Respiratory Study Guide! Medical-surgical Nursing Quiz

Weight gain is not a sign or symptom of pulmonary TB because TB is typically associated with weight loss and a decrease in appetite. This is due to the infection causing a higher metabolic rate and increased energy expenditure. Therefore, weight gain would be inconsistent with the typical presentation of pulmonary TB.

The statement is true because viral pneumonia is caused by viruses, and there are no specific antiviral medications available to treat most viral infections. Therefore, the treatment mainly focuses on relieving symptoms and providing supportive care such as rest, hydration, and fever-reducing medications. Supportive care helps the body's immune system fight off the infection and manage the symptoms effectively.

Superinfection refers to the development of a new infection during the course of an ongoing infection. When large doses of antibiotics are administered, they can disrupt the normal balance of bacteria in the body, killing off both harmful and beneficial bacteria. This disruption can create an opportunity for other bacteria or fungi to multiply and cause a secondary infection. Therefore, it is true that superinfection may occur with the administration of very large doses of antibiotics.

Hydration is a necessary part of therapy for pneumonia because it helps to thin and loosen mucus, making it easier to cough up. It also helps to prevent dehydration, which can worsen symptoms and affect overall health. Hydration does not cause the lungs to fill with fluid; in fact, it helps to keep the respiratory system functioning properly. Therefore, the statement that hydration is not necessary for pneumonia therapy is false.

Atelectasis refers to the collapse or closure of a lung or a portion of it. It can occur as a complication of acute pneumonia at any stage. Pneumonia causes inflammation in the lungs, which can lead to the accumulation of fluid, mucus, and inflammation in the airways. This can result in the collapse of lung tissue, leading to atelectasis. Therefore, it is true that atelectasis may occur at any stage of acute pneumonia.

The patient's symptoms of tingling in the fingers, shortness of breath, restlessness, and pain beneath the breastbone are indicative of oxygen toxicity. Prolonged exposure to high levels of oxygen can lead to an excess buildup of oxygen in the body, causing damage to the lungs and other organs. This can result in symptoms such as respiratory distress, neurological symptoms like tingling or numbness, and chest pain. Therefore, it is important for the nurse to suspect oxygen toxicity in this case.

The correct answer is "People living in environments or social settings in which the risk of disease is low." This group of people does not require vaccination against pneumococcal infection because they are already in a low-risk environment where the chances of contracting the disease are minimal. On the other hand, people who are 65 years of age or older, people with functional or anatomic asplenia, and immunocompromised individuals are at a higher risk of infection and therefore should be vaccinated to protect themselves from pneumococcal infection.

Influenza is an acute viral disease that predictably and periodically causes worldwide epidemics. This viral infection is highly contagious and spreads easily through respiratory droplets. It affects the respiratory system, causing symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, and fatigue. Influenza viruses can rapidly mutate, leading to the emergence of new strains and making it necessary to develop new vaccines each year. The disease can be severe, especially in vulnerable populations such as the elderly, young children, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Effective prevention measures include vaccination, good hygiene practices, and antiviral medications.

The classification of the patient as a Class 3 on his last visit indicates that the patient has active TB disease.

Histotoxicity refers to the impaired ability of cells to utilize oxygen due to the presence of a toxic substance. This can lead to decreased gas exchange at the cellular level, as the cells are unable to effectively use oxygen for metabolic processes. This can have detrimental effects on various tissues and organs in the body.

A susceptible person becomes infected by inhaling mycobacterium bacilli, which are bacteria that cause diseases such as tuberculosis. When these bacilli are inhaled, they can enter the lungs and multiply, leading to an infection. This can happen when a person comes into contact with someone who is already infected with tuberculosis or by being in an environment where the bacteria are present, such as a crowded or poorly ventilated space. Once the bacteria enter the body, they can cause symptoms such as coughing, chest pain, and fatigue.

Pneumonia often affects both ventilation and diffusion. Ventilation refers to the process of air moving in and out of the lungs, while diffusion refers to the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air sacs in the lungs and the bloodstream. In pneumonia, the infection causes inflammation and fluid buildup in the lungs, which can impair both ventilation and diffusion. This can lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath and decreased oxygen levels in the blood.

The term "broncho lobar" is used to describe pneumonia that involves a substantial portion of one or more lobes. This suggests that the infection is not distributed in a patchy fashion, but rather affects a specific area of the lungs.

The physical findings that may indicate consolidation of lung tissue include fremitus, percussion dullness, bronchial breath sounds, egophony, and pectoriloquy. Fremitus refers to the vibration felt on palpation of the chest wall, which can be increased in areas of consolidation. Percussion dullness is a dull sound heard when tapping on a consolidated area of the lung. Bronchial breath sounds are abnormal sounds heard over a consolidated area, resembling the sounds heard over the trachea. Egophony is a change in the quality of voice sounds heard over a consolidated area. Pectoriloquy refers to the transmission of spoken words clearly and distinctly through a consolidated lung.

Prophylactic INH drug treatment is necessary for a period of 6 to 12 months. This treatment is used to prevent the development of tuberculosis in individuals who have been exposed to the bacteria. The duration of treatment is important to ensure that the infection is fully cleared from the body and to reduce the risk of recurrence. The range of 6 to 12 months allows for individual variations and ensures that the treatment is effective for different cases.

A significant purified protein derivative (PPD) reaction in a patient with normal or mildly impaired immunity indicates that the patient has been exposed to or has been vaccinated with the M. tuberculosis Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine. The BCG vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine derived from a strain of Mycobacterium bovis, which is closely related to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This vaccine is commonly used in many countries to prevent tuberculosis. The PPD test is used to detect the presence of a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to mycobacterial antigens, which indicates exposure to or vaccination with the BCG vaccine.

Tuberculosis Parenchyma is an infection that primarily affects the lung. The term "parenchyma" refers to the functional tissue of an organ, in this case, the lung. Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but can also spread to other parts of the body. The infection causes inflammation and damage to the lung tissue, leading to symptoms such as coughing, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. Treatment typically involves a combination of antibiotics taken over a long period of time.

The correct answer for the question is "INH Rifampin Pyrazinamide Ethabutol Myambutol". These are the five first-line medications used in TB therapy.

Pneumonia is a condition characterized by inflammation of the lung tissue, which is caused by a microbial agent. This means that pneumonia occurs when the lung tissue becomes inflamed due to an infection caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other microorganisms. The inflammation in the lung tissue leads to symptoms such as coughing, difficulty breathing, and chest pain. Treating pneumonia usually involves antibiotics or antiviral medications, depending on the specific microbial agent causing the infection.

The correct answer is "Community Hospital Immunocopromised Aspiration". These four categories are widely used to classify pneumonia based on different factors. "Community" refers to pneumonia acquired outside of a healthcare setting, "Hospital" refers to pneumonia acquired during a hospital stay, "Immunocompromised" refers to pneumonia in individuals with weakened immune systems, and "Aspiration" refers to pneumonia caused by inhaling foreign substances into the lungs.

The nursing interventions necessary for the care of a patient with pneumonia include ensuring airway patency, promoting rest and conserving energy, promoting fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, monitoring and managing potential complications, and promoting care at home and in the community. These interventions are important for maintaining the patient's respiratory function, preventing complications, and promoting recovery and overall well-being.

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