Psych 2
Going into early adulthood
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Michael has been diagnosed with ADHD, and had recently sstarted a common form of drug therapy. Michael is probably receiving a blank known to the nervous system of abults.
- A.
Stimulant; speed up
- B.
Stimulant; slow down
Correct Answer
A. Stimulant; speed upExplanation
Michael has been diagnosed with ADHD, which stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. This disorder is characterized by symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The common form of drug therapy for ADHD involves the use of stimulant medications. These medications work by increasing the levels of certain chemicals in the brain, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, which help to improve focus and attention. Therefore, it can be inferred that Michael is probably receiving a stimulant medication, which would speed up the nervous system of adults with ADHD.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Jack is cutting up a pizza for himself and his little brother, Craig. He starts to cut it into eight pieces, but his brother says, "Dont cut it into so many pieces; I cant eat that many." jack laughs but complies. Craig's reaction characterize thought, and Jack's reactions characterize thought.
- A.
Sensorimotor; preoperational
- B.
Preoperational; concrete operational
- C.
Concrete operational; formal operational
Correct Answer
B. Preoperational; concrete operationalExplanation
The correct answer is preoperational; concrete operational. Craig's reaction, expressing his inability to eat too many pieces, suggests that he is in the preoperational stage of cognitive development. This stage is characterized by egocentrism and a limited understanding of conservation. On the other hand, Jack's ability to understand and comply with his brother's request demonstrates that he is in the concrete operational stage. This stage is marked by logical thinking and the ability to understand conservation.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Diane is studying for an upcoming exam. She concentrates her studying on areas that are likely to be on the test, utilizes a variety of mnemonic devices, and focuses on learning the meaning of information rather than relying of rote memorization of information. Diane is displaying the use of
- A.
Metacognition
- B.
Megacognition
- C.
Metamemory
Correct Answer
C. MetamemoryExplanation
Diane is displaying the use of metamemory. Metamemory refers to the knowledge and awareness that individuals have about their own memory and the strategies they use to enhance their memory performance. In this case, Diane is actively selecting and focusing on areas that are likely to be on the test, using mnemonic devices to aid in remembering information, and prioritizing understanding the meaning of the information rather than simply memorizing it. All of these actions demonstrate her awareness of her own memory processes and her deliberate efforts to optimize her memory performance.Rate this question:
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- 4.
" Hannah has an IQ of 135. She is very bright, and I'm sure she will have no difficulties at all in any of her school subjects. With that level of intelligence, i'm sure she'll be quite sucessful no mater what career she chooses." This speaker is
- A.
Misusing the result of an IQ test
- B.
Giving an appropiate interpretaion of an intelligence test
- C.
Assuming that intelligence is composed of severl different factors
Correct Answer
A. Misusing the result of an IQ testExplanation
The speaker is misusing the result of an IQ test because they are assuming that a high IQ automatically guarantees success in all school subjects and any career choice. They are overlooking other important factors such as motivation, work ethic, and emotional intelligence that also contribute to success.Rate this question:
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- 5.
In terms of self-understanding, children in late chilhood are more likely than children in early childhood to
- A.
Use outer states to describe themselves
- B.
Compare themselves to role models
- C.
Compare themselves with their peers
Correct Answer
C. Compare themselves with their peersExplanation
During late childhood, children are more likely to compare themselves with their peers as they become more aware of social hierarchies and their own place within them. They start to develop a sense of identity and self-esteem, which is influenced by how they perceive themselves in relation to others. Comparing oneself with peers helps them understand their strengths and weaknesses, and it also serves as a way to assess their own social status and popularity. This comparison allows children to gain a better understanding of their own abilities and characteristics.Rate this question:
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- 6.
To investigate the nature of moral thought, Lawrence Kohlberg presented children with a story in which a character named Heinz faces a moral dilemma: the only way to save his mother's life is to steal and experimental drug he cannot buy. When Ellie read the story and was asked whether Heinz shouls steal the drug, she states, " No, it is against the law to steal. The husband should find another way to get the drug." According to Kohlberg's models, Ellie is in what stage of moral development?
- A.
Universal ethical principles
- B.
Social systems morality
- C.
Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity
Correct Answer
B. Social systems moralityExplanation
Ellie's response indicates that she is in the stage of moral development known as "social systems morality." This stage is characterized by a focus on following societal rules and laws. Ellie's reasoning is based on the belief that stealing is against the law, and she suggests that Heinz should find another way to obtain the drug within the boundaries of the legal system. This aligns with the principles of social systems morality, which prioritize obedience to authority and adherence to established social norms.Rate this question:
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- 7.
More that 80% of the respondents to a survey said that buying a stolen television set is morally wrong. Yet 50% admitted they would buy a stolen set if guarenteed they would not be caught. The data indicates:
- A.
Preconventional moral reasoning
- B.
That for many people, moral belief does not predict moral behavior
- C.
That social prohibitions are more potent than moral ones
Correct Answer
A. Preconventional moral reasoningExplanation
The given answer, "preconventional moral reasoning," is supported by the data provided in the question. Preconventional moral reasoning refers to a stage of moral development where individuals make decisions based on self-interest and avoiding punishment. In this case, the 50% of respondents who admitted they would buy a stolen television set if guaranteed not to be caught are displaying preconventional moral reasoning. They prioritize their own self-interest and the avoidance of punishment over moral beliefs. This suggests that moral belief does not always predict moral behavior, as indicated in the answer.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Whay are there moral elementary and secondary school children living in stepfamilies than there are infants and preschool children?
- A.
People tend not to have more children when they remarry
- B.
Remarriages consolidate children into blended families
- C.
It takes time to marry, have children, divorce, and remarry
Correct Answer
C. It takes time to marry, have children, divorce, and remarryExplanation
The reason why there are more moral elementary and secondary school children living in stepfamilies than infants and preschool children is because it takes time for individuals to go through the process of marrying, having children, divorcing, and remarrying. This implies that there is a time gap between the birth of infants and preschool children and the formation of stepfamilies. Additionally, people tend not to have more children when they remarry, and remarriages often consolidate children into blended families.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Caitlin's father is concerned that Caitlin is too agressive in her interactions with other childre. She often fights, and she has fewer friends thatn she used to have. which of the following strategies might be MOST helpful to Caitlin's father in addressing this problem?
- A.
Help Caitlin to learn to avoid social situations in which she may develop feelings of anger
- B.
Help Caitlin learn to interpret ambiguous social situations in nonaggressive ways
- C.
Help Caitlin learn to disclose her true feelings to peers, even if these feeling reflect negative aspects of the peers' behavior
Correct Answer
B. Help Caitlin learn to interpret ambiguous social situations in nonaggressive waysExplanation
The most helpful strategy for Caitlin's father to address her aggressive behavior and lack of friends would be to help her learn to interpret ambiguous social situations in nonaggressive ways. This would enable Caitlin to better understand social cues and respond appropriately, reducing the likelihood of conflict and aggression. By teaching her alternative interpretations and responses, Caitlin can develop more positive and effective social interactions, leading to improved relationships with her peers.Rate this question:
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- 10.
What do boys experience first when going throu puberty?
- A.
Increased penis and testicle size
- B.
The first ejaculation
- C.
Changes in voice
Correct Answer
A. Increased penis and testicle sizeExplanation
During puberty, boys experience various physical changes as their bodies mature. One of the first changes that occur is an increase in penis and testicle size. This is a result of hormonal changes that stimulate the growth of these reproductive organs. These changes are considered to be signs of sexual development and are typically one of the initial physical indicators that boys are entering puberty.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The ability to plan, set priorities, suppress impulses, and weigh consequences is weak in adolesence in part because the is the last part to mature
- A.
Amygdala
- B.
Hypothalamus
- C.
Prefrontal cortex
Correct Answer
C. Prefrontal cortexExplanation
During adolescence, the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for planning, setting priorities, suppressing impulses, and weighing consequences, is the last part of the brain to mature. This delayed development can explain why adolescents often struggle with decision-making, impulsivity, and prioritizing tasks. The amygdala and hypothalamus are not directly associated with these cognitive functions, making the prefrontal cortex the most suitable answer.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Sasha is having difficulty getting along with her best friend. She decides to think through the problem, writing down all the difficulties and try to generate possible reasons for them. She then considers what she can do to deal with the problems, weighing the pros and cons of each possibility. she is using which of the following to solve her problem?
- A.
Idealistic-scenario reasoning
- B.
Concrete-operational reasoning
- C.
Hypothetical-deductive reasoning
Correct Answer
C. Hypothetical-deductive reasoningExplanation
Sasha is using hypothetical-deductive reasoning to solve her problem. This type of reasoning involves generating possible explanations or hypotheses for the difficulties she is facing with her best friend. She then considers the pros and cons of each possibility to determine the best course of action. This approach allows Sasha to systematically analyze the problem and make informed decisions based on logical reasoning.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which limitaiton in preoperational thought reemerges during adolescence?
- A.
Egocerntrism
- B.
The ability to think abstractly
- C.
Self-serving bias
Correct Answer
A. EgocerntrismExplanation
During adolescence, the limitation of egocentrism reemerges in preoperational thought. This means that teenagers tend to focus on their own perspective and have difficulty understanding the viewpoints of others. They may believe that their own experiences and feelings are unique and that others think and feel the same way. This can lead to self-centeredness and difficulty in considering the thoughts and feelings of others, which is a characteristic of egocentrism.Rate this question:
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- 14.
In view of what you have learned about adolescent social development, which of the following is a likely reason for the commonness of cliques during adolescence?
- A.
Cliques encourage adolescents to become more aware of their own personal values and opinions
- B.
Cliques provide a transition between close dependence on family and adult independence
- C.
Cliques provide an opportunity for social interaction among those who have few close friends
Correct Answer
B. Cliques provide a transition between close dependence on family and adult independenceExplanation
During adolescence, individuals are transitioning from being dependent on their families to becoming more independent adults. Cliques provide a social setting where adolescents can start to develop their own identities and explore their interests outside of their families. Being part of a clique allows them to form close relationships with peers and gain a sense of belonging and support outside of their family unit. This helps them navigate the challenges of growing up and prepares them for the independence they will experience as adults.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The transition from adolescence to adulthood for culture that have rites of passage is less than for culture that do not.
- A.
Continuous
- B.
Stressful
- C.
Discontinuous
Correct Answer
A. ContinuousExplanation
The transition from adolescence to adulthood is continuous for cultures that have rites of passage. This means that there is a smooth and gradual progression from one stage of life to another, with clear markers and ceremonies to signify the transition. In contrast, cultures that do not have rites of passage may experience a more discontinuous transition, where there is no defined process or ceremony to mark the change from adolescence to adulthood.Rate this question:
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- 16.
What advice about bicultural identity would the psychologist Laura Brown give to a gay or lesbian couple?
- A.
You will cope best if you isolate yourselves as a couple and avoid contact with other people
- B.
You will cope best if you maintain strong contact with both the gay community and the heterosexual mainstream
- C.
You will cope best if you stay within your circle of gay and lesbian friends and avoid frequent contact with heterosexual people
Correct Answer
B. You will cope best if you maintain strong contact with both the gay community and the heterosexual mainstreamExplanation
Laura Brown would advise a gay or lesbian couple to maintain strong contact with both the gay community and the heterosexual mainstream. This advice suggests that embracing both aspects of their identity and engaging with a diverse range of people can contribute to their overall well-being and coping mechanisms. By staying connected to their own community and also interacting with the heterosexual mainstream, the couple can find support, understanding, and acceptance from different sources, which can help them navigate their bicultural identity more effectively.Rate this question:
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- 17.
According to William Perry, the development of cognitive processing during the early adult years involves an evolution from to
- A.
Pragmatics; idealism
- B.
Absolutism; relativism
- C.
Relativism; absolutism
Correct Answer
B. Absolutism; relativismExplanation
During the early adult years, according to William Perry, individuals undergo a cognitive development that involves a shift from absolutism to relativism. Absolutism refers to a belief in the existence of universal truths and principles, where there is a clear right or wrong. Relativism, on the other hand, acknowledges that truth and principles can vary depending on different perspectives and contexts. This development suggests that as individuals mature, they become more open to different viewpoints and recognize the complexity and subjectivity of knowledge and morality.Rate this question:
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- 18.
" I used to have more time to think about the theoretical ideals of truth, justice, beauty, and peace, but now I have three kids, two jobs, and a huge mortgage to pay. My 'ideali now is to make it to the end of the week so i can sit in the hot tub for an hour and think about how I'll cope with next week." As this statement shows, what we think about changes a good deal when we take on the responsibilities of adult life. This idea plays a central role in the theory of adult cognition proposed by
- A.
Labouvie-Vief
- B.
Perry
- C.
Piaget
Correct Answer
A. Labouvie-ViefExplanation
The statement suggests that as we take on the responsibilities of adult life, our priorities and focus shift from contemplating abstract ideals to more practical concerns. Labouvie-Vief's theory of adult cognition emphasizes the development of pragmatic thinking and the integration of emotions and logic in decision-making. This aligns with the idea presented in the statement, making Labouvie-Vief the most suitable option among the given theorists.Rate this question:
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