Basic Trivia Quiz On Psychology

When a neighborhood watch group forms to deter crime in the community, the primary need that is being met is safety. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs suggests that safety is one of the fundamental needs that individuals strive to fulfill. By forming a neighborhood watch group, community members are taking steps to create a safer environment, which addresses their need for security and protection. This can contribute to their overall well-being and allow them to focus on fulfilling higher-level needs.

According to Schutz's FIRO Theory, a group member who feels accepted by the group is considered an ideal social member. This means that they are able to effectively navigate social interactions within the group and are comfortable being a part of the social fabric of the group. They are likely to be well-liked and respected by other group members, and their social skills contribute positively to the overall dynamics of the group.

This statement suggests that the person is willing to go along with whatever task or direction is given to them, indicating a follower role. They are not expressing any personal preferences or taking a leadership role, which aligns with the teamworker-follower role.

Self-centered functions describe negative roles in which individual needs are put ahead of both the group's goal and other members' needs. This means that individuals who exhibit self-centered behavior prioritize their own needs and interests over the needs and goals of the group and other members. They may be focused on personal gain, recognition, or satisfaction, without considering the impact on the overall group dynamics and objectives.

This statement suggests that the group member is seeking information by checking the Affirmative Action Policy to understand its content and implications. The member is actively seeking knowledge and facts to contribute to the group's discussion or decision-making process. Therefore, the group member is functioning in the information seeker task role.

This person is demonstrating the role of a dominator. By using intimidating language and asserting authority, they are trying to control and monopolize the discussion, preventing others from sharing their ideas.

Control in a group refers to the extent to which members feel competent, confident, and free to make their own decisions. This means that control is not necessarily determined by an individual holding an official or unofficial leadership position. Instead, it is about empowering group members to have a sense of autonomy and belief in their abilities to make independent choices. This fosters a positive and productive group dynamic where members are more likely to contribute and take ownership of their work.

Communication apprehension refers to the level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons. It is the feeling of unease or nervousness that individuals may experience when communicating with others. This can manifest in various forms, such as fear of public speaking, anxiety in social situations, or difficulty expressing oneself verbally. Communication apprehension can have a significant impact on an individual's ability to effectively communicate and can hinder their overall communication skills and confidence.

McCroskey's research suggests that 20% of the general population experiences very high levels of communication apprehension.

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The most effective strategy for saying "No" to someone is to not immediately say "Yes" or "No" until you have heard and understood a specific request. This allows you to gather all the necessary information and consider the request before giving a response. It shows that you are actively listening and taking the time to evaluate the situation before making a decision. By doing so, you can ensure that your response is fair and appropriate.

According to Belbin's Team-Role Theory, an implementer is a role that describes a conscientious, methodical person who transforms group decisions into practical actions. This person is responsible for organizing and executing tasks efficiently and effectively. They are detail-oriented and ensure that plans are followed through to completion. They are focused on implementing ideas and turning them into tangible results.

Assertiveness seeks an appropriate balance between passivity and aggression. This means that being assertive involves expressing one's needs, opinions, and boundaries in a confident and respectful manner, without being overly passive or aggressive. It is about standing up for oneself and asserting one's rights and beliefs, while still being considerate of others and maintaining healthy relationships.

According to Schutz's FIRO Theory, if group members' affection needs are not met, they may become overpersonal or underpersonal members. This means that they may either become excessively focused on personal relationships within the group (overpersonal) or withdraw from social interactions and become distant (underpersonal). This can lead to imbalances in the group dynamics and affect the overall functioning and cohesion of the group.

When a group member exhibits a unique set of skills or behavioral patterns that serve specific functions within the group, that member has assumed a role. Roles are important in a group setting as they help distribute tasks and responsibilities, promote efficiency, and ensure that all necessary functions are fulfilled. Each member's role contributes to the overall functioning and success of the group.

Maintenance functions describe group members who strive to get along and satisfy one another's needs while pursuing a shared goal. These functions focus on building and maintaining positive relationships within the group, promoting cooperation, and addressing interpersonal conflicts. This includes activities such as offering support, resolving conflicts, fostering open communication, and promoting a positive group climate. Maintenance functions are essential for creating a cohesive and productive group dynamic.

The correct answer is c. Force yourself to speak as much and as often as you can to a variety of large and small audiences. This strategy is not suggested in the textbook for reducing communication apprehension in groups. The other strategies mentioned in the textbook include realizing that everyone experiences communication apprehension, being well prepared, substituting worrisome thoughts with positive thoughts, and visualizing oneself communicating effectively.

This statement would most likely be made by a group member functioning as a gatekeeper. A gatekeeper is responsible for ensuring that everyone in the group has an opportunity to contribute and that no one dominates the discussion. By reminding Maria that her input is needed, the group member is fulfilling the gatekeeper role and ensuring that everyone gets a chance to weigh in on the issue.

When someone joins an exclusive club or is elected as a leader of a prestigious group, their need for esteem is primarily met. Esteem refers to the recognition, respect, and admiration that individuals receive from others. Being a part of an exclusive club or being elected as a leader of a prestigious group increases one's status and reputation, which fulfills their need for esteem. This achievement provides a sense of accomplishment and boosts their self-worth and confidence.

The question is asking for a function that is not a group task role. Group task roles refer to specific roles that individuals perform within a group to help achieve the group's goals. Initiator, clarifier-summarizer, opinion seeker, and evaluator-critic are all examples of group task roles as they involve initiating ideas, clarifying information, seeking opinions, and evaluating/criticizing ideas respectively. However, compromiser is not a group task role as it does not involve any specific task or role related to achieving the group's goals. Therefore, the correct answer is b. compromiser.

Belvin's Team-Role Theory differs from the older Benne and Sheats's role classifications because it recognizes that group members seek out and perform roles that are most natural to them. This means that individuals are more likely to excel in roles that align with their skills, abilities, and preferences. In contrast, the older classifications may not take into account individual preferences and may assign roles based on external factors such as group goals or context.

The correct answer is a. openly discuss a member's apprehension with the entire group. This strategy may actually increase the anxiety and fear of the apprehensive member, as discussing their apprehension in front of the entire group can be overwhelming and embarrassing. The other strategies listed (b, c, d, e) are all effective ways to help reduce communication apprehension by providing support, encouragement, and creating a safe and inclusive environment for the apprehensive members.

Cognitive restructuring is an anxiety reduction technique that involves changing negative and irrational thoughts about communicating into more positive and rational ones. By substituting worrisome thoughts with positive thoughts, individuals can reduce their anxiety and improve their communication skills. This technique helps individuals challenge and reframe their negative beliefs, leading to a more confident and effective communication style.

The correct answer is c. dominate discussions. Compulsive talkers tend to dominate discussions by talking excessively and not allowing others to contribute or express their opinions. They often monopolize the conversation and may not be aware of or considerate of the needs and perspectives of others in the group.

The correct answer is e. information giver. In a group, the harmonizer is responsible for resolving conflicts and promoting cooperation among members. The tension releaser helps to alleviate stress and tension within the group. The gatekeeper ensures that all members have an equal opportunity to participate and contribute. The observer-interpreter analyzes and provides insights on group dynamics and communication patterns. However, the information giver does not have a specific role in group maintenance.

The other options mentioned focus on providing constructive feedback to the recipient, emphasizing the importance of focusing on behaviors, describing them without judgment, providing observations instead of assumptions, and choosing an appropriate time and place. However, giving feedback to advance your own goals does not necessarily contribute to providing constructive feedback to the recipient. It suggests that the feedback is driven by personal motives rather than a genuine desire to help the individual improve.

Walther's theory of hyperpersonal communication in virtual groups suggests that some members are more confident in mediated settings compared to face-to-face meetings. This theory suggests that individuals in virtual groups may feel more comfortable and confident expressing themselves online, leading to more open and honest communication. This can be attributed to factors such as reduced social cues and the ability to carefully craft and control one's online persona. Therefore, the correct answer is d.

Passive (nonassertive) group members exhibit characteristics such as being reluctant to express opinions, fearing criticism from others, experiencing high levels of communication apprehension, and rarely being satisfied with the group experience. However, they do not feel a greater sense of power. This means that they do not feel empowered or influential within the group setting.

Passive-aggressive group members typically exhibit behaviors such as undermining others behind their backs, having little respect for the rights of others, and behaving cooperatively. However, they rarely exhibit aggressive behaviors. The exception in this case is that they usually do not follow through with promised contributions, which sets them apart from the other characteristics of passive-aggressive group members.

Mark exhibits passive aggression. Despite agreeing to take notes during the meeting, he intentionally does not bring copies of the notes to the next meeting and claims to still be working on them, potentially delaying their availability. This behavior is passive aggressive because he is indirectly expressing his disagreement and frustration with the group decisions by not fulfilling his responsibility and causing inconvenience to others.

Highly apprehensive members are likely to agree with others rather than voice disagreement because they may fear conflict or negative reactions from the group. They may be more concerned with maintaining harmony and avoiding confrontation. This behavior can be a result of their anxiety or lack of confidence in expressing their own opinions.

Aggressive group members typically act in their own self-interest, may be critical and combative, may become abusive, and are rarely satisfied with the group experience. However, they are not highly respected by others in the group.