Special Ed Final

A condition that is chronic refers to a long-lasting or persistent condition that does not have a known cure. It may require ongoing treatment and management to control symptoms and maintain quality of life. This is in contrast to acute conditions, which are short-term and episodic conditions that can be resolved with treatment. Therefore, chronic is the correct answer as it indicates an incurable condition that persists over time.

Autism is often characterized by restricted, repetitive, stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities. This means that individuals with autism may engage in repetitive behaviors or have specific interests that they focus on intensely. These patterns can be rigid and inflexible, and may interfere with their daily functioning. This is a key feature of autism and helps to differentiate it from other developmental disorders.

Asperger syndrome is a condition that is similar to autism but typically does not involve significant delays in cognitive and language development. Individuals with Asperger syndrome often have difficulties with social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. Unlike other conditions listed, such as Rett syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder, Asperger syndrome is characterized by normal or above-average intelligence and language skills.

Congenital anomalies are impairments that a child is born with. These anomalies can include structural or functional abnormalities that may affect various parts of the body. They are present at birth and can result from genetic factors, environmental exposures, or a combination of both. Congenital anomalies can vary in severity and may require medical intervention or ongoing treatment. Therefore, the term "congenital anomalies" is the most appropriate and accurate description for impairments that a child is born with.

The given answer, "all of the above," suggests that obeying authorities, regular school attendance, and having basic needs provided for are circumstances and life events that lower the risk of ED/BD and help children achieve success at school. These factors contribute to a stable and supportive environment for children, ensuring that they have the necessary resources, structure, and guidance to thrive academically. By obeying authorities, children learn discipline and respect, which can positively impact their behavior and performance in school. Regular school attendance ensures consistent learning opportunities, while having basic needs provided for, such as food, shelter, and healthcare, creates a foundation of stability and well-being that can enhance a child's ability to focus and succeed in their education.

The two broad dimensions of behavior disorders are externalizing and internalizing. Externalizing behaviors refer to outwardly directed behaviors such as aggression, disobedience, and hyperactivity. Internalizing behaviors, on the other hand, are inwardly directed behaviors such as withdrawal, anxiety, and depression. These dimensions help in categorizing and understanding different types of behavior disorders based on their manifestations and effects on individuals.

The term "genius" refers to individuals who possess exceptional aptitude or capacity in a specific area or possess rare intellectual powers. This term is used to describe individuals who demonstrate extraordinary intelligence, creativity, and talent in their field of expertise. Therefore, "genius" is the correct answer to the question.

The trend today in placement of children with ED/BD is towards inclusion in regular public schools. This means that these children are being placed in mainstream classrooms alongside their typically developing peers. This approach promotes social integration and provides opportunities for these children to learn in a general education setting. It also encourages acceptance and understanding among all students.

Children with a physical disability may experience various challenges related to their medical condition or overall health. This can include issues such as chronic pain, limited mobility, muscle weakness, impaired coordination, and difficulties with daily activities. These medical or health problems are often the primary distinguishing characteristic of children with physical disabilities, as they can significantly impact their overall well-being and quality of life.

Jeff is considered legally blind despite having 20/20 visual acuity because he has severely restricted peripheral vision. Visual acuity refers to the clarity of vision at a fixed distance, but it does not account for the ability to see objects outside the central field of view. In Jeff's case, his peripheral vision is severely limited, which affects his overall visual function and qualifies him as legally blind.

The correct answer is widespread use of vaccinations for babies. This answer is supported by the fact that most scientists argue against a link between vaccinations and autism. The increase in prevalence statistics for autism is likely due to a widening of the criteria used for diagnosis, a greater awareness of autism, and "diagnostic substitution" where individuals are diagnosed with autism rather than intellectual disability.

Blindness is the least prevalent disability among children. This means that compared to other disabilities, such as sensory disabilities, blindness is less common.

Blind individuals often develop enhanced sensory abilities in their other senses, such as hearing and touch. This heightened acuity allows them to compensate for their lack of vision and perceive the world in a different way. In the context of the question, blind people are likely to make better use of their heightened sensory acuity to appreciate and engage with music, rather than having superior musical ability inherently.

Asperger identified children who had average intelligence but channeled their intellectual pursuits into obsessive preoccupation in narrow areas. This means that these children had normal intelligence levels, but they tended to focus intensely on specific interests or topics, often to the exclusion of other activities or subjects. This characteristic is a key feature of Asperger's syndrome, which is a developmental disorder on the autism spectrum.

The correct answer is 3 to 5%. This range is based on federal reports and legislation, which have assumed that the prevalence of giftedness in the school population falls within this percentage. It suggests that a small portion of the student population is considered gifted.

During a seizure, it is important to ensure the safety of the student. This includes turning the child's face to the side to prevent choking on saliva or vomit, loosening clothing to allow for easier breathing, and allowing the child to sleep or rest after the seizure movements stop. However, inserting an object between the teeth is not recommended as it can cause injury to the student's mouth or jaw.

The question asks for the term that is commonly associated with special ability, aptitude, or accomplishment. Out of the given options, talent is the most fitting term as it encompasses the idea of possessing a natural or acquired ability or skill in a particular area. Creativity, genius, and insight can all be components of talent, but they do not fully capture the broad meaning of the term.

Standardized assessment tests are not used to identify ADHD. While a medical exam, clinician interviewing parents, and teacher and parent rating scales are commonly utilized to identify ADHD, standardized assessment tests are not typically part of the diagnostic process. These tests may be used to gather additional information or assess the severity of symptoms, but they are not the primary method for identifying ADHD.

The legal definition of blindness is determined by assessing an individual's visual acuity and field of vision. Visual acuity refers to the sharpness and clarity of vision, while field of vision refers to the extent of what can be seen in the peripheral vision. These two factors are crucial in determining the level of impairment and whether someone meets the criteria for legal blindness. Color perception and depth perception are not specifically mentioned in the legal definition of blindness, making them irrelevant to the assessment.

Children with cerebral palsy often have difficulties in perception, movement, and response speed, which can make it challenging to accurately assess their intelligence. These difficulties can affect their ability to understand and process information, as well as their motor skills and response time. Therefore, it is difficult to determine their intelligence level based on traditional assessment methods.

According to the U.S Department of Education, approximately 0.13% of students are identified as deaf or hard of hearing. This percentage represents a small portion of the student population, indicating that deafness or hearing impairment is relatively uncommon among students in the United States.

A 30dB hearing loss is generally considered mild because it falls within the range of mild hearing loss, which is typically defined as a loss of 26-40dB. This level of hearing loss may result in difficulty hearing soft or distant sounds, as well as understanding speech in noisy environments. However, individuals with mild hearing loss can often benefit from hearing aids or other assistive devices to improve their hearing abilities.

Giftedness is typically defined by superior intellectual ability, extraordinary capacity for leadership, and exceptional creativity in various domains. However, superior athletic ability is not typically included in the common elements of state definitions for giftedness. Therefore, the correct answer is superior athletic ability.

According to the federal government, less than 1% of the school-age population is identified for special education services under the category of "emotional disturbance". This means that a very small percentage of students are identified as needing special education services specifically for emotional disturbance.

Deafness is best defined as an inability to understand speech even with a hearing aid. This definition emphasizes the inability to comprehend spoken language, regardless of the use of assistive devices. It encompasses individuals who may have a significant hearing loss but are unable to effectively communicate through speech. This definition is more inclusive and recognizes the functional impact of deafness on communication abilities. The other options, such as a condition present from birth or a hearing loss of more than 90dB in at least one ear, do not capture the full scope of deafness as they focus on specific characteristics rather than the overall inability to understand speech.

Psychostimulants are the most frequently prescribed types of medication for students with ADHD. These medications work by increasing the levels of certain chemicals in the brain that help with focus, attention, and impulse control. They are effective in managing the symptoms of ADHD and improving academic performance. Depressants, mood enhancers, and psychotropics are not typically prescribed for ADHD as they do not target the specific symptoms of the disorder.

The correct answer is "have some vision." This is because the question states that the majority of people who are blind use braille, implying that they have some level of vision. If they were completely blind, they would not be able to read braille. Therefore, it can be inferred that they have at least some vision.

Students with ADHD receive special education services under the category of "other health impaired" because ADHD is considered a neurological disorder that affects a student's ability to concentrate, pay attention, and control impulsive behavior. This category includes students who have limited strength, vitality, or alertness, due to chronic or acute health problems, such as ADHD. Therefore, students with ADHD are eligible for special education services under the "other health impaired" category to ensure they receive the necessary support and accommodations to succeed in their education.

The correct answer is "predominantly hyperactive-inattentive type." This answer is the exception because it is not listed as one of the subdivisions of ADHD according to the American Psychiatric Association's diagnostic manual. The other three options (predominantly inattentive type, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type, and combined type) are all recognized subdivisions of ADHD.

Federal law does not mandate any specific services for students who are gifted. While students who are gifted have the same rights to receive an appropriate education as other students under IDEA, there are no specific services that are required to be provided to them. This means that schools are not obligated to offer any specialized programs or individualized services for gifted students under federal law.

Elise's hearing loss occurred during childhood, which suggests that it is not congenital (present at birth). The term "sensorineural" refers to a type of hearing loss caused by damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve, which is not specified in the question. "Conductive" hearing loss occurs when sound waves are unable to reach the inner ear, typically due to problems in the outer or middle ear. Since Elise's hearing loss is not described as either congenital, sensorineural, or conductive, the best description for her loss is "adventitious," which refers to a hearing loss that occurs after birth.

Simon's hearing loss occurred when he was seven years old, which means it happened after he had already developed language and speech skills. This indicates that his hearing loss is postlingual, as it refers to hearing loss that occurs after the development of language. Conductive hearing loss is typically caused by problems in the outer or middle ear, while sensorineural hearing loss is caused by damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve. Congenital hearing loss is present at birth, which does not apply to Simon's case.

Most definitions of ED/BD include the feature of socially unacceptable behavior. This means that individuals with ED/BD engage in behaviors that are considered inappropriate or unacceptable within a given social context. These behaviors may violate social norms, disrupt interpersonal relationships, or cause harm to oneself or others. The presence of socially unacceptable behavior is a key criterion used to diagnose and define ED/BD.

Kanner's research found that children with autism and children with schizophrenia could be differentiated in several ways. However, one of the ways in which they could not be set apart was that both groups exhibited bizarre, repetitive physical movements. Therefore, the correct answer is that children with schizophrenia did exhibit these movements, contrary to the other options.

The correct answer is "some symptoms causing impairment were present before three years of age." The other options all describe diagnostic criteria for ADHD, such as the persistence of symptoms for at least six months, impairment in at least two settings, and significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning. However, the presence of symptoms before the age of three is not a diagnostic criterion for ADHD.