Kinesiology is the scientific study of human or non-human body movement. The study addresses physiological, biomechanical and psychological mechanisms of movement. The study is often used in biomechanics, orthopaedics, strength and conditioning. What can you tell us about it?
Full ROM at a joint where soft tissue stops the motion
Full ROM at the joint where a boney structure stops the motion
Full ROM at the joint where tendons stop the motion
Full ROM at the joint where cartilage stops the motion
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Full ROM at a joint where soft tissue stops the motion
Full ROM at the joint where a boney structure stops the motion
Full ROM at the joint where tendons stop the motion
Full ROM at the joint where cartilage stops the motion
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Decreased ROM at a joint where cartilage stops the motion
Decreased ROM at a joint where joint edema stops the motion
Decreased ROM at a joint where pain stops the motion
Decreased ROM at a joint where a ligament stops the motion
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Decreased ROM at a joint where cartilage stops the motion
Decreased ROM at a joint where joint edema stops the motion
Decreased ROM at a joint where pain stops the motion
Decreased ROM at a joint where a ligament stops the motion
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No limitations with occupational performance
Unhealed fracture
Joint dislocation
Inflammatory process in joint
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Patients on a pain medication
Presence of a hematoma
Presence of a joint inflammation
Presence of heterotrophic ossification
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MMT should be assessed before ROM to determine muscle strength in order to understand joint integrity
MMT should be assessed before ROM to determine how much mobility is available in the joint in order to understand muscle strength
ROM should be assessed before MMT to determine muscle strength and muscle contraction in order to understand joint function
ROM should be assessed before MMT to determine the amount of joint mobility and joint integrity in order to understand muscle strength
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AROM is always larger than PROM because of muscle contraction
A decrease in PROM and AROM of a joint may be due to joint contracture
If PROM is WNL but AROM is limited, muscle strength may be the limiting factor
PROM is equal to or larger than AROM because of stretch of soft tissues and relaxed muscles
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Pt. has -105 degrees of elbow flexion
Pt. has -30 degrees of elbow extension
Pt. can fully flex elbow
Pt. can fully extend elbow
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Patient is on pain medication and is fatigued
Patient has joint pain and inflammation
Patient has hypertension and diabetes
Patient has joint hypermobility and COPD
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You should retest AROM of shoulder flexion using moderated resistance
Patient has mechanical shoulder joint issues
You can give the patient a MMT grade of 3- for shoulder flexion
You can give the patient a muscle grade of 3 for shoulder flexion
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3
3+
2+
3-
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3+
2+
3
3-
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5
4
4-
3+
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0
1
2-
2+
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The rotation at the elbow complex allows for orientation of the hand during activities
The elbow provides stability during UE weight-bearing activities
Muscle movement of the elbow is functionally independent from movement of the shoulder or wrist
The elbow provides mobility of the hand in space by lengthening and shortening the UE
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Full shoulder extension, full elbow flexion, full forearm pronation
Full shoulder flexion, full elbow flexion, full forearm supination
Full shoulder flexion, full elbow extension, full forearm supination
Full shoulder extension, full elbow extension, full forearm pronation
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Your hand needs to be placed on the distal end of the bone that is being moved by the muscle bc you have better mechanical advantage
Your hand needs to be placed on the proximal end of the bone that is being moved by the muscle bc you can eliminate muscle subsitutions
Your hand needs to be placed on the proximal end of the bone that is being moved by the muscle bc you have better mechanical advantage
Your hand needs to be placed on the distal end of the bone that is being moved by the muscle bc you will be able to palpate the muscle
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MMT should be performed with the joint in open packed position so that the client can stabilize joint using joint soft tissue and/or boney structures
MMT should be performed with the joint in closed packed position so that the client can stabilize the joint using joint soft tissue and/or boney structures
MMT should be performed wit the joint in open packed position so that the client uses muscles and not joint soft tissue and/or boney structures to stabilize the joint
MMT should be performed with the joint in closed packed position so that the client uses muscles and not joint soft tissues and/or boney structures to stabilize the joint
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Full shoulder extension, full elbow extension, position of forearm is inconsequential
Full shoulder flexion, full elbow flexion, position of forearm is inconsequential
Full shoulder extension, full elbow flexion, full forearm pronation
Full shoulder flexion, full elbow extension, full forearm supination
Full elbow extension, full forearm supination, position of shoulder is inconsequential
Full elbow flexion, full forearm pronation, positon of shoulder is inconsequential
Full elbow flexion, full forearm supination, full shoulder flexion
Full elbow extension, full forearm pronation, full shoulder extension
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The brachioradialis muscle can function as an elbow joint stabilizer
The angle of pull of the brachioradialis muscle allows for joint approximation
The brachioradialis muscle operates as a force in a third-class lever system
The brachioradialis muscle operates as a force in a second-class lever system
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Brachioradialis
Biceps
Brachialis
Supinator
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Brachioradialis
Biceps
Brachialis
Supinator
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Inflammation of biceps tendon at the head of the radius due to repeated and forceful elbow flexion
Inflammation of the biceps tendon at the superior humeroradial joint due to repeated and forceful elbow flexion
Inflammtion of the triceps tendon at the olecranon process due to repeated and forceful elbow extension
Inflammation of the wrist extensors or wrist flexors at their origins (medial epidcondyle for wrist flexors; lateral epicondyle for wrist extensors) due to repeated forceful action of wrist extensors or wrist flexion
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Because extrensic muscles insert distal to the elbow joint, elbow position can impact the length tension relationship of the extrinsic muscles. Elbow flexion at 100 degrees is optimal position.
Because extrinsic muscles of the hand do not cross the elbow joint, elbow position is not critical
Because extrinsic muscles of the hand do not cross the elbow joint, elbow position can impact the length tension relationships of the extrinsic muscles. Elbow flexion at 75 degrees is optimal position.
Because extrinsic muscles of the hand cross the elbow joint, elbow position can impact length tension relationships of extrinsic muscles. Elbow flexion at 90 degrees is optimal position.
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Forearm should be positioned in supination
Forearm should be positioned in pronation
Forearm should be positioned in mid-position
Forearm position does not matter
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