Medical Terminology Quiz (Anatomy & Physiology) On Urinary System

1.

Inflammation of the renal interstitium:

A.

Pyelonephritis
B.

Interstitial nephritis
C.

Glomerulonephritis
D.

Volhard's nephritis

Correct Answer
B. Interstitial nephritis

Explanation
Interstitial nephritis refers to inflammation of the renal interstitium, which is the tissue surrounding the renal tubules in the kidney. This condition can be caused by various factors such as infections, medications, autoimmune diseases, or allergic reactions. It is characterized by infiltration of immune cells into the interstitium, leading to damage and dysfunction of the renal tubules. Symptoms may include fever, flank pain, blood in urine, and decreased urine output. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent further kidney damage and preserve renal function.

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2.

A group of symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in the urine (also called nephrosis):

A.

Reiter syndrome
B.

Sicca syndrome
C.

Klinefelter syndrome
D.

Nephrotic syndrome

Correct Answer
D. Nephrotic syndrome

Explanation
Nephrotic syndrome is a group of symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in the urine. It is characterized by swelling (edema), especially in the legs and ankles, high levels of protein in the urine (proteinuria), low levels of protein in the blood, and high cholesterol levels. This condition is typically caused by damage to the small blood vessels in the kidneys, leading to increased permeability and loss of protein. Treatment usually involves medications to reduce proteinuria and manage symptoms. Reiter syndrome is a condition characterized by joint pain, inflammation, and urinary symptoms. Sicca syndrome refers to dryness of the eyes and mouth. Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects males and is characterized by the presence of an extra X chromosome.

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3.

Malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood:

A.

Wilms' tumor
B.

Burkitt's tumor
C.

Ewing's tumor
D.

Buschke-loewenstein tumor

Correct Answer
A. Wilms' tumor

Explanation
Wilms' tumor is a correct answer because it is a malignant tumor that specifically occurs in childhood. It is the most common type of kidney cancer in children, typically diagnosed between the ages of 2 and 5. Wilms' tumor usually affects only one kidney and is characterized by a rapidly growing mass. It can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, swelling, and blood in the urine. Prompt diagnosis and treatment, which often involve surgery and chemotherapy, have significantly improved the prognosis for children with Wilms' tumor.

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4.

High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease:

A.

Renal crest
B.

Renal medullary necrosis
C.

Renal hypertension
D.

Renal diabetes mellitus

Correct Answer
C. Renal hypertension

Explanation
Renal hypertension is the correct answer because it refers to high blood pressure that is specifically caused by kidney disease. The term "renal" indicates that the condition is related to the kidneys, and "hypertension" refers to high blood pressure. Therefore, renal hypertension is the appropriate term to describe high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease. The other options, renal crest, renal medullary necrosis, and renal diabetes mellitus, do not specifically refer to high blood pressure caused by kidney disease.

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5.

Inadequate secretion or resistance of the kidney to the action of anti-diuretic hormone:

A.

Diabetes ketoacidosis
B.

Diabetic nephropathy
C.

Diabetic polyneuropathy
D.

Diabetes insipidus

Correct Answer
D. Diabetes insipidus

Explanation
Diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by inadequate secretion or resistance of the kidney to the action of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH). ADH is responsible for regulating the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys. In diabetes insipidus, there is a decrease in ADH production or the kidneys do not respond to it properly, leading to excessive urine production and thirst. This condition is different from other types of diabetes, such as diabetes ketoacidosis, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic polyneuropathy, which are associated with high blood sugar levels and different complications.

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6.

Contrast material is introduced directly into the bladder and ureters through a cystoscope, and x-rays are taken to determine the presence of stones or obstructions:

A.

Retrograde urography
B.

Retrograde pyelogram
C.

Retrograde urethrogram
D.

Retrograde cystography

Correct Answer
B. Retrograde pyelogram

Explanation
Retrograde pyelogram is the correct answer because it involves introducing contrast material directly into the bladder and ureters through a cystoscope, followed by taking x-rays to detect stones or obstructions. Retrograde urography involves the same procedure but focuses on the entire urinary tract, not just the bladder and ureters. Retrograde urethrogram involves introducing contrast material into the urethra, while retrograde cystography involves introducing contrast material into the bladder only.

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7.

Which of the following dialysis uses an artifiical kidney machine that receives waste-filled blood from the patient's blood stream, filters it, and returns the dialysed blood to the patient's body.

A.

Microdialysis
B.

Peritoneal dialysis
C.

Hemodialysis
D.

Vividialysis

Correct Answer
C. Hemodialysis

Explanation
Hemodialysis is the correct answer because it involves the use of an artificial kidney machine to filter waste-filled blood from the patient's bloodstream. The machine acts as a substitute for the kidneys, removing toxins and excess fluids from the blood and returning the clean, filtered blood back to the patient's body. This process helps to maintain the balance of electrolytes and remove waste products that the kidneys are unable to do efficiently.

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8.

This urine test reflects the concentration of the urine:

A.

Ketonuria
B.

PH
C.

Sediment rate
D.

Specific gravity

Correct Answer
D. Specific gravity

Explanation
The specific gravity of urine is a measure of its concentration. It indicates the amount of dissolved substances, such as salts, in the urine. A high specific gravity suggests concentrated urine, while a low specific gravity suggests diluted urine. Therefore, the specific gravity of urine can provide valuable information about the hydration status of an individual, as well as indicate certain medical conditions such as dehydration or kidney problems.

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9.

The hormone produced by pituitary gland that normally helps the renal tubules to reabsorb water back into the blood stream:

A.

Ketogenic hormone
B.

Antidiuretic hormone
C.

Interstitial-cell stimulating hormone
D.

Diuretic hormone

Correct Answer
B. Antidiuretic hormone

Explanation
The hormone produced by the pituitary gland that helps the renal tubules reabsorb water back into the bloodstream is the antidiuretic hormone. This hormone acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, reducing urine production and preventing excessive water loss from the body.

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10.

Expand CAPD:

A.

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
B.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
C.

Chronic on Acute Periodontal Disease
D.

None of the above

Correct Answer
A. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Explanation
The correct answer is continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. This is a type of dialysis that is used to treat kidney failure. It involves the continuous infusion of dialysis fluid into the peritoneal cavity, which is then drained out after a certain period of time. This process helps remove waste products and excess fluid from the body. It is called "ambulatory" because the patient can perform their daily activities while undergoing dialysis.

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