Psych 220

Poor eating habits during pregnancy can lead to malnutrition in the mother, which can have negative effects on the development of the baby. Malnutrition can result in the baby not receiving enough essential nutrients for proper growth and development, increasing the likelihood of birth defects and malformation. Therefore, the baby is more likely to be malformed if Marlena continues her poor eating habits during pregnancy.

A score of 3 on the Apgar Scale indicates that the newborn is in critical condition and there is a high risk to their survival. This score suggests that the baby may be experiencing severe respiratory distress, have a weak or absent heartbeat, and exhibit a very low level of muscle tone. Immediate medical intervention and resuscitation measures are necessary to improve the baby's chances of survival.

The correct answer is Germinal, embryonic, and fetal. Prenatal development refers to the period of development that occurs before birth. It can be divided into three distinct periods: germinal, embryonic, and fetal. The germinal period begins at conception and lasts for about two weeks. During this period, the fertilized egg undergoes rapid cell division and eventually implants itself in the uterine wall. The embryonic period follows and lasts from the third week to the eighth week of pregnancy. This is when the major organs and body systems begin to form. The fetal period begins at the ninth week and continues until birth. During this period, the developing organism is called a fetus and grows and matures in preparation for birth.

Based on the information given, Melissa is 10 days old and sleeps about 18 hours a day. This is consistent with the sleep patterns of a typical newborn, as newborns generally sleep for long periods of time throughout the day. Therefore, the answer "Sleeps as much as a typical newborn" is correct.

Four-month-old infants rely greatly on touch to determine how they will grip an object. At this age, their motor skills are still developing, and they rely on their sense of touch to explore and understand the world around them. On the other hand, 8-month-olds are more likely to use vision as a guide. By this age, their fine motor skills have developed further, allowing them to use their vision to guide their actions and make more precise movements.

The laws mentioned in the question, such as those aimed at reforming the welfare system, housing the homeless, providing relief for catastrophes, and improving education, all fall under the category of social policy. Social policy refers to the actions and measures taken by a government to address social issues and improve the well-being of its citizens. These laws are designed to tackle societal problems and promote social equity and welfare.

not-available-via-ai

Obesity during pregnancy can increase the risks to the fetus, such as stillbirth, admission to the NICU, and intrauterine fetal death. However, it is not associated with neonatal diabetes mellitus. Neonatal diabetes mellitus is a rare form of diabetes that occurs in the first few months of life. While maternal obesity can increase the risk of gestational diabetes, it does not directly cause neonatal diabetes mellitus.

Freud is often criticized for overemphasizing sexual instincts in his theory of psychoanalysis. While he did acknowledge the importance of other factors such as aggression and the death instinct, his focus on sexuality, particularly in the form of the Oedipus complex and the stages of psychosexual development, has been seen as excessive by many contemporary psychoanalytic theorists. They argue that Freud's emphasis on sexuality may have overshadowed other important influences on an individual's development, such as social and cultural experiences.

The amnion is a membrane that surrounds the developing fetus and is filled with amniotic fluid. Its main function is to protect the baby from external shocks and provide a cushioning effect. If Marsha's amnion is working properly, it will act as a protective barrier and absorb the impact of her fall, reducing the risk of any damage to the baby.

not-available-via-ai

Prenatal development refers to the period of growth and development of a fetus before birth. The typical duration of prenatal development is between 38 to 40 weeks. This is considered a full-term pregnancy, where the fetus has had sufficient time to develop and mature in the womb. This timeframe allows for the proper development of all major organs and systems, ensuring that the baby is ready for life outside the womb.

Substance abuse during pregnancy can have various negative effects on the developing fetus and the child. The statement that marijuana exposure is related to higher intelligence in children is false. Research has shown that prenatal marijuana exposure can lead to cognitive and behavioral problems in children, including lower IQ scores, attention and memory issues, and impaired executive functioning. Therefore, this statement contradicts the known effects of marijuana on child development.

A rooming-in arrangement means that Jessica's baby will stay in her room. This arrangement allows the baby to be with the mother at all times, promoting bonding and breastfeeding. It also allows the parents to learn how to care for their newborn under the guidance of the hospital staff. This arrangement is often preferred by parents who want to be actively involved in their baby's care from the very beginning.

At 6 days old, Amanda's hearing is still developing. Infants typically have better hearing for high-pitched sounds compared to low-pitched sounds. This is because the structures in the inner ear responsible for detecting high frequencies are more developed at this stage. As a result, Amanda is more likely to respond to and be more sensitive to high-pitched sounds.

MRI uses radio waves to construct an image of the brain. During an MRI scan, the patient is placed inside a strong magnetic field, which causes the protons in the body to align with the field. Radio waves are then applied, causing the protons to emit signals that are captured by the MRI machine. These signals are then processed to create detailed images of the brain, allowing doctors to diagnose various conditions and abnormalities.

During prenatal development, the spinal cord is one of the first organs or systems to develop. The spinal cord is formed from the neural tube, which begins to form early in embryonic development. The neural tube eventually differentiates into the brain and spinal cord. This early development of the spinal cord is crucial as it plays a vital role in transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body, controlling various bodily functions.

The prepared childbirth program includes several features to help pregnant women during labor and delivery. These features include the pregnant woman's partner serving as a coach, detailed education about anatomy and physiology, and a special breathing technique to control pushing. However, the presence of a midwife to assist in the process of childbirth is not mentioned as a feature of the program.

Damage to the temporal lobes can affect various functions, including hearing. The temporal lobes are responsible for processing auditory information and interpreting sound. Therefore, it is likely that Emily's ability to hear would be affected as a result of the damage she suffered.

The idea that no age period dominates development suggests that development occurs throughout the entire lifespan. This means that individuals continue to grow, change, and learn at all stages of life. It emphasizes that development is not limited to certain age periods or milestones, but is a continuous process that extends from birth to death. This perspective recognizes that development is ongoing and can occur in various domains, such as physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional. It also acknowledges that development is influenced by the context in which individuals live, including their culture, environment, and experiences.

The given statement suggests that by age 51, most women enter menopause. This is an example of a normative age-graded influence. Normative age-graded influences are events or experiences that are typical and expected to occur at certain ages for most individuals in a particular culture or society. Menopause is a natural biological process that typically occurs in women around the age of 51, making it a normative age-graded influence.

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that affects the lungs and digestive system. Physical and oxygen therapy help to improve lung function and clear mucus from the airways. Synthetic enzymes are used to aid digestion and absorption of nutrients. Antibiotics are prescribed to treat and prevent lung infections, which are common in people with cystic fibrosis. Therefore, physical and oxygen therapy, synthetic enzymes, and antibiotics would be appropriate treatments for Penny's condition.

Evolution takes place over many generations because it is a gradual process that occurs through the accumulation of small genetic changes over time. These changes are passed on from one generation to the next, resulting in the gradual transformation of species. It is not an immediate process, as significant changes in a species' characteristics and traits require multiple generations to occur. Therefore, evolution is a slow and gradual process that unfolds over many generations.

The correct answer is "Umbilical cord, placenta, and amnion." The umbilical cord connects the embryo to the placenta, which serves as a link between the embryo and the mother's bloodstream. The placenta provides nutrients and oxygen to the embryo and removes waste products. The amnion is a membrane that surrounds the embryo and contains amniotic fluid, which protects and cushions the developing embryo. Together, these three components form the life support system for the embryo during pregnancy.

During the first two trimesters of prenatal development, the basic architecture of the human brain is assembled. This is the period when the neural tube forms and develops into the brain and spinal cord. The brain undergoes rapid growth and differentiation, with the formation of different regions and structures. Neurons are generated and migrate to their appropriate locations, forming the foundation of the brain's structure. This early development is crucial for establishing the overall organization and connectivity of the brain, which sets the stage for further growth and refinement in the third trimester and after birth.

If baby Theresa has trouble with voluntary movement after being dropped, it suggests that her frontal lobe was damaged. The frontal lobe is responsible for voluntary movement, decision-making, problem-solving, and emotional control. Damage to this area can lead to difficulties in initiating and coordinating movements, as well as problems with cognitive functions and emotional regulation.

If the mother has active tuberculosis, it is recommended that she should not breastfeed. This is because tuberculosis is a contagious disease that can be transmitted through respiratory droplets, and breastfeeding can increase the risk of transmission to the baby. It is important to prioritize the health and safety of both the mother and the baby in this situation, and alternative feeding methods should be considered.

Babies coordinate their movements with perceptual information. This means that infants use their senses to gather information about their environment, and then use that information to guide their motor actions. For example, if a baby sees a toy that they want to reach for, they will coordinate their movements in order to reach and grasp the toy. This ability to integrate perception and motor activity is an important developmental milestone in infancy.

Development in the young-old and old-old is characterized by considerable plasticity, meaning that individuals in these age groups are still capable of adapting and changing. However, development in the oldest-old is characterized by frailty, indicating that individuals in this age group are more vulnerable and less able to adapt to changes.

The term "ethnic gloss" refers to the use of surface labels such as "Blacks," "Hispanics," and "Caucasians" that oversimplify and underrepresent the diversity and differences that exist within a racial or ethnic group. This practice fails to acknowledge the individual experiences, cultures, and identities within these groups, leading to a lack of understanding and appreciation for the complexity of human diversity.

Jasmine and her fetus being Rh incompatible means that Jasmine's blood may produce antibodies that can attack the fetus. This is because Rh incompatibility occurs when a pregnant woman with Rh-negative blood is carrying a fetus with Rh-positive blood. In such cases, the mother's immune system may see the Rh-positive blood of the fetus as a foreign substance and produce antibodies to attack it. These antibodies can cross the placenta and harm the fetus, leading to complications such as anemia, jaundice, or even stillbirth. Therefore, it is important for medical professionals to monitor and manage Rh incompatibility during pregnancy.

Bottle feeding the baby is not recommended because breastfeeding has been shown to have numerous benefits for both the mother and the baby, including promoting healthy weight gain in infants. Breast milk provides the ideal balance of nutrients and antibodies that can help the baby develop a healthy weight. Therefore, it is important for Kimberly to consider breastfeeding her third child to give them a better chance at achieving a healthy weight.

Normative age-graded influences refer to the societal expectations and experiences that are typical for individuals of a particular age group. These influences are predictable and shared by most people within a specific culture or society. Examples of normative age-graded influences include going to school, getting a job, and starting a family. In this context, the explanation suggests that the given influences, such as puberty and menopause, are typical and expected events that occur during specific age periods for most individuals.

A fertilized human egg cannot grow into a crocodile, duck, or fish specifically because of the genetic code. The genetic code of a human is different from that of a crocodile, duck, or fish. Each species has its own unique set of genes that determine their physical characteristics and development. These genes are passed down from parents to offspring and dictate the traits that an organism will have. Therefore, the genetic code plays a crucial role in determining the specific species that an organism will develop into.

The correct answer is the Brazleton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment scale. This scale is used by pediatricians to assess the behavior and development of newborn babies. It evaluates their reflexes, responses to stimuli, and interactions with people and objects. The scale helps in identifying any potential developmental issues or abnormalities in the newborn and assists in providing appropriate care and interventions. The WISC is a test used to assess the intelligence of children, while the Infant IQ test is not a recognized assessment tool. The Apgar scale is used to evaluate the physical condition of a newborn immediately after birth.

The correct answer is "More likely to be childless." This means that compared to earlier decades, a higher percentage of U.S. adults today do not have children. This could be due to various factors such as changing societal norms, increased focus on career and personal goals, delayed marriage and childbearing, or personal choice.

Adaptive behavior refers to actions or traits that enhance an organism's chances of survival in its natural environment. These behaviors allow the organism to adapt and thrive in its specific habitat, increasing its chances of finding food, avoiding predators, and reproducing successfully. Adaptive behavior can include various strategies such as camouflage, migration, or social cooperation. It is the most suitable answer in this context as it directly relates to behaviors that promote survival in the natural habitat.

Bottle feeding can contribute to unhealthy weight gain in infants because it is easier to overfeed a baby with a bottle compared to breastfeeding. With bottle feeding, it is more difficult for the baby to control their intake and they may consume more milk than they actually need. This can lead to excessive calorie consumption and weight gain. Additionally, bottle feeding may also involve the use of formula, which can be higher in calories compared to breast milk.

Organogenesis refers to the process of organ development during the first 2 months of prenatal development. It involves the formation and differentiation of the various organs and tissues in the developing embryo. This process is crucial for the proper development and functioning of the organs, and any disruptions or abnormalities during organogenesis can lead to congenital defects or malformations.

Neuronal migration refers to the process in which neurons move from their place of origin to their final location in the brain. This process is crucial for the development of the nervous system. The given answer, 6 to 24 weeks after conception, indicates the time frame during which neuronal migration occurs. This suggests that the migration of neurons takes place between 6 to 24 weeks after conception, highlighting the importance of this period in the formation of the brain.

The final stage of childbirth is known as the "placental stage" or "afterbirth stage" and refers to the delivery of the placenta. This stage typically lasts around 5-30 minutes, making it the shortest of the three birth stages. The first stage, known as the "latent phase," is typically longer for women having their second or later child compared to their first birth. Uterine contractions during active labor are usually 2-3 minutes apart, not five minutes apart. The first stage of childbirth ends with the full emergence of the baby's head, not when the baby completely emerges from the mother's body.

A very low NBAS score indicates brain damage. The NBAS (Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale) is a test used to assess the neurological and behavioral responses of newborns. A low score suggests impairment in the baby's brain function, which can have long-term effects on their development and functioning. Brain damage can result from various factors such as birth complications, lack of oxygen, infections, or genetic disorders. It is important to identify and address brain damage early on to provide appropriate interventions and support for the affected child.

The parietal lobe is responsible for processing sensory information and integrating it to understand spatial relationships. Damage to this area can result in difficulties with registering spatial locations, as the brain may struggle to accurately perceive and interpret the position of objects in the environment. This can affect Mark's ability to navigate his surroundings, judge distances, and perform tasks that require spatial awareness and coordination.

The given answer states that chronological age is becoming irrelevant in the US. This is supported by the examples provided in the question, where individuals of different ages are engaging in roles and activities that are not traditionally associated with their age group. This suggests that societal norms and expectations regarding age are changing, and people are no longer limited by their chronological age in terms of what they can do or achieve.

Mary and Jim are expecting a child and prenatal diagnostic procedures have confirmed that the fetus has Spina Bifida, a neural tube disorder that causes brain and spine abnormalities. Their physician has explained that this gene-linked abnormality could be treated with corrective surgery at birth, orthopedic devices, and physical or medical therapy.

not-available-via-ai

Music therapy is not used to overcome the threat of problems related to the breech position during delivery. Breech position refers to when the baby's buttocks or feet are positioned to be delivered first instead of the head. In such cases, the most common technique used to overcome this threat is a Cesarean section, where the baby is delivered through a surgical incision in the mother's abdomen. Massage therapy and acupuncture may have other benefits during pregnancy, but they are not specifically used to address the breech position during delivery.

Malorie being born during her mother's 32nd week of pregnancy indicates that she was born before the full 37 weeks of gestation, making her a preterm baby. Preterm babies are born before completing the full term of pregnancy and may require additional medical care and monitoring due to their underdeveloped organs and systems.

Hemophilia is a genetic abnormality characterized by delayed blood clotting, leading to both internal and external bleeding. This condition is caused by a deficiency or absence of certain proteins called clotting factors, which are necessary for the blood to clot normally. People with hemophilia may experience spontaneous bleeding or prolonged bleeding after injury or surgery. This condition is usually inherited and primarily affects males, although females can carry the gene and pass it on to their children.

Combining the genes of two parents in offspring increases genetic variability in the population. This is valuable for a species because it provides more characteristics for natural selection to operate on. Genetic variability allows for a wider range of traits and adaptations, increasing the chances of survival and reproduction in changing environments. It also helps prevent the accumulation of harmful mutations and promotes the overall health and resilience of the population.

The correct answer is "Parents suggest music lessons for their musically talented children." This exemplifies an evocative genotype-environment correlation because the children's musical talent (genotype) elicits a specific environment (music lessons) that supports and enhances their talent. The parents are responding to the children's inherent abilities and providing an environment that fosters their musical development. This is an example of how a person's genetic predispositions can shape their environment.

Taking adequate amounts of the B vitamin Folic acid can help prevent neural tube defects. Folic acid is essential for the proper development of the neural tube in the fetus, which eventually becomes the baby's brain and spinal cord. By ensuring that women have enough folic acid in their diet or through supplements, the risk of neural tube defects can be significantly reduced.

Infants whose mothers smoke are at a higher risk for SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome). Smoking during pregnancy or exposing the infant to secondhand smoke increases the likelihood of SIDS. The toxins in cigarette smoke can affect the baby's respiratory system and disrupt their breathing patterns, making them more vulnerable to SIDS. Therefore, Mimi, whose mother smokes, is the most at risk for SIDS among the given options.

Skinner's theory of operant conditioning states that a behavior followed by a rewarding stimulus is likely to be repeated, and a behavior followed by a punishing stimulus is less likely to recur. However, the statement that a behavior that is ignored will be repeated is not true according to Skinner's theory. In operant conditioning, behaviors that are not reinforced or rewarded tend to decrease and eventually extinguish over time.

Standardized tests assume that a person's behavior is consistent and stable. This means that the test assumes that an individual's performance on the test will be representative of their typical behavior and abilities. It assumes that a person's behavior and abilities will not significantly change from one testing situation to another. This assumption allows for the comparison of test scores among individuals and helps to establish a standardized measure of performance.

The younger a person is, the longer they are expected to live. This is because biological factors such as overall health, organ function, and disease susceptibility tend to decline with age. Younger individuals generally have stronger immune systems and are less likely to develop chronic illnesses or age-related conditions, leading to a longer life expectancy. Psychological and social factors may also play a role in lifespan, but the given statement specifically refers to the biological aspect.

The correct answer is Germinal. The period of development that includes the creation of the zygote, attachment to the uterine wall, and the continued cell division is known as the germinal period. This period begins at fertilization when the sperm and egg unite to form a zygote and ends when the zygote implants itself into the uterine wall. During this period, rapid cell division occurs, and the zygote develops into a blastocyst before implantation.

Prenatal cocaine exposure has been linked to various negative effects on the development of the child. These include less effective self-regulation, lower quality of reflexes at one month of age, and impaired motor development at 2 years of age. However, increased head circumference and lower excitability are not among the effects associated with prenatal cocaine exposure.

Maternal age is an important factor that can affect pregnancy outcomes. As women age, the risks of low birth weight, preterm delivery, and fetal death tend to increase. This is because older women may have more underlying health conditions or complications that can impact the development and health of the fetus. Additionally, older women may have a higher likelihood of genetic abnormalities in their eggs, which can also contribute to these risks. Therefore, the correct answer is "Over 35".

Brie's decision to take as few drugs as possible during delivery and have the baby sleep in her room after birth is aimed at increasing her chances of bonding with her new baby. By minimizing the use of drugs, she can be alert and fully present for her baby, facilitating the bonding process. Having the baby sleep in her room allows for constant proximity and interaction, further enhancing the bond between mother and child.

Shape constancy refers to the ability to perceive an object as having the same shape, regardless of its orientation or position. In this scenario, Amber understands that a dinner plate remains the same object whether it is flat on the table or standing in the dish drainer. This demonstrates her ability to perceive the shape of the dinner plate as constant, regardless of its orientation or position.

The correct answer is "Migration to rural areas." This is not a trend related to families around the world because the global trend is actually towards urbanization, with more people moving to cities rather than rural areas. This is due to various factors such as better job opportunities, access to education and healthcare, and improved infrastructure in urban areas. Therefore, migration to rural areas is not a common trend when it comes to families around the world.

During the fertilization process, the sperm and egg join together to form a zygote. At this stage, the transmission of AIDS from the mother to the infant is not possible because the virus is not present in the sperm or egg. AIDS can be transmitted from the mother to the infant during gestation across the placenta, during delivery through contact with maternal blood or fluids, and after birth through breastfeeding.

At two months old, Bo's weight is 10 pounds. To determine how many calories he should consume daily, it is important to consider his age and weight. While the question does not provide specific information about Bo's activity level or any other relevant factors, a general guideline for infants is that they require around 100-120 calories per kilogram of body weight per day. Since 10 pounds is approximately 4.54 kilograms, Bo would need around 454-544 calories daily. Among the given options, 500 calories is the closest to this range and would be a reasonable recommendation for Bo's father.

Ecological theory in biology focuses on the interaction between organisms and their environment, but it is criticized for underemphasizing the role of biology and cognitive influences in shaping behavior. This means that the theory does not adequately consider how biological factors and cognitive processes can impact an organism's behavior and development. Therefore, the correct answer suggests that ecological theory does not give enough importance to biology and cognitive influences when explaining behavior.

Sickle-cell anemia is a blood disorder that causes the body to produce abnormal red blood cells. These cells are shaped like sickles or crescents, which can get stuck in blood vessels and block the flow of oxygen. This leads to a reduced oxygen supply to the body's tissues and organs, causing symptoms such as joint swelling and potentially leading to heart and kidney failure. Treatment for sickle-cell anemia typically involves managing symptoms and complications through medications like penicillin, pain medication, and antibiotics, as well as blood transfusions. The mention of the Baby HUG study suggests that there is ongoing research to find better treatment options for this genetic disorder in the future.

Based on the symptoms described, Mariah is experiencing common signs of postpartum depression. It is not considered a normal reaction to have such extreme emotional and physical changes after giving birth. Seeking professional counseling would be a recommended course of action to help Mariah address and manage her postpartum depression.

Baby Kendra, who is only 6 days old, is likely to prefer her mother's nursing pad. Newborn babies have a strong sense of smell and are able to recognize their mother's scent. The familiar scent of her mother's nursing pad will provide comfort and a sense of security to Kendra. This preference is instinctual and helps to create a bond between mother and baby.

The answer suggests that Latinos are an example of a broad ethnic group in the United States. This means that Latinos are a diverse group of people with shared cultural and historical backgrounds, but they can come from various countries and have different ethnicities within the Latino umbrella. The term "Latinos" encompasses individuals with origins from Latin American countries, including but not limited to Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and Dominican Republic. This answer acknowledges the diversity within the Latino community while recognizing their common cultural connections.

The given answer, "Shared environmental traits," is correct because it refers to factors that siblings have in common within their environment. Parents' personalities or intellectual orientation, the family's socioeconomic status, and the neighborhood in which they live are all aspects of the environment that siblings share. These factors can influence the development and experiences of siblings in similar ways, leading to shared environmental traits.

RhoGAM is given to prevent the production of antibodies in Rh incompatible pregnancies. When a woman with Rh negative blood type becomes pregnant with an Rh positive fetus, there is a risk that her body will produce antibodies against the Rh factor, which can harm future pregnancies. RhoGAM contains Rh immune globulin, which helps to suppress the immune response and prevent the production of these antibodies. Therefore, RhoGAM is the correct answer in this case.

not-available-via-ai

If baby Giovanni can no longer see after falling down the stairs while scooting on the floor, it is likely that her occipital lobe was damaged. The occipital lobe is responsible for processing visual information and damage to this area can result in vision loss or impairment.

The epigenic view of development suggests that Cody's pitching ability is the result of a combination of heredity and environment. This means that while Cody may have a genetically inherited ability to accurately throw a ball, his environment, such as having parents who played baseball and softball, likely played a role in developing and nurturing his skills. This view emphasizes the interaction between genes and the environment in shaping an individual's abilities and characteristics.

Ferdinand Lamaze, a French obstetrician, developed a method known as prepared childbirth. This method focuses on educating and preparing expectant mothers for childbirth through breathing techniques, relaxation exercises, and mental conditioning. It aims to reduce fear and anxiety during labor and promote a more natural and empowering birth experience. Unlike induced childbirth, simulated delivery, or organic delivery, prepared childbirth emphasizes the importance of active participation and informed decision-making by the mother.

School readiness is associated with the developmental period of early childhood because it refers to a child's preparedness to enter formal schooling. During this period, children develop the necessary skills, knowledge, and behaviors to succeed in a school environment. This includes cognitive abilities such as language and problem-solving skills, social and emotional skills, and physical development. School readiness is an important milestone in early childhood development as it sets the foundation for future academic success.

The given answer, "Multidisciplinary," is the correct explanation because it states that psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, neuroscientists, and medical researchers all have an interest in studying development through the lifespan. This shows that development is not limited to a single discipline, but rather requires the collaboration and integration of multiple fields of study.

The implantation of the blastocyst to the uterine wall typically occurs around 11 to 15 days after conception. This is the period when the fertilized egg, known as a blastocyst, attaches itself to the lining of the uterus. The process of implantation is crucial for the development of a healthy pregnancy as it allows the embryo to receive nutrients and oxygen from the mother's body.

The case study of Michael Rehbein demonstrates that the brain is both flexible and resilient. Despite having the left hemisphere of his brain removed, his right hemisphere gradually reorganized and took over functions that are typically handled by the left hemisphere. This suggests that the brain has the ability to adapt and compensate for damage or loss of certain brain regions, highlighting its flexibility and resilience.

The study found that the infants recognized the pattern and tone of the familiar story. This suggests that the fetus was able to perceive and remember the story while in the womb, and that this recognition carried over after birth.

Behavior geneticist Robert Plomin's research suggests that the shared environment has a minimal impact on the variation in children's personality or interests. This means that factors such as parenting style, family environment, and shared experiences play a relatively small role in shaping these aspects of a child's development. Instead, Plomin's findings highlight the importance of genetic factors in determining individual differences in personality and interests among children.

Baruti's swollen belly, along with his thin, brittle, and colorless hair, swollen feet, and listless behavior, are all indicative of kwashiorkor. Kwashiorkor is a form of severe malnutrition that occurs when there is a lack of protein in the diet. This condition leads to fluid retention in the abdomen, causing the belly to become swollen. The lack of protein also affects the body's ability to maintain healthy hair, leading to thin and brittle hair. Swollen feet can be a result of fluid retention as well. The overall listless behavior is a common symptom of malnutrition. Therefore, all the mentioned symptoms align with the diagnosis of kwashiorkor.

The given statement suggests that infants first gain control over their trunk and arms before they gain control over their hands and fingers. This indicates a proximodistal pattern of growth, where development starts from the center of the body and progresses towards the extremities.

Piaget's four stages of cognitive development span from conception to adulthood. This means that the process of cognitive development begins from the moment of conception and continues throughout a person's lifespan until they reach adulthood. It implies that cognitive development is a lifelong process that starts before birth and progresses as individuals grow and mature. This answer accurately reflects the chronological timeline of Piaget's stages, highlighting the comprehensive nature of cognitive development from conception to adulthood.

The potential to diagnose a baby's sex and various diseases and defects through NIPD raises ethical concerns about couples' motivation to terminate a pregnancy. This means that if couples are able to find out early on that their baby may have a certain condition or is of a certain sex, they may be more inclined to consider terminating the pregnancy based on these factors. This raises questions about the value placed on certain traits or conditions, and the potential impact on the overall well-being and diversity of society.

The statement "Heredity influences the nonshared environment of siblings" is true. This means that genetics can play a role in shaping the unique experiences and environments that siblings have, even if they grow up in the same household. While shared environment can account for some similarities between siblings, such as growing up in the same family, genetics can still influence the differences in their individual experiences and environments.

The explanation for the correct answer, Ethological, is that ethology is the scientific study of animal behavior, particularly in natural environments. This perspective emphasizes the role of evolution and genetics in shaping behavior. In this case, the belief that girls are more nurturing than boys due to the need for females to aid in the survival of the species aligns with the ethological perspective, which focuses on the adaptive significance of behavior.

The Apgar scale is a standardized assessment tool used to evaluate the physical condition of a newborn immediately after birth. It measures five vital signs: heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and skin color. These indicators provide information about the newborn's ability to respond to the stress of delivery. By assessing these factors, healthcare providers can quickly determine if the newborn requires immediate medical attention or if they are adapting well to the outside world.

The correct answer is the umbilical cord. The umbilical cord is responsible for carrying oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the unborn child. If there is a problem with the umbilical cord, it can result in the unborn child not receiving enough oxygen or nutrients, which can be a serious issue for the baby's development and health.

The given answer states that by 15 months, french fries were the most common vegetable that babies ate. This implies that parents are not feeding their babies enough nutritious vegetables and are instead opting for less healthy options like french fries. This is supported by the previous statement that many US parents are feeding their babies too many fruits and not enough vegetables.

Paul's decreased strength and enjoyment of his time of decreased responsibility suggest that he is in late adulthood. This stage is characterized by physical decline and a shift in roles and responsibilities. Developmental psychologists would recognize Paul's situation as a typical experience of individuals in late adulthood.

Angelo's symptoms of being highly excitable and impulsive, in addition to having a learning disability, suggest that his mother may have used cocaine while pregnant. Cocaine use during pregnancy can have detrimental effects on the developing fetus, including impairments in cognitive function and behavior.

The statement that with each subsequent pregnancy, the risk of complications for an Rh-positive baby of an Rh-negative mother is reduced is false. In fact, with each subsequent pregnancy, the risk of complications increases. This is because during the first pregnancy, the mother's immune system is sensitized to the Rh factor and produces antibodies. In subsequent pregnancies, these antibodies can cross the placenta and attack the Rh-positive baby's red blood cells, leading to complications such as anemia, jaundice, and other serious health issues.

Parents often have different parenting styles and expectations for each of their children, which can lead to different interactions with each sibling. Similarly, siblings may have different personalities and interests, leading to different interactions with their parents. These unique experiences occurring within the family contribute to the nonshared environment of siblings.

The correct answer is Endoderm. The endoderm is one of the three major cell layers that form during embryonic development. It gives rise to the respiratory and digestive systems, as well as other internal organs such as the liver, pancreas, and bladder. If there is a problem in the formation of the endoderm, it can lead to abnormalities and issues with these systems. In Chu-Lin's case, her doctor suggests that the respiratory and digestive problems in her baby are likely due to a problem in the formation of the endoderm during early development.

Research in cultural diversity and developmental milestones suggests that physical stimulation, such as daily massages and limb stretches, can positively impact a child's development. Since Hermes receives this physical stimulation from his mother, it is likely that he will reach developmental milestones, such as walking, sooner compared to Robert, who does not receive such stimulation from his mother. Therefore, Hermes will walk sooner than Robert.

REM sleep might promote the brain's development in infancy.

The research review suggests that newborns with physical defects are more likely to have diabetic mothers. This implies that there may be a correlation between maternal diabetes and the occurrence of physical defects in newborns. Further research would be needed to determine the exact relationship between maternal diabetes and physical defects in newborns.