Le August 2009 Multiple Choice
Living Environment Multiple choice from August 2009. Make your selections. GOOD LUCK.
- 1.
Organisms that are able to manufacture organic nutrients from substances in the abiotic environment are classified as
- A.
Heterotrophs
- B.
Fungi
- C.
Predators
- D.
Autotrophs
Correct Answer
D. AutotrophsExplanation
Autotrophs make their own food from CO2 and H2O, both ABIOTIC substances.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which factor would have the greatest effect on the flow of energy into an ecosystem?
- A.
A large decrease in the amount of sunlight available
- B.
A large increase in the number of carnivores
- C.
A small increase in the number of decomposers
- D.
A small decrease in the amount of minerals available
Correct Answer
A. A large decrease in the amount of sunlight availableExplanation
If there's no sunlight, there will be no energy flowing into an ecosystem.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which structures carry out life functions within cells?
- A.
Tissues
- B.
Organ systems
- C.
Organelles
- D.
Organs
Correct Answer
C. OrganellesExplanation
organelles are the only substance in the list that are found INSIDE cells.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which process is most directly responsible for maintaining internal stability in an organism when its environment is constantly changing?
- A.
Digestion
- B.
Feedback
- C.
Reproduction
- D.
Evolution
Correct Answer
B. FeedbackExplanation
Feedback is when you respond to information based on what happens in an ecosystem.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The function of a cell depends primarily on its
- A.
Life span
- B.
Color
- C.
Structure
- D.
Movement
Correct Answer
C. StructureExplanation
The structure of a cell determines how it functions.Rate this question:
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- 6.
In some cases, humans have chosen to mate certain individual farm animals within a species. For example, by allowing only the largest cattle to reproduce over many generations, strains of very large cattle have been produced. This process is known as
- A.
Natural selection
- B.
Direct harvesting
- C.
Selective breeding
- D.
Dynamic equilibrium
Correct Answer
C. Selective breedingExplanation
creating the perfect cow, horse, dog, fruit, or vegetable requires the act of selective breeding, which is choosing certain traits that you want to see in the offspring.Rate this question:
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- 7.
A boy inherits genes for tallness, but his growth is limited as a result of poor nutrition. This is an example of
- A.
An inherited disorder
- B.
Environmental influence on gene expression
- C.
Expression of a hidden trait
- D.
A characteristic controlled by more than one pair of genes
Correct Answer
B. Environmental influence on gene expressionExplanation
The environment (nutrition) is affecting this boy's growth.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The sickle-cell trait is an inherited condition resulting from the presence of abnormal molecules of the protein hemoglobin in red blood cells. A person with the sickle-cell trait may have a child with the same condition because the child receives from the parent
- A.
Abnormal red blood cells
- B.
Abnormal hemoglobin molecules
- C.
A code for the production of abnormal hemoglobin
- D.
A code for the production of abnormal amino acids
Correct Answer
C. A code for the production of abnormal hemoglobinExplanation
The sequence of amino acids produces hemoglobin in an abnormal shape. The amino acids themselves are not abnormal. The hemoglobin is abnormal.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The sorting and recombining of genes during meiosis and fertilization usually leads to the production of
- A.
Gametes with many copies of the same chromosome
- B.
Embryos with traits identical to those of all other members of the species
- C.
Zygotes with the genetic information to produce only females
- D.
Offspring with some traits that did not appear in their parents
Correct Answer
D. Offspring with some traits that did not appear in their parentsExplanation
Recombining of genes allows new combinations to occur in the offspring. Traits that didn't appear in the parents may show up in the offspring.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which situation would most likely produce a gene mutation in a squirrel?
- A.
The squirrel stops using its claws for digging.
- B.
The squirrel is exposed to radiation for several days.
- C.
Oak trees gradually become less common.
- D.
The weather becomes wetter for a short period of time.
Correct Answer
B. The squirrel is exposed to radiation for several days.Explanation
Radiation causes mutations. Simple as that.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which row in the chart below best describes what happens when some DNA bases are deleted from a gene?
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
3
- D.
4
Correct Answer
D. 4Explanation
If the gene is changed, the trait may change as a result.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The diagram below represents a technique currently used by scientists in the field of biotechnology. Which statement describes a possible outcome of this technique?
- A.
The bacterium is able to produce a human hormone.
- B.
It allows the bacterium to grow in humans, since it contains a human gene.
- C.
It allows humans to become immune to an infection from this type of bacteria.
- D.
The bacterium can now produce human cells identical to cells of the DNA donor.
Correct Answer
A. The bacterium is able to produce a human hormone.Explanation
Bacteria is able to produce hormones for humans, most notably INSULIN.Rate this question:
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- 13.
When antibiotics were first developed, most infectious diseases could be controlled by them. Today, certain bacteria are resistant to many antibiotics. One possible explanation for this change is that
- A.
The antibiotics killed most of the bacteria that did not have a genetic variation for resistance
- B.
The bacteria needed to change in order to produce more antibiotics
- C.
Some of the bacteria learned how to resist the antibiotics
- D.
Antibiotics have become weaker over the years
Correct Answer
A. The antibiotics killed most of the bacteria that did not have a genetic variation for resistanceExplanation
Those bacteria that were killed were not resistant. They were not adapted properly. They did not pass on their resistant traits.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Thousands of genetically identical trees have been discovered growing in a remote, undisturbed mountain area in Colorado. These trees are most likely the result of
- A.
Genetic engineering
- B.
Asexual reproduction
- C.
Meiotic cell division
- D.
Biotechnology
Correct Answer
B. Asexual reproductionExplanation
KEY WORD: IDENTICAL.
identical means asexual.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The ability of the human body to keep blood-sugar levels within a fairly narrow range, despite the intake of meals high in carbohydrates, is an example of
- A.
Active transport
- B.
Genetic recombination
- C.
Homeostasis
- D.
Digestion
Correct Answer
C. HomeostasisExplanation
Homeostasis is a balance in organisms. This balance is maintained in the body through the actions of many organ systems (or organelles in single-celled organisms).Rate this question:
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- 16.
A large number of sperm cells are produced by males every day. This large number of sperm cells increases the chance that
- A.
At least one sperm cell will be reached when the eggs swim toward the sperm cells in the ovary
- B.
Several sperm cells will unite with an egg so the fertilized egg will develop properly
- C.
Some of the sperm cells will survive to reach the egg
- D.
Enough sperm cells will be present to transport the egg from where it is produced to where it develops into a fetus
Correct Answer
C. Some of the sperm cells will survive to reach the eggExplanation
Millions of sperm need to be produced so that some will reach the egg. The female's body is not a good environment for sperm. Many die before they even reach the fallopian tubes.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which statement best describes the relationship between the blood of a human fetus and the blood of the mother?
- A.
Their blood systems are separate only at certain times in development and connected at other times.
- B.
The blood flows directly from the mother into the fetus.
- C.
Their blood systems are separate and no materials are exchanged.
- D.
Their blood systems are separate, but certain materials pass from one to the other.
Correct Answer
D. Their blood systems are separate, but certain materials pass from one to the other.Explanation
The mother and the child each have their own blood systems, but the materials may be exchanged through the placenta.Rate this question:
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- 18.
To replace burned skin, doctors can successfully transplant replacement skin taken from another part of the body of the burn victim. Which state- ment best explains why the transplanted skin is not rejected?
- A.
The transplanted skin is damaged, making the immune system nonfunctional.
- B.
The antigens of the replacement skin are the same as those of the damaged skin.
- C.
Burn victims lose so much blood that white blood cells cannot cause an immune response.
- D.
There is no blood supply to the skin, so mixing of antigens does not occur.
Correct Answer
B. The antigens of the replacement skin are the same as those of the damaged skin.Explanation
The skin is from the SAME individual so the DNA (and proteins like those that make up the antigens) would be identical. Therefore, no rejection.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The soil on a farm can very quickly become depleted of the minerals essential to plants because harvesting of crops can interfere with the
- A.
Reproductive cycles of animals
- B.
Recycling of inorganic compounds
- C.
Flow of energy
- D.
Transport of groundwater
Correct Answer
B. Recycling of inorganic compoundsExplanation
Nutrients aren't recycled when they harvest the crops (like wheat, corn, and barley), so the soil becomes quickly depleted of the nutrients.Rate this question:
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- 20.
A vaccine used against an infectious disease may contain
- A.
Specialized blood cells
- B.
Toxic enzymes
- C.
A variety of antibiotics
- D.
Weakened pathogens
Correct Answer
D. Weakened pathogensExplanation
Weakened viruses (or pathogens) are found in vaccines.Rate this question:
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- 21.
What will most likely occur if two different plant species compete for the same requirements in an ecosystem?
- A.
They will usually develop different requirements.
- B.
One species may adapt to a different environment.
- C.
One species may be eliminated from that ecosystem.
- D.
They will alter the environment so that they can both survive in that ecosystem.
Correct Answer
C. One species may be eliminated from that ecosystem.Explanation
When two organisms compete for the same resources, it is very likely that one organism will survive (better adapted for the ecosystem) and one organism will die out (poorly adapted).Rate this question:
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- 22.
Some of the energy taken in by an organism is not available to other organisms in a food web. Energy that is not available to other organisms in a food web is energy that is
- A.
Stored in the remains of a dead animal
- B.
Lost to the environment as heat
- C.
Stored in eggs produced during sexual reproduction
- D.
Produced in muscle tissue during the growth of an organism
Correct Answer
B. Lost to the environment as heatExplanation
When energy is lost between different organisms in a feeding relationship, the energy is lost as heat.Rate this question:
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- 23.
The relationship that exists when athlete’s foot fungus grows on a human is an example of
- A.
Predator/prey
- B.
Producer/consumer
- C.
Parasite/host
- D.
Decomposer/autotroph
Correct Answer
C. Parasite/hostExplanation
Don't be fooled by this one. The fungus in this case is a parasite. The human is not an autotroph.Rate this question:
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- 24.
If an ecosystem is changed through a natural disaster, organisms will have the best chance of survival if
- A.
Their environment has few abiotic factors
- B.
The organisms are large
- C.
The population size is small
- D.
Their species exhibits genetic variation
Correct Answer
D. Their species exhibits genetic variationExplanation
more genetic variation means that there is more chances of survival in the case of a natural disaster.Rate this question:
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- 25.
In state forests and parks containing varieties of flowering trees and shrubs, there are signs that say “Take nothing but pictures, leave nothing but footprints.” These signs are necessary because
- A.
Humans can destroy habitats by removing flowering trees and shrubs
- B.
All animals feed directly on flowering shrubs that may be removed by people
- C.
Removal of flowering trees and shrubs will increase biodiversity
- D.
Flowering shrubs grow best in state forests and parks
Correct Answer
A. Humans can destroy habitats by removing flowering trees and shrubsExplanation
Habitats need diversity to survive. Without the diversity of flowering trees and shrubs, the ecosystem may be destroyed by human interaction.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Which human activity creates the least threat to global stability?
- A.
Overuse of resources
- B.
Pollution of water with heavy metals
- C.
Pollution of air with sulfur gases
- D.
Reuse of plastic bags
Correct Answer
D. Reuse of plastic bagsExplanation
Three of these are bad. One of these is good. Go with the good one in this case.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Which change is a cause of the other three?
- A.
Increased fossil fuel consumption
- B.
Destruction of the ozone shield
- C.
Increased industrialization
- D.
Destruction of natural habitats
Correct Answer
C. Increased industrializationExplanation
Increased industrialization is the cause of the other three. None of the others would be happening if it weren't for the industrialization.Rate this question:
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- 28.
In an attempt to improve environmental quality, local officials in a county in New York State want to build a garbage-to-steam plant. At the plant, garbage would be burned to produce energy, but air pollution would also be produced. In order to decide whether or not to build this plant, the community must consider
- A.
The trade-offs involved
- B.
New genetic technology
- C.
The natural process of succession
- D.
Energy flow between organisms
Correct Answer
A. The trade-offs involvedExplanation
A trade-off is when you consider the good with the bad and decide how you want to proceed based on the potential outcome.Rate this question:
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- 29.
An evolutionary pathway is represented below. Which statement about evolutionary pathways is most accurate?
- A.
All evolutionary pathways show that life began with autotrophic organisms that soon evolved into heterotrophic organisms.
- B.
Two organisms on the same branch of an evolutionary pathway are more closely related to each other than to those on distant branches.
- C.
All the organisms shown at the ends of evolutionary pathway branch tips are alive today.
- D.
Evolutionary pathways show that evolution is a short-term process.
Correct Answer
B. Two organisms on the same branch of an evolutionary pathway are more closely related to each other than to those on distant branches.Explanation
Just because something is at the end of the tips doesn't mean it's still alive...the organisms are still alive if they make it to "PRESENT" time. On the same branch, they are closely related.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Which graph represents a population that grew and is maintained at the carrying capacity of its ecosystem?
- A.
![Le August 2009 Multiple Choice - Quiz]()
- B.
![Le August 2009 Multiple Choice - Quiz]()
- C.
![Le August 2009 Multiple Choice - Quiz]()
- D.
![Le August 2009 Multiple Choice - Quiz]()
Correct Answer
D.Explanation
This population grew rapidly then leveled out. The carrying capacity graph typically looks like a squiggly line at the top, which levels out.Rate this question:
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- 31.
A laboratory procedure calls for heating 50 milliliters of a sugar solution to 60°C. Which piece of laboratory equipment will not be needed?
- A.
Protective eyewear
- B.
Ruler
- C.
Thermometer
- D.
Graduated cylinder
Correct Answer
B. RulerExplanation
Rulers are for measuring distance, not volume or temperature!!Rate this question:
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- 32.
Which statement best describes a hypothesis?
- A.
A hypothesis is the process of making careful observations.
- B.
The conclusion drawn from the results of an experiment is part of a hypothesis.
- C.
A hypothesis serves as a basis for determining what data to collect when designing an experiment.
- D.
The facts collected from an experiment are written in the form of a hypothesis.
Correct Answer
C. A hypothesis serves as a basis for determining what data to collect when designing an experiment.Explanation
The hypothesis tells us what data to collect. In other words, IF we exercise, THEN we will squeeze more clothespins.Rate this question:
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- 33.
The diagram below represents a species of bee that helps one type of orchid plant reproduce by carrying pollen on structure X from one orchid flower to another. Pollination by this species of bee is the only way the orchid can reproduce. If this bee species dies out, this orchid species would most likely
- A.
Cease to exist
- B.
Find another animal to carry the pollen
- C.
Flower at a different time of year
- D.
Develop another way to reproduce
Correct Answer
A. Cease to existExplanation
The orchid and the bee require each other for reproduction. Without the bee, the orchid will go extinct.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Which model best represents the relationship between a cell, a nucleus, a gene, and a chromosome?
- A.
![Le August 2009 Multiple Choice - Quiz]()
- B.
![Le August 2009 Multiple Choice - Quiz]()
- C.
![Le August 2009 Multiple Choice - Quiz]()
- D.
![Le August 2009 Multiple Choice - Quiz]()
Correct Answer
B.Explanation
The gene is the smallest component. The cell is the largest component. The rest fall into place.Rate this question:
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- 35.
A researcher recently discovered a new species of bacteria in the body of a tubeworm living near a hydrothermal vent. He compared the DNA of this new bacterial species to the DNA of four other species of bacteria. The DNA sequences came from the same part of the bacterial chromosome of all four species. According to these data, the unknown bacterial species is most closely related to
- A.
Species I
- B.
Species II
- C.
Species III
- D.
Species IV
Correct Answer
D. Species IVExplanation
There is only one difference between the unknown species and species IV.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Base your answers to this question on the passage below and on your knowledge of biology. Alaska: Anchorage — Birders noted a sharp increase in European starlings in the 2005 Anchorage Christmas Bird Count. The sometimes aggressive species is relatively new to Alaska. Only three starlings were spotted during the 1995 Christmas bird count. Last year, there were 35. This year, birders counted 156. Which graph best represents the change in the number of starlings seen in the Anchorage area?
- A.
![Le August 2009 Multiple Choice - Quiz]()
- B.
![Le August 2009 Multiple Choice - Quiz]()
- C.
![Le August 2009 Multiple Choice - Quiz]()
- D.
![Le August 2009 Multiple Choice - Quiz]()
Correct Answer
A.Explanation
Last year, there were 35 and this year, there were 156. 'NUFF SAID.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Base your answers to this question on the passage below and on your knowledge of biology. Alaska: Anchorage — Birders noted a sharp increase in European starlings in the 2005 Anchorage Christmas Bird Count. The sometimes aggressive species is relatively new to Alaska. Only three starlings were spotted during the 1995 Christmas bird count. Last year, there were 35. This year, birders counted 156. The change in the starling population in Anchorage from 1995 to 2005 could have been due to the presence of
- A.
A large population of competing species
- B.
A wide variety of predators
- C.
An abundant food supply
- D.
Very few flowering plants
Correct Answer
C. An abundant food supplyExplanation
with an abundant food supply, there will be a sharp increase in population.Rate this question:
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- 38.
The diagram below represents the bones of the forelimbs of two animals alive today that most likely evolved from a common ancestor. Members of the original ancestral population were isolated into two groups by natural events. If these two animals did have a common ancestor, which statement would best explain why there are differences in the bones?
- A.
Changes occurred to help the animals return to their original environment.
- B.
Changes contributed to the survival of the organisms in their new environment.
- C.
Changes helped reduce competition within each group.
- D.
Changes indicate the species are evolving to be more like the ancestral species.
Correct Answer
B. Changes contributed to the survival of the organisms in their new environment.Explanation
The differences in bones enable the species to survive in different environments.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Within which structure shown in the diagram below are energy-rich organic compounds used to produce ATP?
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
3
- D.
4
Correct Answer
A. 1Explanation
Mitochondria use glucose to produce ATP through the process of respiration.Rate this question:
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- 40.
The graph below shows the relative concentra- tions of certain hormones in the blood during the human female reproductive cycle. Which hormone has the lowest concentration on which day?
- A.
Hormone A on day 4
- B.
Hormone B on day 2
- C.
Hormone C on day 12
- D.
Hormone D on day 20
Correct Answer
B. Hormone B on day 2Explanation
Simple as looking at a graph...day 2, hormone B has the lowest concentration.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Which statement best describes the starch content of two leaves taken from the same plant shown in the chart below?
- A.
Neither leaf contains starch.
- B.
Both leaves contain the same amount of starch.
- C.
Leaf A contains more starch than leaf B.
- D.
Leaf B contains more starch than leaf A.
Correct Answer
D. Leaf B contains more starch than leaf A.Explanation
Leaf B was performing photosynthesis and should have more starch than Leaf B.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Base your answers to this question on the diagram below, which represents a chemical reaction that occurs in the human body, and on your knowledge of biology. Substances X and Y are examples of which kind of molecule?
- A.
Simple sugar
- B.
Amino acid
- C.
Fat
- D.
Hormone
Correct Answer
A. Simple sugarExplanation
Based on the diagram and knowledge of biology, substances X and Y in the chemical reaction are examples of simple sugars. This can be inferred because simple sugars are commonly involved in metabolic reactions in the human body, and the diagram represents a chemical reaction occurring in the body. The presence of substances X and Y suggests that they are simple sugars, which are important sources of energy for cellular processes.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Base your answers to this question on the diagram below, which represents a chemical reaction that occurs in the human body, and on your knowledge of biology. Which statement describes a characteristic of molecule Z?
- A.
Molecule Z will function at any temperature above 20°C.
- B.
Molecule Z is composed of a string of molecular bases represented by A, T, G, and C.
- C.
Molecule Z will function best at a specific pH.
- D.
Molecule Z is not specific, so this reaction can be controlled by any other chemical in the body.
Correct Answer
C. Molecule Z will function best at a specific pH.Explanation
Molecule Z (an enzyme) works best at a specific pH. Too high or too low will destroy the enzyme.Rate this question:
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