Psychology Study Guide Questions
Russel Fordhardt and Helen Dust Study Guide to Psychology for Psychology by Schacter, Gilbert, and Wegner
- 1.The early roots of psychology are firmly planted in philosophy and:
- A.
Anatomy
- B.
Logic
- C.
Dualism
- D.
Physiology
- 2.Historians generally credit the official emergence of psychology as a science to:
- A.
Broca
- B.
Helmholtz
- C.
Wundt
- D.
Titchener
- 3.Willam James is to as Wilhelm Wundt is to
- A.
Functionalism; behaviorism
- B.
Functionalism; structuralism
- C.
Structuralism; behaviorism
- D.
Structuralism; functionalism
- 4.Structuralist psychologists' beliefs were diametrically opposed to what psychologists believed.
- A.
Functionalist
- B.
Behavioral
- C.
Gestalt
- D.
Cognitive
- 5.Humanistic psychologists accented the , where as Freud's view of human nature was largely .
- A.
Constructive; prospective
- B.
Negative; positive
- C.
Optimistic; pessimistic
- D.
Positive; negative
- 6.Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, is best known for his:
- A.
Experiments with salivating dogs
- B.
Experiments with head-bobbing pigeons
- C.
Work with clinically depressed clients
- D.
Experiments with rats and mazes
- 7.Sue's first-grade teacher gives yellow smiley faces for good work in the hopes of encouraging the children to do their best. According to principles of reinforcement, smiley faces would be:
- A.
Positive reinforcement
- B.
Stimuli
- C.
Reactionary agents
- D.
Negative reinforcement
- 8.Willhelm Wundt is to structuralism as Jean Piaget is to
- A.
Functionalism
- B.
Humanism
- C.
Evolutionary psychology
- D.
Cognitive psychology
- 9.Dr. Dixon studies what adolescents conform to the behaviors and opinions of other adolescents. Which are of psychology does her research best represent?
- A.
Cognitive psychology
- B.
Clinical psychology
- C.
Social psychology
- D.
Culturual psychology
- 10.The American Psychological Association was formed in:
- A.
1892 on the campus of Clark University
- B.
1939 at the beginning of World War II
- C.
At the turn of the century in 1900
- 11.Nurture is to nature as experience is to:
- A.
Nativism
- B.
Adaptation
- C.
Behaviorism
- D.
Phrenology
- 12.The first lab devoted exclusively to psychology as an independent field of study opened in
- A.
Berlin in 1879
- B.
Berlin in 1889
- C.
Leipzig in 1889
- D.
Leipzig in 1879
- 13.Which school of psychology was most concerned with the adaptive importance of mental processes?
- A.
Structualism
- B.
Behaviorism
- C.
Functionalism
- D.
Empiricism
- 14.Edward Titcherner is to Sigmund Freud as is to .
- A.
Inner sensations; the unconscious
- B.
Psychoanalysis; functionalism
- C.
Empiricisim; structuralism
- D.
Structuralism; functionalism
- 15.The branch of psychology that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings is called:
- A.
Humanistic psychology
- B.
Gestalt psychology
- C.
Cognitive psychology
- D.
Idealistic psychology
- 16.Which psychologists insisted that psychology focus entirely on the study of behavior-what people do- rather than what people experience?
- A.
Functionalists
- B.
Behaviorists
- C.
Structuralists
- D.
Gestalt psychologists
- 17.B.F. Skinner used a "conditioning chamber" in his research with:
- A.
Rats
- B.
Sea slugs
- C.
Cats
- D.
Dogs
- 18.The advent of in the 1950s had an enormous conceptual impact on the development of cognitive psychology.
- A.
Statistical programming
- B.
Stimulus-response
- C.
Conditioning
- D.
Computers
- 19.The study of the causes and consequences of interpersonal behavior is called:
- A.
Interpersonal psychology
- B.
Cause and effect
- C.
Behavioral psychology
- D.
Social psychology
- 20.Some psychologists believe that newborn babies turn away from noxious odors because this behavior increases their chance of survival. This perspective would be typical of psychologists.
- A.
Cultural
- B.
Psychoanalytic
- C.
Evolutionary
- D.
Social
- 21.Aristotle is to philosophical empiricism as Plato is to:
- A.
Philosophical structuralism
- B.
Nativism
- C.
Phrenology
- D.
Physiology
- 22.Which of the following people used the method of introspection to scientifically focus on basic elements of the mind?
- A.
Wilhelm Wundt
- B.
William James
- C.
John Watson
- D.
Rene Descartes
- 23.Wundt set up the first psychology research lab in Europe in 1879; set up the first research lab in the United States in 1881.
- A.
William James
- B.
Charles Darwin
- C.
Willhelm Wundt
- D.
G. Stanley Hall
- 24.When his parents put him in his car seat and start up the truck, 2-year old Mark almost immediately goes to sleep. The sound of the truck engine is a:
- A.
Response
- B.
Stimulus
- C.
Reinforcement
- D.
Reactionary agent
- 25.Jean Piaget is to as Edward Titchener is to .
- A.
Cognitive psychology; structuralism
- B.
Humanism; functionalism
- C.
Cognitive psychology; functionalism
- D.
Humanism; structualism
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