Radiography: Radiobiology & Radiation Safety Ch 13

32 Questions | By Spoazzy1

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From book Radiography Essentials for Limited Practice 3rd Edition

Questions and Answers

1.

The conventional (British system) radiation unit for measuring patient dose is the:
- A.
  
  Roentgen
- B.
  
  Rem.
- C.
  
  Rad.
- D.
  
  Sievert
2.

What is the conventional (British system) radiation unit to express radiation intensity in air?
- A.
  
  Coulomb/kilogram (C/kg)
- B.
  
  Watt
- C.
  
  Ohm
- D.
  
  Roentgen
3.

The unit of the SI system used to measure the ionization of dry air nby an x-ray beam is:
- A.
  
  R.
- B.
  
  C/kg.
- C.
  
  Rad.
- D.
  
  Rem.
4.

The unit commonly used to report occupational dose to radiation workers in the United States is:
- A.
  
  MR
- B.
  
  Mrad
- C.
  
  Mrem
- D.
  
  MGy
5.

What is the conventional (British System) radiation unit of absorbed dose?
- A.
  
  Rad
- B.
  
  Roentgen
- C.
  
  Gray
- D.
  
  Rem
6.

How many rad are equivalent to one (1) Gy?
- A.
  
  10
- B.
  
  100
- C.
  
  1
- D.
  
  0.1
7.

A _________ is a number assigned to each type of radiation based on its relative biologic effect compared with x-rays.
- A.
  
  Quantity factor
- B.
  
  Quality factor
- C.
  
  Rem
- D.
  
  Sievert
8.

What is the "weighting factor" that is assigned to the equivalent dose (EqD)?
- A.
  
  The SI unit for expressing radiation exposure in human tissue
- B.
  
  The unit to express the rate in which radiation gives up its energy to human tissue
- C.
  
  A number assigned to each type of radiation based on the variation in biologic damage that is produced when an individual receives exposure from different types of radiation
- D.
  
  A comparison of exposure factors and patient dose, expressed as a numeric value
9.

In radiography, patient dose is usually calculated:
- A.
  
  At the target organ
- B.
  
  By using the personnel dosimeter worn on the collar
- C.
  
  In DNA
- D.
  
  At the skin
10.

Which of the following radiographic examinations typically delivers the greatest gonadal exposure?
- A.
  
  Chest
- B.
  
  Lumbar spine
- C.
  
  Femur
- D.
  
  KUB
11.

According to the Laws of Bergonie and Tribondeau, which of the following types of cells is most radiosensitive?
- A.
  
  Brain cells
- B.
  
  Embryonic tissue
- C.
  
  Cells of the gastric mucosa
- D.
  
  Skin cells
12.

Which of the following results from an indirect hit?
- A.
  
  Free radicals
- B.
  
  Enzymes
- C.
  
  DNA breakage
- D.
  
  Genetic damage
13.

Temporary molecules and parts of molecules that form because of radiation interacting with water and are toxic to human tissue are called:
- A.
  
  Deviant enzymes
- B.
  
  Extreme ions
- C.
  
  Antimatter
- D.
  
  Free radicals
14.

Which of the following cells would not be as vulnerable to x-rays?
- A.
  
  Thyroid cells
- B.
  
  Skin cells
- C.
  
  Nerve cells
- D.
  
  Blood cells
15.

What is a direct hit?
- A.
  
  Breakage of a DNA molecule as a result of an interaction with an x-ray photon
- B.
  
  Chemical decomposition of water that reults from an interaction with an x-ray photon
- C.
  
  Interruption of cell mitosis caused by an interaction with an x-ray photon
- D.
  
  Accurate x-ray centering combined with appropriate exposure factors.
16.

Which of the following types of radiation effect is typical of the risk to a patient undergoing a diagnostic x-ray examination?
- A.
  
  Short term effects
- B.
  
  Genetic effects
- C.
  
  Nonstochastic effects
- D.
  
  Stochastic effects
17.

Which of the following is a stochastic radiation effect?
- A.
  
  Breast cancer
- B.
  
  Erythema
- C.
  
  Decreased leukocyte count
- D.
  
  "radiation sickness"
18.
Which of the following occur with high radiation doses?
1. stochastic effects
2. short-term somatic effects
3. nonstochastic effects
- A.
  
  1 and 2 only
- B.
  
  1 and 3 only
- C.
  
  2 and 3 only
- D.
  
  1, 2, and 3
19.

What is erythema?
- A.
  
  Loss of hair caused by a high-radiation dose
- B.
  
  Loss of hair caused by long-term, low-radiation dose
- C.
  
  Reddening of the skin caused by high-radiation dose
- D.
  
  Reddening of the skin caused by long-term, low-radiation dose
20.

What is the guiding philosophy of radiation protection?
- A.
  
  ALRMA--as long as radiographs are made accessible
- B.
  
  ALARA--as low as reasonably achievable
- C.
  
  ALAIS--as long as ionizations are small
- D.
  
  ALAP--as low as possible
21.

Which of the following statements reflects current scientific opinion regarding the effects of diagnostic levels of ionizing radiation?
- A.
  
  It is carcinogenic after a certain number of examinations have been performed
- B.
  
  Spontaneous abortion will occur if the patient is pregnant
- C.
  
  Depression of the white blood cell count is followed by acute gastrointstinal distress
- D.
  
  Ther is increased risk of cancer, leukemia, birth defects, and cataracts.
22.

The EDE limit for whole-body dose of occupational radiation exposure for nonpregnant workers older thatn age 18 who are involved in radiation use is:
- A.
  
  1.25 rem per year
- B.
  
  5.0 mrem per year
- C.
  
  0.5 rem per year
- D.
  
  5.0 rem per year
23.
Which of the following are considered "low-dose techniques"?
1. using optimum kVp
2. using fast screens and fast film
3. Using a minimum SID of 40 inches
- A.
  
  1 and 2 only
- B.
  
  1 and 3 only
- C.
  
  2 and 3 only
- D.
  
  1,2, and 3
24.
Which of the following changes decrease patient dose?
1. using faster screens
2. increasing the kVp using the 15% rule
3. increasing the grid ratio to a 16:1 ratio
- A.
  
  1 and 2 only
- B.
  
  1 and 3 only
- C.
  
  2 and 3 only
- D.
  
  1, 2, and 3
25.
When radiation exposure occurs during pregnancy, the greatest risk of birth defects occurs when the exposure:
1. to the uterus exceeds r rad
2. occures within the first trimester of pregnancy
3. occurs within the third trimester of pregnancy
Discuss
- A.
  
  1 and 2 only
- B.
  
  1 and 3 only
- C.
  
  2 and 3 only
- D.
  
  1, 2, and 3
26.

One of the earliste changes seen in the body as a result of exposure to radiation is blood changes. At what radiation dose is this seen?
- A.
  
  25 rem (0.25 Sv)
- B.
  
  150 rem (1.5 Sv)
- C.
  
  200 rem (2.0 Sv)
- D.
  
  600 rem (6.0 Sv)
27.

Death occurs if the body recieves a whole-body exposure of how much radiation?
- A.
  
  150 rem (1.5 Sv)
- B.
  
  200 rem (2.0 Sv)
- C.
  
  300 rem (3.0 Sv)
- D.
  
  600 rem (6.0 Sv)
28.

Which radiographic examination gives the fetus the highest "fetal dose"?
- A.
  
  Chest
- B.
  
  Cervical spine
- C.
  
  Lumbar spine
- D.
  
  Pelvis
29.
Which of the following are nonstochastic radiation effects?
1. sauzyres followed by coma
2. erythema
3. radiation sickness
- A.
  
  1 and 2
- B.
  
  1 and 3
- C.
  
  2 and 3
- D.
  
  1,2, and 3
30.
The reduction of a limited operator's exposure to ionizing radiation can be accomplished by:
1. decreasing the time in the radiation field
2. increasing the distance from the radiation field
3. using low kVp exposure techniques
- A.
  
  1 and 2
- B.
  
  1 and 3
- C.
  
  2 and 3
- D.
  
  1,2, and 3
31.
Which of the following are considered low-dose techniques?
1. increasing kVp, decreasing mAs
2. Using slow intensifying screens
3. Using a minumum source-image distance of 40 inches
- A.
  
  1 and 2
- B.
  
  1 and 3
- C.
  
  2 and 3
- D.
  
  1,2, and 3
32.

Which of the following changes will decrease patient dose?
- A.
  
  Using a slower screen
- B.
  
  Decreasing the filtration
- C.
  
  Using high kVp techniques
- D.
  
  Using a 36-inch SID

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