Quiz: Medical-surgical Nursing

25 Questions | By CBRCNursingRevie | Last updated: Jun 1, 2020 | Total Attempts: 6006

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Medical-surgical nursing is known as the foundation of nursing practice. Nurses practicing under this title are concerned with the care of adult patients who are in a broad range of medical conditions. And as for the USA, it is the single largest nursing specialty practicing in the country. This is a brief practice test on the same with twenty-five basic questions.

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Questions and Answers

1.

Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas that is characterized by recurring or persistent abdominal pain with or without steatorrhea. A nurse is providing dietary information to a client with pancreatitis. All of the following food should be avoided by the client, except:

Discuss
- A.
  
  Tea
- B.
  
  Nuts
- C.
  
  Coffee
- D.
  
  Spicy foods
2.

Addison’s disease is an endocrine disorder that develops when the adrenal glands are not able to produce enough cortisol. A client with Addison’s disease is receiving fludrocortisone acetate. The nurse knows that the therapeutic effect of this is to:

Discuss
- A.
  
  Stimulate thyroid gland production
- B.
  
  Activate parathyroid production
- C.
  
  Maintain electrolyte balance
- D.
  
  Activate the immune response
3.

Diabetic Mellitus is a disorder in which blood sugar levels are abnormally high because the body does not produce enough insulin to meet its needs. Discharge plan of diabetic clients includes insulin injection site-rotation. You should emphasize that the space between sites should be:

Discuss
- A.
  
  2.5 cm
- B.
  
  4.5 cm
- C.
  
  2.5 cm
- D.
  
  4.5 cm
4.

A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Because the client is at risk for hypoglycemia, the nurse teaches the client which of the following?

Discuss
- A.
  
  Glucose tablets and subcutaneous glucagon should be made available.
- B.
  
  If the client is exercising, the evening dose of NPH insulin can be discontinued.
- C.
  
  Urine should be monitored for presence of acetone.
- D.
  
  Assess for signs of coma and drowsiness.
5.

A nurse prepares discharge instructions for a patient with chronic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which statement indicates that the patient understands these instructions?

Discuss
- A.
  
  I will use a refractometer to check the specific gravity of my urine. If the result gradually rises, I will consult my physician.
- B.
  
  I’ll check my pulse every morning and will contact my doctor if it’s rapid or irregular.
- C.
  
  I have to avoid too much sodium intake. I will read all food tablets to make sure I don’t get too much of it in my diet.
- D.
  
  I will weigh every day and I will log it in a notebook. I will call my physician whenever I gain 2 lbs or more in a day without changing my eating habits.
6.

Ms. ALM has been diagnosed with Hashimoto’s disease, an autoimmune disorder. Which of the following signs and symptoms were most probably exhibited by the client that led to the diagnosis?

Discuss
- A.
  
  Increased appetite, weight loss, hyperdefecation..
- B.
  
  Increased urination, weight loss, increased thirst.
- C.
  
  Decreased appetite, weight gain, constipation.
- D.
  
  Increased urination, weight gain, and purplish red striae.
7.

A colostomy is a surgical procedure that brings the end of the large intestine through the abdominal wall. A nurse is demonstrating colostomy care to a client with a newly-created colostomy. The nurse demonstrates correct cutting of the appliance by making the opening how much larger than that of the client’s stoma?

Discuss
- A.
  
  ½ inch
- B.
  
  ¼ inch
- C.
  
  1/8 inch
- D.
  
  1/16 inch
8.

The Whipple procedure is the most common operation performed for pancreatic cancer and may be used to treat cancer and may be used to treat other cancers such as small bowel cancer. This procedure is done by:

Discuss
- A.
  
  Removing the head of the pancreas, most of the duodenum, portion of the bile duct and sometimes a portion of the stomach.
- B.
  
  Removing the duodenum, portion of liver and sometimes the portion of bile duct.
- C.
  
  Removing the head of pancreas, portion of liver and stomach.
- D.
  
  Remove the majority of pancreas and stomach.
9.

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is characterized by excess gastric acid secretion. It involves a break in continuity of the esophageal, gastric, or duodenal mucosa. The following are characteristics of gastric ulcer, except:

Discuss
- A.
  
  Melena more common than hematemesis.
- B.
  
  Decreased acid secretion.
- C.
  
  Recurrence unlikely after surgery.
- D.
  
  Has a malignancy potential (occurs in approximately 10% of clients).
10.

Hiatal hernia is a condition in which the upper portion of the stomach protrudes into the chest cavity through the opening of the diaphragm called the esophageal hiatus. A nurse is instructing a patient with hiatal hernia about the fluids that the client can drink that will less likely produce irritation to the gastric mucosa. Which of the following is the correct response of the nurse?

Discuss
- A.
  
  Tomato juice
- B.
  
  Pineapple juice
- C.
  
  Apple juice
- D.
  
  Grapefruit juice
11.

The primary use of the nasogastric tube is for feeding and for administering oral medications. A nurse teaches a postoperative client about the nasogastric tube that will be inserted in preparation for surgery. The nurse determines that the client understands when the tube will be removed in the postoperative period when the client states:

Discuss
- A.
  
  When I can swallow food without vomiting.
- B.
  
  When I’m comfortable eating solid food.
- C.
  
  When my GI system is completely healed.
- D.
  
  When my bowels begin to function again, and I begin to pass gas.
12.

Dumping syndrome is a term that refers to a constellation of vasomotor symptoms after eating, especially following a Billroth II procedure. A patient who has undergone a Billroth II operation may prevent may prevent experiencing dumping syndrome by:

Discuss
- A.
  
  Lying down after meals
- B.
  
  Drinking water after meals
- C.
  
  Stay in upright position after meals
- D.
  
  Bend over after meals
13.

The appendix is a small pouch attached to the large intestine. Appendicitis is characterized by inflammation of the appendix. A patient with appendicitis is at risk for developing:

Discuss
- A.
  
  Hemorrhage
- B.
  
  Pulmonary edema
- C.
  
  Peritonitis
- D.
  
  Bowel obstruction
14.

The physician prescribes an order for the nurse to discontinue a patient’s nasogastric tube. Before removing the tube, the nurse should:

Discuss
- A.
  
  Aspirate gastric contents to make sure that the residual volume is less than 50 ml
- B.
  
  Assess for client’s bowel sounds
- C.
  
  Make sure that the client is able to swallow and chew food
- D.
  
  Determine the integrity of the taste buds
15.

An ileostomy is a stoma that has been constructed by bringing the loop of the small intestine out on the surface of the skin. When assessing the client with a new ileostomy, the nurse knows that the effluent from the ileostomy should be:

Discuss
- A.
  
  Soft stool
- B.
  
  Pasty to soft stool
- C.
  
  Liquid to pastry stool
- D.
  
  Well-formed stool
16.

A client has a sliding esophageal hernia. The physician prescribes an H2-receptor antagonist. The nurse explains that H2 receptor antagonist works by:

Discuss
- A.
  
  Neutralizing the gastric acid.
- B.
  
  Inhibiting secretion of gastric acid by the parietal cells.
- C.
  
  Coating the mucus membrane of the esophagus and stomach.
- D.
  
  Decreasing the pressure in the lower esophageal sphincter (LES).
17.

Dietary planning for a client with ileostomy would include telling the client to:

Discuss
- A.
  
  Avoid high-fiber foods
- B.
  
  Restrict the amount of fluid intake
- C.
  
  Limit the calorie intake
- D.
  
  Encourage the patient to increase fluid intake
18.

A colostomy was created in a client who was diagnosed with colon cancer. During the first day post-op, the nurse does not find any measurable fecal drainage from the patient’s colostomy. What should the nurse do?

Discuss
- A.
  
  Continue the current plan of care
- B.
  
  Call the doctor immediately
- C.
  
  Irrigate the stoma
- D.
  
  Encourage the patient to increase fluid intake
19.

A client is admitted to the hospital after sustaining a fall from a roof. The client has plaster cast due to multiple lacerations and a right leg fracture. As the client’s nurse, you will position the client’s leg in which manner to promote optimal circulation?

Discuss
- A.
  
  Neutral position
- B.
  
  Flat for 3 hours and elevated for 1 hour
- C.
  
  Elevated on pillows continuously for 24 to 48 hours
- D.
  
  Elevated for 3 hours, and then flat for 1 hour
20.

Triage is used as a system to sort the injured so that the highest number of patients can be helped. A nurse is assigned to classify different illness and injuries into a different color-coding system. She saw a victim with a red tag. This tag indicates that the victim:
- A.
  
  Needs medical care at some point, after more critical injuries have been treated.
- B.
  
  Cannot survive without immediate treatment but has a chance of survival.
- C.
  
  Requires observation, the condition is stable for the moment and, not in immediate danger of death. They still need hospital care and would be treated immediately under normal circumstances.
- D.
  
  Is decreased and injuries are so extensive that they will not be able to survive given the available care.
21.

Poisoning results from the ingestion, inhalation, or absorption of agents that cause chemical actions that injure the body. Your neighbor called asking what she should do after her 4-year old daughter swallowed some meiotic acid. What advice should you give her?

Discuss
- A.
  
  Give her some Ipecac.
- B.
  
  Feed her some burnt bread.
- C.
  
  Give her some aspirin.
- D.
  
  Make her drink lots of water.
22.

Personal protective equipment is used to reduce the exposure to hazards. A nurse is preparing to change linens and clean a client who was incontinent of urine. The nurse wears which of the following protective items?

Discuss
- A.
  
  Gowns, shoe cover, gloves, and eyewear
- B.
  
  Mask and gloves
- C.
  
  Gowns and gloves
- D.
  
  Mask, gown and gloves
23.

A client with an acute respiratory infection is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of sinus tachycardia. The nurse develops a plan of care for the client and includes which intervention?

Discuss
- A.
  
  Limit oral and intravenous.
- B.
  
  Provide client with short, frequent walks.
- C.
  
  Eliminate sources of caffeine.
- D.
  
  Measuring the client’s pulse once each shift.
24.

Sepsis is a severe illness caused by an overwhelming infection of the bloodstream by toxin producing bacteria. What is the most common portal of entry for microorganisms associated with sepsis?

Discuss
- A.
  
  Respiratory tract
- B.
  
  GI tract skin
- C.
  
  Skin
- D.
  
  Urinary tract
25.

In an emergency situation like the occurrence of fire, which of the following should be done first by the nurse?

Discuss
- A.
  
  Extinguish the fire.
- B.
  
  Call the fire department and report the situation.
- C.
  
  Rescue the client and transfer to a safe place.
- D.
  
  Contain the fire.

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