Human Or Non-human Kinesiology Quiz Questions

The shoulder joint is classified as a ball and socket joint. This type of joint allows for a wide range of movement in multiple directions, such as flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. The ball-shaped head of the humerus fits into the socket-shaped glenoid cavity of the scapula, allowing for a high degree of mobility and stability. This joint structure is ideal for the movements required by the shoulder, such as reaching, throwing, and lifting.

Kinesiology is the study of human motion that takes place about a certain axis/plane. This field focuses on understanding how the body moves and the mechanics behind it, including the muscles, joints, and coordination involved. By studying kinesiology, researchers and practitioners can gain insights into how to improve movement efficiency, prevent injuries, and enhance athletic performance. This explanation aligns with the definition of kinesiology and accurately describes its main focus.

The answer states that the shoulder is a very movable joint with 3 degrees of freedom mobility with expense stability. This means that the shoulder is highly mobile and can move in multiple directions, allowing for a wide range of motion. It also suggests that the shoulder has stability, although it may come at the expense of some mobility. Overall, this answer highlights the complexity and versatility of the shoulder joint.

The correct answer is a stationary point, center point about which something moves. This is because the axis refers to a fixed point around which an object rotates or moves. It acts as a reference point for measuring movement or determining the position of other points.

The frontal plane refers to the separation of the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) segments. This plane divides the body into two halves, allowing for the analysis and understanding of the different structures and functions of the front and back portions of the body. It is one of the three anatomical planes used to describe the orientation and movement of the body.

An agonist is a muscle or group of muscles that are primarily responsible for causing movement. When a muscle contracts, it generates force that allows movement to occur. The agonist muscle(s) work in opposition to the antagonist muscle(s), which relaxes to allow the movement to happen. This coordinated action between agonist and antagonist muscles allows for smooth and controlled movement.

The transverse or horizontal plane is a plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) segments. This means that it separates the body into two parts, with one part being above the plane and the other part being below the plane. This plane is perpendicular to the sagittal and frontal planes, which divide the body into right and left sides and front and back segments, respectively.

A midsagittal plane refers to a vertical plane that divides the body into two equal and symmetrical right and left halves. This means that both halves are identical in terms of their structures and proportions. The other options mentioned in the question, such as anterior and posterior segments, top and bottom halves of the body, and superior and inferior parts, do not accurately describe a midsagittal plane.

A synergist is a muscle that contracts along with an agonist to assist with performing an action to stabilize body parts and allow the agonist to cause movement. This means that it works together with the agonist muscle to provide support and coordination during a specific movement or action. The synergist muscle helps to stabilize the body parts involved in the movement and allows the agonist muscle to generate the necessary force for the movement to occur effectively.

An antagonist is a muscle that can oppose an agonist. In the context of muscle movement, an agonist is a muscle that contracts to produce a specific movement, while the antagonist relaxes to allow that movement to occur smoothly. The antagonist muscle works in opposition to the agonist, helping to control the speed and range of movement. This relationship between agonist and antagonist muscles is important for coordinated and balanced movement in the body.

Eccentric contraction refers to a type of muscle contraction where the origin and insertion points of the contracting muscle move away from each other by an external force. This is in contrast to concentric contraction, where the muscle fibers shorten and the origin and insertion points move closer together. Eccentric contractions typically occur when a muscle is lengthening while still under tension, such as when lowering a weight during a bicep curl. This type of contraction requires less energy compared to concentric contractions.

Isometric refers to a type of muscle contraction where there is no visible shortening of the muscle. During isometric contractions, the length of the muscle remains constant while tension is generated within the muscle. This type of contraction is commonly seen in activities such as pushing against an immovable object or holding a static position. Isometric contractions are different from isotonic contractions, where the muscle changes length as it contracts. In isometric contractions, the muscle does not visibly shorten or lengthen, but it still generates force.

The motion of adduction and abduction refers to the movement of a body part towards or away from the midline of the body. This motion occurs in the frontal plane, which divides the body into front and back halves. The axis of this motion is the Anteroposterior (AP) axis, which runs from front to back. Therefore, the correct answer is "Frontal plane/AP axis."

The correct answer is the transverse plane/vertical axis. This is because internal/external rotation refers to the movement of a body part around its longitudinal axis, which is perpendicular to both the sagittal and frontal planes. The transverse plane divides the body into upper and lower halves, while the vertical axis runs through the body from top to bottom. Therefore, internal/external rotation occurs in the transverse plane around the vertical axis.

A parasagittal plane refers to a vertical plane that divides the body into unequal right and left sides. This means that the division is not perfectly symmetrical, with one side being larger or having more structures than the other. This type of plane is commonly used in anatomical studies to examine specific structures or organs on one side of the body.

The correct answer is that the head of the humerus articulates with the scapula. The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket joint, where the rounded head of the humerus fits into the shallow socket of the scapula, known as the glenoid cavity. This allows for a wide range of movement in the shoulder, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. The sternum is not directly involved in the shoulder joint articulation.

The correct answer is Frontal/AP. The frontal plane (also known as the coronal plane) divides the body into front and back halves, while the AP axis (anteroposterior axis) runs from the front to the back of the body. Therefore, the combination of frontal plane and AP axis refers to movements or positions that occur in the front-to-back direction of the body.

The correct answer is "fixes a body segment to allow a firm foundation from which the other muscles can work." This explanation suggests that a stabilizer helps to stabilize or fix a body segment, providing a strong base or foundation for other muscles to work effectively. This implies that the stabilizer plays a crucial role in maintaining balance and coordination during movement.

The correct answer is sagittal/horizontal. In the context of shoulder joint movement, flexion, extension, and hyperextension occur in the sagittal plane, which divides the body into left and right halves. The axis of rotation for these movements is horizontal, as the shoulder joint rotates around a transverse axis that runs from side to side. Therefore, the sagittal/horizontal combination accurately describes the plane and axis involved in flexion, extension, and hyperextension of the shoulder joint.

Isokinetic contraction refers to a type of movement where the muscle contracts at a constant velocity without any actual contraction occurring. This means that there is no shortening or lengthening of the muscle during the movement. Instead, the muscle maintains a consistent speed throughout the motion. It is important to note that isokinetic contraction is not responsible for ATP production and it should not be confused with a contraction that involves muscle shortening.

The anterior/posterior axis of the frontal plane includes movements such as abduction (moving away from the midline of the body), adduction (moving towards the midline of the body), radial deviation (moving the wrist towards the thumb side), ulnar deviation (moving the wrist towards the pinky side), inversion (turning the sole of the foot inward), and eversion (turning the sole of the foot outward). These movements occur in the frontal plane and are important for various activities such as walking, gripping objects, and maintaining balance.

The correct answer is internal (medial) and external (lateral) and vertebral rotation. In the transverse plane, these motions refer to the rotation of body parts or segments either towards the midline of the body (internal/medial rotation) or away from the midline (external/lateral rotation). Vertebral rotation specifically refers to the rotation of the vertebrae in the spine. Flexion, extension, circumduction, plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, hyperextension, and eversion are not specifically related to the vertical (sup/inf) axis in the transverse plane.

The correct answer is "medial/lateral axis side to side-perpendicular to the sagittal". This is because the term "horizontal" refers to a direction that is parallel to the ground or perpendicular to the vertical axis. In the context of the human body, the medial/lateral axis runs from the midline of the body to the side, and is perpendicular to the sagittal plane which divides the body into left and right halves. Therefore, the correct answer describes the horizontal direction in relation to the body's anatomical planes.

The correct answer is "not really a contraction, but body lifts a given weight and gravitational weight changes and load not constant." This answer explains that isotonic is not actually a contraction, but rather a type of exercise where the body lifts a weight and the gravitational weight changes. It also mentions that the load is not constant, implying that the resistance or weight being lifted may vary throughout the exercise.

The correct answer is transverse/vertical. In the context of anatomical movements, internal (medial)-external (lateral) rotation refers to the rotation of a body part around its longitudinal axis. This movement occurs in the transverse plane, which divides the body into upper and lower halves. The axis of rotation for this movement is vertical, as it runs perpendicular to the transverse plane. Therefore, the transverse/vertical option accurately describes the plane and axis involved in internal-external rotation.

The given answer "area and surface space" is the most appropriate explanation for the term "plane" in the context provided. A plane refers to a two-dimensional flat surface that has length and width but no depth. When describing the body, the term "plane" is commonly used to refer to the area and surface space. This implies that the measurement or description being discussed pertains to the extent or size of a specific region or surface on the body, rather than its circumference or vertical measurement.

The correct answer is "extension, flexion, dorsiflexion, and plantarflexion." These movements are all types of motion that occur in the sagittal plane, which is a vertical plane that divides the body into left and right halves. Extension refers to straightening or increasing the angle of a joint, while flexion refers to bending or decreasing the angle of a joint. Dorsiflexion is the movement of bringing the top of the foot towards the shin, and plantarflexion is the movement of pointing the foot downward. These movements are commonly seen in the joints of the limbs, such as the elbow, knee, ankle, and wrist.

The correct answer is horizontal/vertical. In anatomical terms, horizontal adduction refers to the movement of a body part towards the midline in a horizontal plane, while horizontal abduction refers to the movement away from the midline in the same plane. The axis for these movements is vertical, as the rotation occurs around an imaginary line that runs vertically through the body.

Flexion/extension refers to the movement that occurs in the sagittal plane, which divides the body into left and right halves. The movement happens around the lateral axis, which runs horizontally from side to side. In flexion, the angle between two body parts decreases, while in extension, the angle increases. Therefore, the correct answer is that flexion/extension occurs in the sagittal plane and around the lateral axis.

A concentric contraction refers to a type of muscle contraction where the origin and insertion points of the muscle are brought closer together during the contraction. This means that the muscle is actively shortening as it contracts, resulting in movement or force generation. This type of contraction is commonly observed when lifting a weight during a bicep curl, for example, as the bicep muscle contracts and brings the forearm closer to the upper arm.