From book Radiography Essentials for Limited Practice 3rd Edition
Roentgen
Rem.
Rad.
Sievert
Coulomb/kilogram (C/kg)
Watt
Ohm
Roentgen
R.
C/kg.
Rad.
Rem.
MR
Mrad
Mrem
MGy
Rad
Roentgen
Gray
Rem
10
100
1
0.1
Quantity factor
Quality factor
Rem
Sievert
The SI unit for expressing radiation exposure in human tissue
The unit to express the rate in which radiation gives up its energy to human tissue
A number assigned to each type of radiation based on the variation in biologic damage that is produced when an individual receives exposure from different types of radiation
A comparison of exposure factors and patient dose, expressed as a numeric value
At the target organ
By using the personnel dosimeter worn on the collar
In DNA
At the skin
Chest
Lumbar spine
Femur
KUB
Brain cells
Embryonic tissue
Cells of the gastric mucosa
Skin cells
Free radicals
Enzymes
DNA breakage
Genetic damage
Deviant enzymes
Extreme ions
Antimatter
Free radicals
Thyroid cells
Skin cells
Nerve cells
Blood cells
Breakage of a DNA molecule as a result of an interaction with an x-ray photon
Chemical decomposition of water that reults from an interaction with an x-ray photon
Interruption of cell mitosis caused by an interaction with an x-ray photon
Accurate x-ray centering combined with appropriate exposure factors.
Short term effects
Genetic effects
Nonstochastic effects
Stochastic effects
Breast cancer
Erythema
Decreased leukocyte count
"radiation sickness"
1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3
Loss of hair caused by a high-radiation dose
Loss of hair caused by long-term, low-radiation dose
Reddening of the skin caused by high-radiation dose
Reddening of the skin caused by long-term, low-radiation dose
ALRMA--as long as radiographs are made accessible
ALARA--as low as reasonably achievable
ALAIS--as long as ionizations are small
ALAP--as low as possible
It is carcinogenic after a certain number of examinations have been performed
Spontaneous abortion will occur if the patient is pregnant
Depression of the white blood cell count is followed by acute gastrointstinal distress
Ther is increased risk of cancer, leukemia, birth defects, and cataracts.
1.25 rem per year
5.0 mrem per year
0.5 rem per year
5.0 rem per year
1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3 only
1,2, and 3
1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3