Quater 1 Living Environment Exam
- 1.
The development of an experimental research plan should not include a...
- A.
List of safety precautions for the experiment
- B.
Conclusion based on data expected to be collected in the experiment
- C.
List of equipment needed for conducting the experiment
- D.
Procedure for the use of technologies needed for the experiment
Correct Answer
B. Conclusion based on data expected to be collected in the experimentExplanation
The conclusion is written after the experiment is done and all of the data is collected.Rate this question:
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- 2.
In 1910, Thomas Morgan discovered a certain pattern of inheritance in fruit flies known as sex linkage. This discovery extended the ideas of inheritance that Gregor Mendel had discovered while working with garden peas in 1865. Which principle of scientific inquiry does this illustrate?
- A.
A control group must be a part of a valid experiment
- B.
Scientific explanations can be modified as new evidence is found
- C.
Values can be used to make ethical decisions about scientific discovery
- D.
The same experiment must be repeated many times before you validate the results
Correct Answer
B. Scientific explanations can be modified as new evidence is foundExplanation
Thomas Morgan was 'modifying' Gregor Mendel's scientific discovery like in the answer.Rate this question:
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- 3.
In an investigation designed to determine the effect of the amount of water on plant growth, two groups of equal-sized bean plants of the same species were grown under identical conditions, except the amount of water they were given. One group was watered with 200 mL of water once a day, while the other group was watered with 400 mL of water once a day. After several days the heights of the plants were measured. It was determined that the plants watered with 400 mL of water once a day showed more growth.The independent variable in this investigation is the...
- A.
Group of bean plants watered with 200 mL of water
- B.
Type of bean plants used in the experiment
- C.
Type of soil the bean plants were growing in
- D.
Amount of water given to the plants each day
Correct Answer
D. Amount of water given to the plants each dayExplanation
The independent variable is the measurable thing that changes in each set up. Reliable experiments only have 1.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which statement about the use of independent variables in controlled experiments is correct?
- A.
The independent variables state the problem being tested
- B.
The independent variables must involve time
- C.
A different independent variable must be used each time an experiment is repeated
- D.
Only one independent variable is ideal for each experiment
Correct Answer
D. Only one independent variable is ideal for each experimentExplanation
In controlled experiments, it is ideal to have only one independent variable. This allows for a clear understanding of the cause and effect relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable. By controlling all other variables, researchers can confidently attribute any changes in the dependent variable to the manipulation of the independent variable. Using multiple independent variables can make it difficult to determine which variable is responsible for the observed effects, leading to confounding variables and less reliable results. Therefore, it is best to isolate and focus on one independent variable at a time in controlled experiments.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Scientists in the US, Europe, and Africa have now suggested that the hippopotamus is a relative of the whale. Earlier studies placed the hippo as a close relative of the wild pigs, but recent studies have discovered stronger evidence for the connection to whales. This information suggests that
- A.
Structural evidence is the best evolutionary factor to consider
- B.
Natural selection does not occur in hippopotamuses
- C.
Genetic engineering was involved in the earlier theories
- D.
Scientific explanations are tentative and subject to change
Correct Answer
D. Scientific explanations are tentative and subject to changeExplanation
The given correct answer suggests that scientific explanations are tentative and subject to change. This is because earlier studies placed the hippo as a close relative of wild pigs, but recent studies have discovered stronger evidence for the connection to whales. This change in understanding highlights the dynamic nature of scientific knowledge and the need for continuous research and reevaluation of hypotheses.Rate this question:
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- 6.
As part of an investigation, 10 bean seedlings in one setup were grown in the dark while 10 seedlings in another setup were grown in sunlight. All other growth conditions were kept the same in both setups. The seedling grown in the dark were white with long slender stems. These seedlings soon died. The seedlings grown in the sunlight were green and healthy. Which hypothesis was most likely being tested in this investigation?
- A.
Sunlight is necessary for the normal growth of bean plants
- B.
Plants grown in the dark cannot perform the process of respiration
- C.
Light is necessary for proper mineral absorption by plants
- D.
Light is necessary for the germination of bean seeds
Correct Answer
A. Sunlight is necessary for the normal growth of bean plantsExplanation
The hypothesis being tested in this investigation is that sunlight is necessary for the normal growth of bean plants. This can be concluded based on the observation that the seedlings grown in the dark were white with long slender stems and soon died, while the seedlings grown in sunlight were green and healthy. This suggests that the absence of sunlight negatively impacted the growth and survival of the bean seedlings.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Worms that had been invaded by bacteria were eaten by a species of a bird. Many of these birds died as a result. The most likely explanation for this is that...
- A.
Bacteria interfered with normal life functions of the bird
- B.
Disease that killed the birds was inherited
- C.
Gene alterations in the bacterial cells killed the birds
- D.
Birds produced antigens in response to the bacteria
Correct Answer
A. Bacteria interfered with normal life functions of the birdExplanation
The most likely explanation for many of the birds dying after eating worms invaded by bacteria is that the bacteria interfered with the normal life functions of the bird. This interference could have caused illness or other detrimental effects on the bird's health, leading to their death.Rate this question:
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- 8.
DWhich life process is indicated by the arrows in the diagram shown above?
- A.
Excretion
- B.
Transport
- C.
Fermentation
- D.
Digestion
Correct Answer
B. TransportExplanation
The arrows in the diagram indicate the process of transport. This is because the arrows are showing the movement of substances from one part of the diagram to another, suggesting the transfer of materials within an organism.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Nutrition involves those activities by which organisms...
- A.
Remove cellular waste products
- B.
Obtain and process materials needed for other activities
- C.
Exchange gases with their environment
- D.
Absorb and circulate materials
Correct Answer
B. Obtain and process materials needed for other activitiesExplanation
Nutrition is the process by which organisms obtain and process materials needed for other activities. It involves the intake of food or nutrients, the digestion and absorption of these nutrients, and the utilization of these nutrients for energy, growth, and repair. Through nutrition, organisms obtain the necessary substances such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals to carry out various metabolic processes and maintain their overall health and well-being.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which process is represented below?Energy stored in food --> Energy available for use by living organisms
- A.
Growth
- B.
Regulation
- C.
Respiration
- D.
Excretion
Correct Answer
C. RespirationExplanation
Respiration is the correct answer because it is the process by which living organisms convert energy stored in food into a usable form. During respiration, cells break down glucose and other molecules to release energy in the form of ATP, which can be used for various cellular processes. This process occurs in all living organisms, allowing them to obtain the energy necessary for growth, regulation, and other vital functions.Rate this question:
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- 11.
In autotrophic plants, stored starch may be converted into small organic molecules by the process of...
- A.
Transpiration
- B.
Extracellular digestion
- C.
Aerobic respiration
- D.
Intracellular digestion
Correct Answer
D. Intracellular digestionExplanation
Intra- withinRate this question:
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- 12.
Living organisms can best be distinguished from nonliving things by determining the presence or absence of...
- A.
Metabolic activities
- B.
Carbon atoms
- C.
Chemical reactions
- D.
Oxygen atoms
Correct Answer
A. Metabolic activitiesExplanation
Living organisms can be best distinguished from nonliving things by determining the presence or absence of metabolic activities. Metabolic activities refer to the various chemical processes that occur within an organism to maintain life, such as digestion, respiration, and reproduction. Nonliving things do not possess the ability to carry out these complex metabolic processes. Therefore, by assessing the presence or absence of metabolic activities, we can differentiate between living organisms and nonliving things.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which group contains only molecules that are each assembled from smaller organic compounds?
- A.
Proteins, water, DNA, fats
- B.
Proteins, DNA, fats, starch
- C.
Proteins, starch, carbon dioxide, water
- D.
Proteins, carbon dioxide, DNA, starch
Correct Answer
B. Proteins, DNA, fats, starchExplanation
The group that contains only molecules that are each assembled from smaller organic compounds is proteins, DNA, fats, starch. Proteins are made up of amino acids, which are smaller organic compounds. DNA is made up of nucleotides, which are also smaller organic compounds. Fats are composed of glycerol and fatty acids, both of which are smaller organic compounds. Starch is a complex carbohydrate made up of glucose molecules, which are smaller organic compounds. Therefore, all the molecules in this group are assembled from smaller organic compounds.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which activity is an example of the life process known as synthesis?
- A.
Oxygen moves into a cell through the cell membrane
- B.
A large molecules is broken down into a smaller molecules
- C.
Starch is formed by the chemical bonding of glucose molecules
- D.
An organic compound is broken down and energy
Correct Answer
C. Starch is formed by the chemical bonding of glucose moleculesExplanation
The correct answer is "Starch is formed by the chemical bonding of glucose molecules." This is an example of the life process known as synthesis because it involves the creation of a larger molecule (starch) by chemically bonding smaller molecules (glucose).Rate this question:
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- 15.
The removal of carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes from an organism illustrates the life function known as...
- A.
Excretion
- B.
Nutrition
- C.
Respiration
- D.
Regulation
Correct Answer
A. ExcretionExplanation
The removal of carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes from an organism is a process known as excretion. Excretion is a vital life function that helps to eliminate metabolic waste products from the body. Carbon dioxide is a waste product of cellular respiration, while nitrogenous wastes are produced from the breakdown of proteins. These waste products need to be removed from the body to maintain homeostasis and prevent toxicity. Therefore, the correct answer is excretion.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Organisms are classified into kingdoms primarily on basis of...
- A.
Habitat
- B.
Structure
- C.
Behavior
- D.
Size
Correct Answer
B. StructureExplanation
Organisms are classified into kingdoms primarily on the basis of their structure. This refers to the physical characteristics and features of an organism, such as its cell type, body organization, and reproductive methods. By examining these structural traits, scientists can determine the evolutionary relationships between different organisms and categorize them into different kingdoms. This classification system helps to organize and understand the vast diversity of life on Earth.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which statement best illustrates the life process of growth?
- A.
An ameba moves away from bright light
- B.
Two monosaccharides are formed from a disaccharide
- C.
A dog consumes a bowl of food
- D.
A bean seed germinates
Correct Answer
D. A bean seed germinatesExplanation
Germinates- SproutsRate this question:
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- 18.
An unsafe lab procedure for heating a nutrient solution in a flask would be to...
- A.
Heat the solution at the lowest temperature possible on a hot plate
- B.
Use a bunsen burner to heat the solution
- C.
Stopper the flask tightly to prevent evaporation of the solution
- D.
Stir the solution while its heating
Correct Answer
C. Stopper the flask tightly to prevent evaporation of the solutionExplanation
Stopping the flask tightly to prevent evaporation of the solution is an unsafe lab procedure because it can lead to the buildup of pressure inside the flask. As the solution is heated, it may produce gases or expand, and if the flask is tightly stoppered, the pressure can build up and cause the flask to rupture or explode. It is important to allow for the release of pressure and gases during heating by using a loose or vented stopper or by not stoppering the flask at all.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The table below gives both the common and scientific names of five New York State vertebratesVertebrate Common Name Scientific NameA White Perch Morone AmericanaB Grass Pickeral Esox Americanus C Varying Hare Lepus AmericanusD American toad Bufo americanusE Muskellunge Esox masquinongy
- A.
C and D
- B.
A and B
- C.
A and D
- D.
B and E
Correct Answer
D. B and EExplanation
The correct answer is B and E. This is because the common names "Grass Pickeral" and "Muskellunge" correspond to the scientific names "Esox Americanus" and "Esox masquinongy" respectively. Therefore, option B and E are the correct pairs of common and scientific names.Rate this question:
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- 20.
A scientist recently discovered a pond organism that is unicellular, contains chloroplasts, and other membrane-bound organelles, and possesses a flagellum. In which kingdom is this organism classified?
- A.
Plant
- B.
Fungi
- C.
Protista
- D.
Monera
Correct Answer
C. ProtistaExplanation
The organism described in the question is classified in the kingdom Protista. This is because it is unicellular, contains chloroplasts (which are responsible for photosynthesis in plants), possesses a flagellum (used for movement), and has other membrane-bound organelles. The kingdom Protista includes a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms that do not fit into the other traditional kingdoms such as plants, fungi, or animals.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which sequence of terms is in the correct order from simplest to the most complex?
- A.
Cells->tissues->organs->organ systems
- B.
Organs->organisms->organ system->cell
- C.
Cells->tissues->organ systems->organs
- D.
Tissues->organisms->cells->organ systems
Correct Answer
A. Cells->tissues->organs->organ systemsExplanation
The correct order from simplest to most complex is cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. This is because cells are the basic building blocks of life, which then combine to form tissues. Tissues further organize to form organs, and multiple organs work together to create organ systems.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which statement describes an exception to the cell theory?
- A.
The cell is the basic functional unit of all living things
- B.
Plants and animals are made up of structural units know as cells
- C.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain genetic material and can replicate
- D.
All cells arise from pre-existing cells
Correct Answer
C. Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain genetic material and can replicateExplanation
Mitochondria and chloroplasts containing genetic material and being able to replicate is an exception to the cell theory. The cell theory states that cells are the basic functional units of all living things, and that all cells arise from pre-existing cells. However, mitochondria and chloroplasts are organelles found within cells that have their own genetic material and can replicate independently. This exception challenges the idea that all cellular functions are solely performed by cells themselves.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which is a polysaccharide?
- A.
Maltase
- B.
Ribose
- C.
Glucose
- D.
Starch
Correct Answer
D. StarchExplanation
Starch is a polysaccharide because it is a complex carbohydrate made up of multiple glucose molecules linked together. Polysaccharides are large molecules composed of repeating sugar units, and starch fits this description as it is a polymer of glucose molecules. Maltase, ribose, and glucose are not polysaccharides. Maltase is an enzyme that breaks down maltose, ribose is a monosaccharide, and glucose is a monosaccharide as well.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Which organelle is correctly paired with its function?
- A.
Nucleus-stores materials for the production of bigger proteins and lipids
- B.
Lysosome-sorts and packages cellular products
- C.
Choloroplast-serves as a site for photosynthesis
- D.
Centriole- breaks down worn out organelles
Correct Answer
C. Choloroplast-serves as a site for photosynthesisExplanation
The correct answer is choloroplast-serves as a site for photosynthesis. Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells that contain chlorophyll, a pigment that captures sunlight energy. This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen through the process of photosynthesis. Therefore, the function of chloroplasts is to serve as a site for photosynthesis.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Which sequence of terms represents a decrease from greatest number to least number of structures present in a cell?
- A.
Gene->nucleus->chromosome
- B.
Nucleus->gene->chromosome
- C.
Chromosomes->gene->nucleus
- D.
Gene->chromosome->nucleus
Correct Answer
D. Gene->chromosome->nucleusExplanation
The correct answer is gene->chromosome->nucleus. This sequence represents a decrease from the greatest number to the least number of structures present in a cell. Genes are present in the largest numbers, followed by chromosomes, and then the nucleus, which is present in the smallest number within a cell.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Organelle DNAcell membrane Absentcell wall Absentmitochondrion presentnucleus presentInformation in the table suggests that DNA functions...
- A.
Both inside and outside of the nucleus
- B.
Only within energy-releasing structures
- C.
Within cell vacuoles
- D.
Within cytoplasm and outside of the cell membrane
Correct Answer
A. Both inside and outside of the nucleusExplanation
The presence of DNA in both the organelles mitochondrion and nucleus suggests that DNA functions both inside and outside of the nucleus. The mitochondrion is responsible for energy production, while the nucleus contains the majority of the cell's genetic material. Therefore, DNA plays a role in both energy production and genetic information storage, indicating its functions in both organelles.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Certain poisons are toxic to the organisms because they interfere with the function of enzymes in mitochondria. This results directly in the inability of the cell to...
- A.
Release energy from nutrients
- B.
Build proteins
- C.
Store information
- D.
Dispose of metabolic wastes
Correct Answer
B. Build proteinsExplanation
Certain poisons that interfere with the function of enzymes in mitochondria directly affect the cell's ability to build proteins. Proteins are essential for various cellular processes, including cell growth, repair, and regulation. Enzymes play a crucial role in protein synthesis, and any disruption in their function can hinder the cell's ability to build proteins. This can have severe consequences for the organism as proteins are involved in numerous vital functions, such as maintaining the structure and function of cells, facilitating chemical reactions, and acting as signaling molecules.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Hereditary info is stored inside the...
- A.
Nucleus, which has genes that contain many chromosomes
- B.
Ribosomes, which have genes that contain many chromosome
- C.
Nucleus, which has chromosomes that contain many genes
- D.
Ribosomes, which have chromosomes that contain many genes
Correct Answer
C. Nucleus, which has chromosomes that contain many genesExplanation
The hereditary information is stored inside the nucleus of a cell. The nucleus contains chromosomes, which are structures made of DNA. Genes are segments of DNA that are located on the chromosomes. Therefore, the correct answer is that the nucleus has chromosomes that contain many genes.Rate this question:
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- 29.
The diagram below represents a biological processA BInorganic molecules -> Organic moleculesWhich set of molecules is best represented by letters A and B?
- A.
A: glucose B: carbon dioxide and water
- B.
A: carbon dioxide and water B: glucose
- C.
A: oxygen and water B: glucose
- D.
A: glucose B: oxygen and water
Correct Answer
C. A: oxygen and water B: glucoseExplanation
The diagram represents the process of photosynthesis, where inorganic molecules (carbon dioxide and water) are converted into organic molecules (glucose). Oxygen is also produced as a byproduct. Therefore, the set of molecules best represented by letters A and B is A: oxygen and water, B: glucose.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Two examples of carbohydrates are...
- A.
Amino acids and alcohol
- B.
Fats and waxes
- C.
Sugars and starches
- D.
Fatty acids and glycerole
Correct Answer
C. Sugars and starchesExplanation
Carbohydrates are organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Amino acids and alcohol are not examples of carbohydrates, as they have different chemical structures. Fats and waxes are lipids, not carbohydrates. Sugars and starches, on the other hand, are both examples of carbohydrates. Sugars are simple carbohydrates, while starches are complex carbohydrates. They serve as a source of energy in the body and are found in various foods like fruits, vegetables, grains, and legumes.Rate this question:
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- 31.
All chemical breakdown processes in cells directly involve
- A.
Reactions that are controlled by catalysts
- B.
The productions of catalysts in vacuoles
- C.
Enzymes that have the same genetic base sequence
- D.
Enzymes that are stored in mitochondria
Correct Answer
A. Reactions that are controlled by catalystsExplanation
The correct answer is "reactions that are controlled by catalysts." This is because catalysts are substances that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. In cells, chemical breakdown processes, such as metabolism, require catalysts to occur efficiently. Without catalysts, these reactions would proceed too slowly to sustain life. Therefore, the involvement of catalysts in all chemical breakdown processes in cells is crucial for maintaining cellular function.Rate this question:
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- 32.
The equation below represents a chemical reaction that occurs in humans.Substance x + Substance Y --> Substance WWhat data should be collected to support the hypothesis that enzyme C works best in an environment that is slightly basic?
- A.
The shapes of substances x and y after the reaction occurs
- B.
The amount of substance w produced in five minutes at various pH levels
- C.
The amino acid sequence of enzyme C
- D.
The temperature before the reaction occurs
Correct Answer
C. The amino acid sequence of enzyme CExplanation
To support the hypothesis that enzyme C works best in a slightly basic environment, the data that should be collected is the amino acid sequence of enzyme C. This is because the amino acid sequence determines the structure and function of the enzyme. By analyzing the sequence, it can be determined if enzyme C has any specific amino acids or regions that are more effective in a slightly basic environment, indicating its optimal conditions for activity. The other options, such as the shapes of substances x and y after the reaction, the amount of substance w produced at various pH levels, and the temperature before the reaction, do not directly provide information about the enzyme's preference for a slightly basic environment.Rate this question:
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