Public Interest Litigation

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| By Manjeet Sahu
Manjeet Sahu, Environmental Law
Manjeet is a UGC NET (Law) qualifier, with experience as a Legal Practitioner at the High Court of Jharkhand. He's also an author of two books on energy and environmental laws.
Quizzes Created: 1 | Total Attempts: 3,134
Questions: 10 | Attempts: 3,135

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Public Interest Litigation - Quiz

This quiz is framed to furnish the basic idea of PIL.


Questions and Answers
  • 1. 

    What is PIL?

    • A.

      Litigation for Protection of Constitutional remedies

    • B.

      Litigation for Protection of Public interest

    • C.

      Laws in favour of Public

    • D.

      Public immunity from Litigation

    Correct Answer
    B. Litigation for Protection of Public interest
    Explanation
    PIL stands for Public Interest Litigation, which refers to a legal action taken by individuals or organizations on behalf of the public or a group of people who are affected by a particular issue or violation of rights. It aims to protect and promote the interests of the public and ensure justice, fairness, and accountability. PIL serves as a mechanism to address social, environmental, and human rights issues, and it plays a crucial role in bringing about social change and upholding the principles of democracy and justice.

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  • 2. 

    Who was the another Judge to accept PIL along with Justice P.N.Bhagwati?

    • A.

      Justice M. Katju

    • B.

      Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer

    • C.

      Justice Ashok Bhan

    • D.

      Justice J.S. Verma

    Correct Answer
    B. Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer
    Explanation
    Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer was another judge who accepted PIL along with Justice P.N. Bhagwati.

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  • 3. 

    Identify the Personality?

    • A.

      Justice Ray

    • B.

      Justice P.N. Bhagwati

    • C.

      Chief Justice S.H. Kapadia

    • D.

      Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer

    Correct Answer
    B. Justice P.N. Bhagwati
    Explanation
    Justice P.N. Bhagwati is identified as the personality in this question.

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  • 4. 

    The concept of Public Interest Litigation originated in

    • A.

      United Kingdom

    • B.

      Canada

    • C.

      USA

    • D.

      South Africa

    Correct Answer
    C. USA
    Explanation
    Public Interest Litigation (PIL) originated in the USA. It is a legal mechanism that allows individuals or organizations to file lawsuits on behalf of the public interest or for the benefit of the general public. PIL enables citizens to bring attention to issues that affect society as a whole and seek legal remedies. This concept gained prominence in the USA during the 1960s and 1970s, with landmark cases such as Brown v. Board of Education and Roe v. Wade. PIL has since been adopted by various countries, including India, as a means to promote justice and protect the rights of the marginalized.

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  • 5. 

    In, Fertiliser Corporation Kamagar Union v. Union of India,AIR 1981 SC 344, Justice Krishna Iyer made a statement that the ‘law should not be a closed shop’, else ‘the system may crumble  under the burden of its own insensitivity’.  On what context does Justce Iyer made his statement?

    • A.

      Publicity Interest Litigation

    • B.

      Paisa Interest Litigation

    • C.

      Poltics Interest Litigation

    • D.

      Private Interest Litigation

    • E.

      None of These

    Correct Answer
    E. None of These
    Explanation
    The given question does not provide any context or information to determine the specific context in which Justice Iyer made his statement. Therefore, it is not possible to provide an explanation for the correct answer.

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  • 6. 

    The First case filed under Public Interest Litigation was

    • A.

      S.P.Gupta v.Union of inda, AIR 1982 SC 149

    • B.

      Fertiliser Corporation Kamagar Union v. Union of India,AIR 1981 SC 344

    • C.

      Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar,1979 AIR 1369

    • D.

      Badhua Mukti Morcha V. Union of India,AIR 1984 SC 802

    Correct Answer
    C. Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar,1979 AIR 1369
    Explanation
    This case was filed by an advocate and focussed on the inhuman conditions of the prisons,this case led to release more than 40,000 under trial prisoners.

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  • 7. 

    In 1981 Justice P.N. Bhagwati in S.P Gupta v. Union of India (1981)SCC 187 articulated the concept of PIL.What are the other aspect of PIL ?

    • A.

      It is remedial in nature

    • B.

      It is Non-Adversarial Litigation

    • C.

      It is relaxation over strict rule of Locus Standi

    • D.

      It is a representative standing

    • E.

      All of the Above

    Correct Answer
    E. All of the Above
    Explanation
    Remedial in Nature

    Remedial nature of PUL departs from traditional locus standi rules. It is indirectly incorporated the principles enshrined in the Part IV into Part III of Indian Constitution.
    Non-Adversarial Litigation

    Non-adversarial litigation has two aspects, namely:
    Collaborative Litigation: In collaborative litigation the effort is from all the sides. The claimant, the court and the Government or the public official, all are in collaboration here to see that basic human rights become meaningful for the large masses of the people.

    Investigative Litigation: It is investigative litigation because of it works on the reports of the Registrar, District Magistrate, comments of experts, newspaper, etc.
    Relaxation of Strict Rule of Locus Standi

    The rule of locus standi have been relaxed and a person acting bonafide and having sufficient interest in the proceeding of PIL will alone have a locus standi and can approach the court and genuine infraction of statutory provisions, but not for personal gain or private profit or political motive or any oblique consideration.

    Representative Standing

    Representative standing can be seen as a creative expansion of the well-accepted standing exception which allows a third party to file a habeas corpus petition on the ground that the injured party cannot approach the court himself.

    And in this regard the Indian concept of PIL is much broader in relation to the American PIL which is a modified form of class action.

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  • 8. 

    PIL can be filed under which court?

    • A.

      Supreme Court

    • B.

      High Court

    • C.

      Both a and b

    • D.

      None of these

    Correct Answer
    C. Both a and b
    Explanation
    PIL, or Public Interest Litigation, can be filed under both the Supreme Court and the High Court. This means that individuals or organizations can approach either court to seek legal remedies for issues that affect the public interest. The option "Both a and b" correctly reflects this fact.

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  • 9. 

    1. In Public Interest Litigation (PIL) vigilant citizens of the country can find an inexpensive legal remedy because there is only a nominal fixed court fee involved in this. 2. Further, through the so-called PIL, the litigants can focus attention on and achieve results pertaining to larger public issues, especially in the fields of human rights, consumer welfare and environment. Which of these statement is correct?

    • A.

      Only 1

    • B.

      Only 2

    • C.

      Both 1 and 2

    • D.

      None of the above

    Correct Answer
    C. Both 1 and 2
    Explanation
    Public Interest Litigation (PIL) provides an inexpensive legal remedy for vigilant citizens as it only requires a nominal fixed court fee. Additionally, PIL allows litigants to address and achieve results related to larger public issues such as human rights, consumer welfare, and the environment. Therefore, both statements 1 and 2 are correct.

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  • 10. 

    At present, the court can treat a letter as a writ petition and take action upon it. But, it is not every letter, which may be treated as a writ petition by the court. The   court  would be justified in treating the letter as a writ petition only in the following cases: (a)                It is only where the letter is not addressed by an aggrieved person or  (b)             A public spirited individual or (c)           A social action group for the enforcement of the constitutional or the legal rights of a person in custody or of a class or group of persons who by reason of poverty, disability or socially or economically disadvantaged position find it difficult to approach the court for redress. Which of the following statement are correct?

    • A.

      A,b and c

    • B.

      B and c

    • C.

      A and c

    • D.

      A and c

    Correct Answer
    B. B and c
    Explanation
    The correct answer is b and c. This is because the court can treat a letter as a writ petition only in cases where it is not addressed by an aggrieved person, but rather by a public spirited individual or a social action group. Additionally, the court can also treat the letter as a writ petition if it is for the enforcement of the constitutional or legal rights of a person in custody or a class or group of persons who are socially or economically disadvantaged. Therefore, both statements b and c are correct.

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  • Current Version
  • May 20, 2024
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Nov 13, 2011
    Quiz Created by
    Manjeet Sahu

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