Which of the following related population coding is FALSE?
- A.
Spinothalamic afferents can sense a range of temperature
- B.
Genetic loss of a single type of opsin affects perception of multiple colors
- C.
Taste sensory cells express one type of taste receptor
- D.
Olfactory sensory cells signal to organized areas of the olfactory bulb
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