Medical Terminology Quiz (Anatomy & Physiology) On Urinary System

Renal hypertension is the correct answer because it refers to high blood pressure that is specifically caused by kidney disease. The term "renal" indicates that the condition is related to the kidneys, and "hypertension" refers to high blood pressure. Therefore, renal hypertension is the appropriate term to describe high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease. The other options, renal crest, renal medullary necrosis, and renal diabetes mellitus, do not specifically refer to high blood pressure caused by kidney disease.

Hemodialysis is the correct answer because it involves the use of an artificial kidney machine to filter waste-filled blood from the patient's bloodstream. The machine acts as a substitute for the kidneys, removing toxins and excess fluids from the blood and returning the clean, filtered blood back to the patient's body. This process helps to maintain the balance of electrolytes and remove waste products that the kidneys are unable to do efficiently.

Nephrotic syndrome is a group of symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in the urine. It is characterized by swelling (edema), especially in the legs and ankles, high levels of protein in the urine (proteinuria), low levels of protein in the blood, and high cholesterol levels. This condition is typically caused by damage to the small blood vessels in the kidneys, leading to increased permeability and loss of protein. Treatment usually involves medications to reduce proteinuria and manage symptoms. Reiter syndrome is a condition characterized by joint pain, inflammation, and urinary symptoms. Sicca syndrome refers to dryness of the eyes and mouth. Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects males and is characterized by the presence of an extra X chromosome.

Interstitial nephritis refers to inflammation of the renal interstitium, which is the tissue surrounding the renal tubules in the kidney. This condition can be caused by various factors such as infections, medications, autoimmune diseases, or allergic reactions. It is characterized by infiltration of immune cells into the interstitium, leading to damage and dysfunction of the renal tubules. Symptoms may include fever, flank pain, blood in urine, and decreased urine output. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent further kidney damage and preserve renal function.

The hormone produced by the pituitary gland that helps the renal tubules reabsorb water back into the bloodstream is the antidiuretic hormone. This hormone acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, reducing urine production and preventing excessive water loss from the body.

The correct answer is continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. This is a type of dialysis that is used to treat kidney failure. It involves the continuous infusion of dialysis fluid into the peritoneal cavity, which is then drained out after a certain period of time. This process helps remove waste products and excess fluid from the body. It is called "ambulatory" because the patient can perform their daily activities while undergoing dialysis.

Wilms' tumor is a correct answer because it is a malignant tumor that specifically occurs in childhood. It is the most common type of kidney cancer in children, typically diagnosed between the ages of 2 and 5. Wilms' tumor usually affects only one kidney and is characterized by a rapidly growing mass. It can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, swelling, and blood in the urine. Prompt diagnosis and treatment, which often involve surgery and chemotherapy, have significantly improved the prognosis for children with Wilms' tumor.

Diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by inadequate secretion or resistance of the kidney to the action of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH). ADH is responsible for regulating the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys. In diabetes insipidus, there is a decrease in ADH production or the kidneys do not respond to it properly, leading to excessive urine production and thirst. This condition is different from other types of diabetes, such as diabetes ketoacidosis, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic polyneuropathy, which are associated with high blood sugar levels and different complications.

The specific gravity of urine is a measure of its concentration. It indicates the amount of dissolved substances, such as salts, in the urine. A high specific gravity suggests concentrated urine, while a low specific gravity suggests diluted urine. Therefore, the specific gravity of urine can provide valuable information about the hydration status of an individual, as well as indicate certain medical conditions such as dehydration or kidney problems.

Retrograde pyelogram is the correct answer because it involves introducing contrast material directly into the bladder and ureters through a cystoscope, followed by taking x-rays to detect stones or obstructions. Retrograde urography involves the same procedure but focuses on the entire urinary tract, not just the bladder and ureters. Retrograde urethrogram involves introducing contrast material into the urethra, while retrograde cystography involves introducing contrast material into the bladder only.