Science Chapter 7 Lesson 1 Air And Weather

A rain gauge is a weather instrument specifically designed to measure the amount of rainfall. It consists of a cylindrical container with markings indicating the amount of precipitation. When it rains, the water collects in the gauge, allowing you to determine the exact amount of rainfall. A thermometer measures temperature, wind refers to the movement of air, and a wind vane is used to determine the direction of the wind. None of these options are suitable for measuring rainfall, making the rain gauge the correct answer.

The correct answer is wind because wind is the movement of air. A barometer measures atmospheric pressure, humidity measures the amount of moisture in the air, and a wind vane indicates the direction of the wind, but none of these options actually refer to the movement of air itself.

A wind vane is a weather instrument that is used to determine the direction of the wind. It typically consists of a rotating arrow or pointer that is mounted on a vertical rod. The arrow points in the direction from which the wind is blowing. By observing the wind vane, one can easily determine the wind direction, which is important for various purposes such as weather forecasting, aviation, and sailing.

Air pressure refers to the force exerted by the weight of the air above a certain area. It is responsible for various atmospheric phenomena and affects weather patterns. The weight of the air above us creates pressure, which can be measured using a barometer. Humidity refers to the amount of moisture in the air, while wind is the movement of air. However, neither of these options accurately represents the weight of the air above us, making them incorrect answers.

Sleet and hail are examples of precipitation, which refers to any form of water that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface. Precipitation includes rain, snow, sleet, and hail. Sleet occurs when raindrops freeze into ice pellets before reaching the ground, while hail is formed when layers of ice build up in a thunderstorm cloud. Therefore, the correct answer is precipitation.

A barometer is a weather instrument used to measure air pressure. It is commonly used in meteorology to predict weather changes. By measuring the atmospheric pressure, a barometer can provide information about the current weather conditions and indicate whether the pressure is rising or falling, which can be indicative of future weather patterns. Therefore, a barometer is the correct answer to the question.

Humidity refers to the amount of water vapor present in the air. It is a measure of the moisture content in the atmosphere. Humidity levels can vary depending on factors such as temperature and location. It plays a crucial role in weather patterns and can affect human comfort and health.

The stratosphere is located directly above the troposphere in the atmosphere. It is the second layer of the Earth's atmosphere, extending from about 10 to 50 kilometers above the surface. This layer is characterized by a stable temperature profile, with temperatures increasing with altitude due to the presence of the ozone layer. The stratosphere plays a crucial role in protecting life on Earth by absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

The Earth's atmosphere is mainly composed of nitrogen and oxygen. Nitrogen makes up about 78% of the atmosphere, while oxygen accounts for approximately 21%. These two gases are essential for supporting life on Earth. Nitrogen is relatively inert and helps to dilute oxygen, preventing it from becoming too reactive. Oxygen, on the other hand, is necessary for respiration and combustion. Together, nitrogen and oxygen create a stable and breathable atmosphere that allows for the existence of various forms of life.

A thermometer is a weather instrument used to measure the temperature of the air. It consists of a glass tube filled with a liquid, usually mercury or alcohol, that expands or contracts depending on the temperature. The liquid level rises or falls in the tube, indicating the temperature. Therefore, a thermometer is the correct answer to the question as it is specifically designed to measure the hotness or coldness of the air.

An anemometer is used to measure wind speed. It consists of cups that rotate when the wind blows, and the speed of rotation is directly proportional to the wind speed. By measuring the rotation speed, the anemometer can accurately determine the wind speed. Therefore, the anemometer is the instrument specifically designed for this purpose, making it the correct answer.

Weather happens in the troposphere. This is the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere, extending up to about 10-15 kilometers from the surface. It is where most of the Earth's weather phenomena occur, such as clouds, precipitation, and storms. The troposphere is characterized by decreasing temperature with increasing altitude, and it is the layer where we live and where most of our weather observations and forecasting take place. The other layers of the atmosphere (stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere) are above the troposphere and have different characteristics and functions.