Social Studies 10 Digital Midterm

Chateau Clique and Family Compact is an example of an oligarchy in the 1800s. Oligarchy refers to a system of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a small group of individuals or families. In the 1800s, the Chateau Clique and Family Compact were influential political networks in Upper Canada (now Ontario) and Lower Canada (now Quebec) respectively. They were composed of wealthy and powerful individuals who held significant control over the government and used their influence to maintain their own interests and suppress the rights and aspirations of the wider population.

The explanation for the given correct answer is that the rebellions in 1837 were indeed caused by the dissatisfaction of the merchants with the oligarchy. The merchants felt oppressed and marginalized by the oligarchy, which was a small group of wealthy and powerful individuals who held all the political and economic power. This led to widespread discontent among the merchants, eventually culminating in rebellions in 1837.

The statement suggests that immigrant women enjoyed a life similar to what they experienced in Europe, but the correct answer is false. This means that immigrant women did not have a life similar to their experiences in Europe.

In the 1800s, the lower classes in Ireland became heavily dependent on potatoes as their main crop. Potatoes were easy to grow, nutritious, and provided a high yield, making them an ideal staple food for the lower classes. The reliance on potatoes was so significant that when the potato blight struck in the mid-19th century, causing widespread crop failure, it led to the devastating Irish Potato Famine. This event resulted in mass starvation, disease, and the emigration of millions of Irish people.

Immigrant women often defined themselves in relation to their husbands, meaning that their identity and sense of self were closely tied to their marital status and the roles and expectations associated with being a wife. This can be attributed to traditional gender norms and cultural expectations that prioritize the husband's position as the head of the household and the wife's role as a supportive partner. This answer implies that immigrant women's self-perception and identity were influenced by their marital status.

In the 1800s, women were not seen as equal to men. They were largely confined to domestic roles and had limited rights and opportunities compared to men. Women's suffrage and the fight for gender equality did not gain significant momentum until the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Therefore, the statement that women were seen as equal to men in the 1800s is false.

The statement is true because Irish immigrants who came to Canada faced discrimination. During the 19th century, a large number of Irish people migrated to Canada, mainly due to the Great Famine in Ireland. However, they were met with prejudice and discrimination from the established British and French Canadian communities. The Irish faced challenges in finding employment, housing, and social acceptance. They were often portrayed as lazy, uneducated, and prone to criminal behavior. Discrimination against the Irish in Canada persisted for several decades, gradually diminishing over time.

In 1867, Canada's constitution was indeed called the British North America Act. This act was passed by the British Parliament and it established Canada as a federal dominion, granting it self-governance while still maintaining ties to the British Crown. The British North America Act served as the constitution for Canada until 1982, when it was patriated and renamed the Constitution Act, 1867. Therefore, the statement that Canada's constitution in 1867 was called the British North America Act is true.

During the era of immigration to North America, when people died onboard ships, they were often thrown overboard. This was a common practice due to limited space and resources on the ships. The bodies of the deceased were disposed of in this manner to prevent the spread of disease and to maintain hygiene onboard. Additionally, it was also a practical solution as it allowed the ship to continue its journey without the burden of carrying dead bodies.

The statement suggests that many immigrants who were not successful in Canada sailed back home. However, without any further information or context, it is not possible to determine the accuracy of this statement. Therefore, the answer is false as the statement is not supported by any evidence or facts.

Louis Joseph Papineau was the leader of the 1837 Rebellion in Lower Canada. He was a prominent politician and lawyer who advocated for the rights and autonomy of French Canadians. Papineau was known for his fiery speeches and his role in organizing the rebellion against the British colonial government. He fought for democratic reforms and was a key figure in the movement for responsible government. Papineau's leadership and his commitment to the cause made him a significant figure in Canadian history.

Honolulu, Hawaii is warmer than Vancouver primarily due to latitude. Latitude refers to the distance of a location from the equator. Honolulu is located closer to the equator than Vancouver, resulting in a warmer climate. As one moves farther away from the equator, towards higher latitudes, the average temperature tends to decrease. Therefore, the difference in latitude between Honolulu and Vancouver is the main reason for the temperature disparity between the two cities.

"Representation by population" refers to the allocation of seats in Parliament based on the number of male voters in a population. This means that the more male voters a population has, the more seats they will have in Parliament. This system ensures that each constituency is represented proportionally to the number of male voters it has, giving a fair distribution of political power.

An oligarchy is a type of rule where power is concentrated in the hands of a small, select group of people. In this form of government, a few individuals hold significant influence and decision-making authority. This group often consists of wealthy or influential individuals who maintain control over political, economic, and social affairs. Oligarchies are characterized by limited participation and representation of the general population, as power is primarily held by a privileged few.

The correct answer is Cordillera. The Cordillera region is a physiographical region in Canada that consists of a series of mountain ranges and plateaus. It is located on the western side of the country, stretching from British Columbia to the Yukon and Alaska. This region is known for its rugged terrain, including the Rocky Mountains, and is characterized by its diverse landscapes, including glaciers, forests, and deep valleys. Therefore, BC (British Columbia) is found in the Cordillera physiographical region.

The Lower Canadian reformers were concerned about the protection of their language and religion from the English. This suggests that they wanted to preserve their cultural identity and maintain their distinct language and religious practices in the face of English influence. This concern may have stemmed from a fear of assimilation or a desire to maintain their autonomy within the colony.

The correct answer is "Coffin Ships". This term refers to the ships that carried Irish immigrants to the North American colonies during the 19th century. These ships were given this name because of the extremely poor conditions onboard, which often led to high mortality rates during the long and arduous journey. The cramped and unsanitary conditions on these ships were likened to being inside a coffin, hence the name "Coffin Ships".

The Union Act is the correct answer because it was the act that created a unified Canada in 1840. This act united the provinces of Upper Canada (now Ontario) and Lower Canada (now Quebec) into a single entity called the Province of Canada. It aimed to address the political and economic tensions between the two provinces and create a more efficient and stable government. The Union Act laid the foundation for the future confederation of Canada in 1867.

Britain favored a Confederation of the British North American Colonies because it would allow British North America to sustain itself with less dependence on Britain. This means that the colonies would become more self-sufficient and less reliant on Britain for resources and support. This would benefit Britain by reducing the financial burden of supporting the colonies and allowing them to focus their resources and attention elsewhere.

Social Darwinism served the purpose of justifying colonialism for the British. This ideology, based on Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection, argued that certain races or societies were more advanced and fit to dominate others. British colonialists used this belief to justify their colonization and exploitation of other countries and peoples, claiming it was their duty to bring progress and civilization to "lesser" societies. By framing colonialism as a natural and necessary process, Social Darwinism provided a moral and intellectual justification for British imperialism.

The 5 organizing principles of geography are location, physical/cultural characteristics, change, interaction, and regions. These principles help geographers understand and analyze the world around them. Location refers to the specific position or coordinates of a place on the Earth's surface. Physical/cultural characteristics involve studying the physical features and human aspects of a place. Change refers to the dynamic nature of geography and how places evolve over time. Interaction refers to the relationships and connections between different places and people. Regions are areas that share common characteristics and can be defined by physical, cultural, or political boundaries.

The colonial office in Britain responded to the 92 Resolutions sent by the Legislative Assembly in Lower Canada by replying with ten resolutions denying the rights of the Assembly. This suggests that the colonial office rejected the demands and requests made by the Assembly, possibly in an attempt to maintain control and authority over the colony.

William Lyon Mackenzie led the rebellion in Upper Canada during the 1837 Rebellion. He was a prominent Canadian journalist and politician who was a strong advocate for democratic reforms and responsible government. Mackenzie organized and led the armed rebellion against the British colonial government in Upper Canada, seeking to overthrow the ruling elite and establish a more democratic system. Although the rebellion ultimately failed, it played a significant role in pushing for political reforms and setting the stage for future changes in Canada.

The mountain ranges in BC were formed by continental plate collision. This process occurs when two tectonic plates collide, causing the crust to buckle and fold, leading to the formation of mountains. In the case of BC, the collision between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate resulted in the creation of the Rocky Mountains and the Coast Mountains. This collision caused intense pressure and deformation of the rocks, leading to the uplift and formation of the mountain ranges in the region.

A Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that can be used for various purposes. It can establish latitude and longitude coordinates, which are essential for determining a specific location on the Earth's surface. GPS can also be used to survey land by accurately measuring distances and mapping terrain features. Additionally, GPS technology is used to monitor geological fault lines by tracking their movements and detecting any changes in their positions. Moreover, GPS can track wildlife movements by attaching GPS collars or tags to animals, allowing researchers to study their behavior and migration patterns. Therefore, all of the given options are valid uses of a GPS system.

The Legislative Assembly in Canada after 1791 was a government position gained through elections. This body represented the people and was responsible for making laws and decisions on behalf of the citizens. The Executive Council and Legislative Council were not gained through elections but rather appointed positions. The Governor General, although an important government position, was also not gained through elections but appointed by the monarch. Therefore, the only government position gained through an election in Canada after 1791 was the Legislative Assembly.

The Family Compact was a small group of influential individuals in Upper Canada during the early 19th century. They held significant political and economic power, and their members included wealthy landowners, leaders of the church, and members of the Executive Council. This group controlled many aspects of the government, making decisions that favored their own interests and limiting the influence of other social groups, such as the poor farmers and their wives.

The Fils de la Liberte were a reformist group that played a significant role in the very first incident of the 1837 Rebellion in Lower Canada. They were a secret society formed by French-Canadian patriots who sought political and social reforms. The Fils de la Liberte were known for their radical actions, such as organizing protests, boycotting British goods, and even resorting to violence. Their involvement in the rebellion marked the beginning of the resistance against British rule in Lower Canada.

The oligarchy in Upper Canada did not want public education for all. They preferred to keep education limited to the upper class and believed that the working class should not have access to the same level of education. This allowed the oligarchy to maintain their power and control over society.

During the early 19th century in Canada, the main economy of rural areas was primarily dependent on the fur trade. This industry involved the hunting and trapping of animals for their fur, which was highly valuable and in demand at the time. Fur traders would establish trading posts in remote areas, where they would exchange furs with Indigenous peoples and European settlers for various goods. The fur trade played a significant role in shaping the Canadian economy and was a major source of income for many rural communities during this period.

The modern day federal equivalent to Upper and Lower Canada's Legislative Assembly is the House of Commons. The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of Canada, where Members of Parliament are elected to represent the people and pass laws. This is similar to the Legislative Assembly in Upper and Lower Canada, which had elected representatives who were responsible for making laws and representing the interests of the people. The Senate, Cabinet, and Privy Council are not direct equivalents to the Legislative Assembly in this context.

The Charlottetown Conference was originally intended to discuss the idea of a Maritime Union. This refers to the possibility of merging the provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island into a single political entity. The conference took place in 1864 and was a significant step towards the eventual formation of Canada as a confederation. The idea of a Maritime Union was eventually expanded to include the other provinces, leading to the creation of the Dominion of Canada in 1867.

The statement is false because not all African Americans who came to Canada through the Underground Railroad were unwelcomed by Canadians. In fact, many Canadians, particularly abolitionists and members of the Black community, actively supported and welcomed these individuals, offering them refuge and assistance. The Underground Railroad was a network of secret routes and safe houses that helped enslaved African Americans escape to freedom in Canada. While there were certainly instances of racism and discrimination, it is incorrect to claim that all African Americans who came through the Underground Railroad were unwelcomed in Canada.

During the 1837 Rebellion, Upper Canadian rebels met at Montgomery's Tavern. This location was a popular meeting place for rebels who were seeking to overthrow the British colonial government. The tavern, located in Toronto, became a central hub for organizing and planning their rebellion. The rebels believed that by seizing control of Montgomery's Tavern, they could gain a strategic advantage in their fight against the British authorities. However, the rebellion ultimately failed, and the rebels were defeated by British forces.

In 1784, the land that surrounded Hudson Bay and was owned by the Hudson's Bay Company was called Rupert's Land. This term refers to the vast territory in present-day Canada that was granted to the Hudson's Bay Company by King Charles II in 1670. It was named after Prince Rupert of the Rhine, a cousin of the king and one of the company's original investors. Rupert's Land encompassed a significant portion of Canada, including parts of present-day Ontario, Quebec, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and the Northwest Territories.

Lord Durham's responsibilities in Canada were to solve the "Canadian Problem". This implies that his main task was to address the issues and conflicts that existed within Canada at that time. It suggests that he was tasked with finding a solution to the problems faced by the Canadian government, society, or economy. This could involve addressing political tensions, social inequalities, or economic challenges in order to bring stability and progress to Canada.

Vancouver has a smaller temperature range than Ottawa because of its closeness to water. Water bodies, such as oceans or lakes, have a moderating effect on temperature, meaning that they can absorb and release heat more slowly compared to land. This results in less extreme temperature fluctuations in areas near water. Vancouver is located on the coast of the Pacific Ocean, while Ottawa is further inland, away from large water bodies. Therefore, Vancouver benefits from the ocean's influence, leading to milder and more stable temperatures throughout the year.

The Fenians were a group of Irish Americans who threatened to attack the British North American Colonies. The Fenians were a secret society that emerged in the mid-19th century with the goal of establishing an independent Irish republic by force. They were particularly active in the United States and Canada, where they planned and carried out raids against British targets. Their actions and threats posed a significant threat to the British North American Colonies and their stability.

The Quebec Conference resulted in the creation of the 72 Resolutions. These resolutions were a series of proposals that outlined the terms for the union of the British North American colonies. They addressed various issues such as the division of powers between the central government and the provinces, the structure of the government, and the protection of minority rights. The 72 Resolutions laid the foundation for the eventual formation of Canada as a federal state under the British North America Act.

Lord Elgin's decision to keep his promises towards responsible government despite disagreeing with the Rebellion Losses Bill is significant for Canada. This demonstrates his commitment to upholding democratic principles and allowing the government to make decisions independently. By not interfering with the bill, Lord Elgin showed his respect for the authority of the elected officials and their ability to govern. This action helped to strengthen the foundation of responsible government in Canada and set a precedent for future leaders to follow.

Both William Lyon Mackenzie and Louis Joseph Papineau were involved in rebellions against their respective governments. However, they were eventually pardoned for their actions. This means that they were forgiven and their punishment was lifted. The fact that they were pardoned suggests that their governments recognized their role in the rebellions but chose to show mercy and allow them to return to society without further consequences.

During the Great Migration, many of the immigrants to Canada did not come from Eastern Europe.

The Underground Railway was not a series of underground tunnels that Black Americans took to get to Canada. It was actually a network of secret routes and safe houses established in the United States during the early to mid-19th century. The routes were used by enslaved African Americans to escape to free states and Canada with the help of abolitionists and other sympathetic individuals. The term "Underground Railroad" was used metaphorically to describe this covert network, as it operated in secrecy and aimed to transport individuals to freedom.

The Battle of Seven Oaks is significant because it marked the beginning of the struggle between the Metis and Canada. This battle, which took place in 1816, was a conflict between the Hudson's Bay Company and the North West Company, with the Metis playing a significant role. The battle resulted in the death of Robert Semple, the governor of the Hudson's Bay Company, and escalated tensions between the Metis and the Canadian government. It was a precursor to future conflicts and negotiations between the Metis and Canada, highlighting the ongoing struggle for recognition and rights.

The Battle of Seven Oaks was caused by the Pemmican Proclamation. The Pemmican Proclamation was a law passed by the Hudson's Bay Company that restricted the trade of pemmican, a vital food source for the Métis people. This proclamation angered the Métis, who relied heavily on pemmican for survival and trade. As a result, tensions escalated between the Métis and the Hudson's Bay Company, leading to the violent conflict known as the Battle of Seven Oaks in 1816.

The only victory for the Patriotes during the 1837 Rebellion was at St Denis.

Harriet Tubman is the correct answer because she was a prominent figure in the Underground Railroad, a network of secret routes and safe houses used by enslaved African Americans to escape to free states and Canada. Tubman herself was born into slavery and managed to escape, but instead of staying safe, she risked her life multiple times to help others flee to freedom. She became known as "Moses" to those she helped, leading them to safety and guiding them on their journey. Tubman's bravery and determination in helping thousands of Black slaves escape slavery make her the correct answer to this question.

The statement is false because the Seigneurs were not landed gentry from Britain. They were actually the feudal lords or landowners in the French-speaking regions of Europe, particularly in France and Quebec. They held significant power and authority over their lands and the people living on them.

The final draft of the Confederation Bill was drawn up in London.

The correct answer is Cholera, Sleeplessness, and Crowded Conditions. These are examples of the hardships faced on the journey from Ireland to Canada. Cholera was a common disease during that time and many people fell ill and died from it. Sleeplessness was a result of the uncomfortable and cramped conditions on the ships, making it difficult for people to rest and sleep properly. Crowded conditions refers to the overcrowded ships, where people were packed tightly together, leading to discomfort and lack of space. These factors contributed to the hardships endured by the Irish immigrants during their journey to Canada.