Radiography: Radiobiology & Radiation Safety Ch 13
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From book Radiography Essentials for Limited Practice 3rd Edition
- 1.The conventional (British system) radiation unit for measuring patient dose is the:
- A.
Roentgen
- B.
Rem.
- C.
Rad.
- D.
Sievert
- 2.What is the conventional (British system) radiation unit to express radiation intensity in air?
- A.
Coulomb/kilogram (C/kg)
- B.
Watt
- C.
Ohm
- D.
Roentgen
- 3.The unit of the SI system used to measure the ionization of dry air nby an x-ray beam is:
- A.
R.
- B.
C/kg.
- C.
Rad.
- D.
Rem.
- 4.The unit commonly used to report occupational dose to radiation workers in the United States is:
- A.
MR
- B.
Mrad
- C.
Mrem
- D.
MGy
- 5.What is the conventional (British System) radiation unit of absorbed dose?
- A.
Rad
- B.
Roentgen
- C.
Gray
- D.
Rem
- 6.How many rad are equivalent to one (1) Gy?
- A.
10
- B.
100
- C.
1
- D.
0.1
- 7.A _________ is a number assigned to each type of radiation based on its relative biologic effect compared with x-rays.
- A.
Quantity factor
- B.
Quality factor
- C.
Rem
- D.
Sievert
- 8.What is the "weighting factor" that is assigned to the equivalent dose (EqD)?
- A.
The SI unit for expressing radiation exposure in human tissue
- B.
The unit to express the rate in which radiation gives up its energy to human tissue
- C.
A number assigned to each type of radiation based on the variation in biologic damage that is produced when an individual receives exposure from different types of radiation
- D.
A comparison of exposure factors and patient dose, expressed as a numeric value
- 9.In radiography, patient dose is usually calculated:
- A.
At the target organ
- B.
By using the personnel dosimeter worn on the collar
- C.
In DNA
- D.
At the skin
- 10.Which of the following radiographic examinations typically delivers the greatest gonadal exposure?
- A.
Chest
- B.
Lumbar spine
- C.
Femur
- D.
KUB
- 11.According to the Laws of Bergonie and Tribondeau, which of the following types of cells is most radiosensitive?
- A.
Brain cells
- B.
Embryonic tissue
- C.
Cells of the gastric mucosa
- D.
Skin cells
- 12.Which of the following results from an indirect hit?
- A.
Free radicals
- B.
Enzymes
- C.
DNA breakage
- D.
Genetic damage
- 13.Temporary molecules and parts of molecules that form because of radiation interacting with water and are toxic to human tissue are called:
- A.
Deviant enzymes
- B.
Extreme ions
- C.
Antimatter
- D.
Free radicals
- 14.Which of the following cells would not be as vulnerable to x-rays?
- A.
Thyroid cells
- B.
Skin cells
- C.
Nerve cells
- D.
Blood cells
- 15.What is a direct hit?
- A.
Breakage of a DNA molecule as a result of an interaction with an x-ray photon
- B.
Chemical decomposition of water that reults from an interaction with an x-ray photon
- C.
Interruption of cell mitosis caused by an interaction with an x-ray photon
- D.
Accurate x-ray centering combined with appropriate exposure factors.
- 16.Which of the following types of radiation effect is typical of the risk to a patient undergoing a diagnostic x-ray examination?
- A.
Short term effects
- B.
Genetic effects
- C.
Nonstochastic effects
- D.
Stochastic effects
- 17.Which of the following is a stochastic radiation effect?
- A.
Breast cancer
- B.
Erythema
- C.
Decreased leukocyte count
- D.
"radiation sickness"
- 18.Which of the following occur with high radiation doses?
- stochastic effects
- short-term somatic effects
- nonstochastic effects
- A.
1 and 2 only
- B.
1 and 3 only
- C.
2 and 3 only
- D.
1, 2, and 3
- 19.What is erythema?
- A.
Loss of hair caused by a high-radiation dose
- B.
Loss of hair caused by long-term, low-radiation dose
- C.
Reddening of the skin caused by high-radiation dose
- D.
Reddening of the skin caused by long-term, low-radiation dose
- 20.What is the guiding philosophy of radiation protection?
- A.
ALRMA--as long as radiographs are made accessible
- B.
ALARA--as low as reasonably achievable
- C.
ALAIS--as long as ionizations are small
- D.
ALAP--as low as possible
- 21.Which of the following statements reflects current scientific opinion regarding the effects of diagnostic levels of ionizing radiation?
- A.
It is carcinogenic after a certain number of examinations have been performed
- B.
Spontaneous abortion will occur if the patient is pregnant
- C.
Depression of the white blood cell count is followed by acute gastrointstinal distress
- D.
Ther is increased risk of cancer, leukemia, birth defects, and cataracts.
- 22.The EDE limit for whole-body dose of occupational radiation exposure for nonpregnant workers older thatn age 18 who are involved in radiation use is:
- A.
1.25 rem per year
- B.
5.0 mrem per year
- C.
0.5 rem per year
- D.
5.0 rem per year
- 23.Which of the following are considered "low-dose techniques"?
- using optimum kVp
- using fast screens and fast film
- Using a minimum SID of 40 inches
- A.
1 and 2 only
- B.
1 and 3 only
- C.
2 and 3 only
- D.
1,2, and 3
- 24.Which of the following changes decrease patient dose?
- using faster screens
- increasing the kVp using the 15% rule
- increasing the grid ratio to a 16:1 ratio
- A.
1 and 2 only
- B.
1 and 3 only
- C.
2 and 3 only
- D.
1, 2, and 3
- 25.When radiation exposure occurs during pregnancy, the greatest risk of birth defects occurs when the exposure:
- to the uterus exceeds r rad
- occures within the first trimester of pregnancy
- occurs within the third trimester of pregnancy
- A.
1 and 2 only
- B.
1 and 3 only
- C.
2 and 3 only
- D.
1, 2, and 3
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