Psych 220

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  • 1/148 Questions

    Tammy is pregnant with her first child. She tells you that she loves swordfish and has it for dinner two or three times a week. Based on current research, what should you advise Tammy about her diet?

    • Swordfish is not recommended for pregnant women because it can contain high levels of mercury
    • Swordfish is not one of the fish that Tammy should avoid
    • Swordfish is a great source of protein and she should continue to consume it
    • Swordfish is not as good for her as kin mackerel; she should try to eat more mackerel.
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About This Quiz

Psych 220 quiz assesses understanding of key psychological theories and concepts, focusing on Piaget, Skinner, Bronfenbrenner, and research methodologies. It's designed to evaluate knowledge of developmental stages, behavioral conditioning, ecological systems, and experimental design.

Psych 220 - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the differences between outcomes for adopted and nonadopted children?

    • Adoptees were no more likely to be using mental health serices than their nonadopted counterparts.

    • Children who are adopted very early in their lives are more likely to have positive outcomes than children adopted later in life

    • Nonadopted children are likely to experience more school-related problems than adopted children

    • Adopted adolescents were more likely to be withdrawn.

    Correct Answer
    A. Children who are adopted very early in their lives are more likely to have positive outcomes than children adopted later in life
    Explanation
    Children who are adopted very early in their lives are more likely to have positive outcomes than children adopted later in life. This suggests that the timing of adoption plays a significant role in the well-being of adopted children. Early adoption allows children to form secure attachments with their adoptive parents, which can positively impact their emotional and social development. On the other hand, children adopted later in life may have experienced more instability and trauma, which could lead to greater challenges in their overall outcomes.

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  • 3. 

    Many individuals become wiser as they age, but their performance on tasks that require speend in processing information starts to decline. This illustrates how throughout life, some dimensions or componenets of a dimension expand and others shrink, or how development is:

    • Multidirectional

    • Plastic

    • Contextual

    • Multidimensional

    Correct Answer
    A. Multidirectional
    Explanation
    As individuals age, they tend to gain wisdom and knowledge through their experiences, indicating that development is multidirectional. This means that different aspects of development can progress or regress at different rates and in different directions. While cognitive processing speed may decline, other dimensions such as wisdom and emotional intelligence may continue to expand. Therefore, the concept of multidirectional development accurately explains the observed phenomenon.

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  • 4. 

    Pedro and Maria are 7 year olds who live in rural Guatemala. Pedro's mother had taken nutritional supplements when she was pregnant with him. Pedro was also given nutritional supplements as an infant. Maria's parents simply feed her a normal age-appropriate diet. The findings of a study that linked the diets of rural Guatemalan infants with their social development at the time they entered elementary school would indicate that:

    • Pedro will show better social development

    • Maria will show better social development

    • There will be no difference in the social development of the children

    • Pedro will develop faster socially, but Maria will eventually catch up.

    Correct Answer
    A. Pedro will show better social development
    Explanation
    The nutritional supplements that Pedro received as an infant, along with his mother's intake during pregnancy, may have provided him with essential nutrients for proper brain development. This could potentially lead to better social development compared to Maria, who only had a normal age-appropriate diet. However, it is important to note that this advantage may not be permanent, as Maria may eventually catch up to Pedro's social development over time.

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  • 5. 

    Sarah is a 20 year old college student who is paralyzed from the waist down. She can walk with difficulty with crutches but prefers her wheelchair. Sarah tells you that her condition is due to a birth defect. Which of the following birth defects did Sarah MOST likely have?

    • Spina bifida

    • Multiple sclerosis

    • Anencephaly

    • Neuronal migration

    Correct Answer
    A. Spina bifida
    Explanation
    Sarah's condition of being paralyzed from the waist down and her ability to walk with difficulty using crutches suggests that her condition is related to a problem with her spinal cord. Spina bifida is a birth defect where the spinal cord does not develop properly, often leading to paralysis and difficulty walking. Therefore, spina bifida is the most likely birth defect that Sarah has.

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  • 6. 

    Which of the following statements about the effects of the use of marijuana on offspring is TRUE?

    • Research has concluded that marijuana use by pregnant women is associated with memory deficits in their offspring.

    • Research has shown that mothers who use marijuana while pregnant risk that their offspring will use marijuana by age 14.

    • Research has indicated that mothers who use marijuana while pregnant have higher risk of having a child who develops depression by age 10

    • Research has concluded that controlled doses of marijuana is associated with increased memory in the developing offspring.

    Correct Answer
    A. Research has shown that mothers who use marijuana while pregnant risk that their offspring will use marijuana by age 14.
    Explanation
    Research has shown that mothers who use marijuana while pregnant risk that their offspring will use marijuana by age 14. This statement suggests that there is a correlation between maternal marijuana use during pregnancy and the likelihood of their children using marijuana later in life. The research indicates that there is a potential influence of maternal behavior on the behavior of their offspring in relation to marijuana use.

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  • 7. 

    Benny has been diagnosed with a gene-linked abnormality characterized by deceleration of mental and physical development caused by an accumulation of lipids in the nervous system. He has been put on medication and a special diet, but his family has been told that he will probably not live beyond the age of five. Benny is suffering from...

    • Tay-Sachs disease

    • PKU

    • Huntington disease

    • Spina Bifida

    Correct Answer
    A. Tay-Sachs disease
    Explanation
    Benny is suffering from Tay-Sachs disease. This is a gene-linked abnormality characterized by the accumulation of lipids in the nervous system, leading to a deceleration of mental and physical development. The disease is typically fatal, with most individuals not living beyond the age of five. Medication and a special diet are prescribed to manage the symptoms, but there is no cure for Tay-Sachs disease.

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  • 8. 

    Which of the following disorders is LEAST likely to happen to the child of a mother 16 to 34 years old?

    • Klinefelter's syndrome

    • Bell's palsy

    • Down syndrome

    • Turner syndrome

    Correct Answer
    A. Down syndrome
    Explanation
    Down syndrome is caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, usually resulting from an error in cell division called nondisjunction. The risk of having a child with Down syndrome increases with the mother's age, especially after the age of 35. Therefore, it is least likely to happen to the child of a mother between 16 to 34 years old.

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  • 9. 

    When baby Juan was born, he had problems with his sensory systems. There were noticeable defects in his eyes, ears, and nose. Most likely, Juan's problems came from defects in the formation of the ---

    • Trophoblast

    • Ectoderm

    • Mesoderm

    • Endoderm

    Correct Answer
    A. Ectoderm
    Explanation
    During embryonic development, the ectoderm is responsible for forming the sensory organs such as the eyes, ears, and nose. Therefore, the noticeable defects in Juan's sensory systems suggest that his problems originated from defects in the formation of the ectoderm.

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  • 10. 

    Which of the following is an issue in interpreting the benefits of breast feeding that was underscored in a recent large-scale research review?

    • Breast fed babies could be healthier because women who breast feed are wealthier, older, more educated, and likely more health-conscious.

    • Research findings highlighting a number of breast feeding benefits for children and mothers imply causality.

    • Breast versus bottle feeding studies are experimental and not correlational

    • Research undertaken in recent times have covered small sample sizes and cannot be seen as representing the whole population

    Correct Answer
    A. Breast fed babies could be healthier because women who breast feed are wealthier, older, more educated, and likely more health-conscious.
    Explanation
    The correct answer suggests that one issue in interpreting the benefits of breastfeeding is the potential confounding factors. It highlights that breastfed babies may appear healthier not solely due to breastfeeding itself, but because the women who breastfeed tend to have certain characteristics such as being wealthier, older, more educated, and health-conscious. These factors could also contribute to the overall health of the babies, making it difficult to determine if the benefits are solely due to breastfeeding.

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  • 11. 

    Ameera is pregnant and is a heavy smoker. Which of the following is her baby MORE likely to have than is the baby of a nonsmoker?

    • Facial and limb deformities

    • Sudden infant death syndrome

    • Cleft palate

    • Tremors and increase general irritability

    Correct Answer
    A. Sudden infant death syndrome
    Explanation
    Ameera's baby is more likely to have sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) than the baby of a nonsmoker. Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of SIDS, which is the unexplained death of a seemingly healthy baby, typically occurring during sleep. It is important for pregnant women to quit smoking to reduce the risk of SIDS and other adverse health effects on their babies.

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  • 12. 

    Which of the following maternal diseases carries the risk of delivering overweight babies weighing 10 pounds or more?

    • AIDS

    • Gestational diabetes

    • Gestational herpes

    • Syphilis

    Correct Answer
    A. Gestational diabetes
    Explanation
    Gestational diabetes is a maternal disease that carries the risk of delivering overweight babies weighing 10 pounds or more. This condition occurs during pregnancy when the body is unable to properly regulate blood sugar levels. High blood sugar levels can lead to excessive growth of the baby, resulting in a higher birth weight. Therefore, gestational diabetes increases the likelihood of delivering a baby weighing 10 pounds or more.

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  • 13. 

    When babies engage in physical activity or use language, some synaptic connections will be strengthened, while the unused ones are replaced by other pathways or disappear. A neuroscientists would identify this process as...

    • Pruning

    • Myelination

    • Paring

    • Trimming

    Correct Answer
    A. Pruning
    Explanation
    Pruning is the correct answer because it refers to the process in which synaptic connections in the brain are strengthened through use, while unused connections are eliminated or replaced by other pathways. This process is essential for the development and organization of the brain, allowing for efficient neural communication and cognitive functioning.

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  • 14. 

    Infants can see objects before they can control their torso, and they can use their hands long before they can crawl or walk. This would indicate that they have a -- pattern of growth. 

    • Proximocaudal

    • Cephalocaudal

    • Cephalodistal

    • Proximodistal

    Correct Answer
    A. Cephalocaudal
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Cephalocaudal. This pattern of growth refers to the development of infants from head to tail. It means that infants develop control over their head and upper body before gaining control over their lower body and limbs. In this case, the statement indicates that infants can see objects before they can control their torso, which aligns with the concept of cephalocaudal development.

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  • 15. 

    Denise argues that early experiences are more important; Barbara believes that both early and later experiences are important. Denise's view is consistent --, while Barbara's view would be supported by --. 

    • Freud, Erikson

    • Eirkson, Blos

    • Blos, Erikson

    • Erikson, Freud

    Correct Answer
    A. Freud, Erikson
    Explanation
    Denise argues that early experiences are more important, which aligns with Freud's theory of psychosexual development. Freud believed that early childhood experiences, particularly those related to the development of the id, ego, and superego, have a significant impact on an individual's personality. On the other hand, Barbara believes that both early and later experiences are important, which is consistent with Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. Erikson proposed that individuals go through various stages of development throughout their lives, and each stage presents unique challenges and opportunities for growth. Therefore, Barbara's view would be supported by Erikson's theory.

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  • 16. 

    Sine 1992, the American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended that -- to reduce the risk of SIDS

    • Parents practice shared sleeping with their infants

    • Babies be fed on demand instead of on a schedule

    • Infants be placed to sleep on their backs

    • All fans in the room be turned off while putting the baby down to sleep

    Correct Answer
    A. Infants be placed to sleep on their backs
    Explanation
    Infants should be placed to sleep on their backs to reduce the risk of SIDS. This recommendation has been made by the American Academy of Pediatrics since 1992. Placing babies on their backs to sleep helps to ensure a clear airway and reduces the likelihood of suffocation. It is considered a safe sleeping position for infants and has been shown to significantly decrease the incidence of SIDS.

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  • 17. 

    Winnie is considering the use of anesthesia during the circumcision of her newborn son. She wants to know if newborns can feel pain. What would you tell her?

    • No; most infants sink into a deep sleep right after surgery

    • Yes; recent research indicates that infants can feel pain

    • Maybe; research on the matter is inconclusive as of now

    • No, infants feed and interact normally with caregivers soon after surgery

    Correct Answer
    A. Yes; recent research indicates that infants can feel pain
    Explanation
    Recent research indicates that infants can feel pain. This means that anesthesia should be considered during the circumcision of Winnie's newborn son to ensure that he does not experience unnecessary pain.

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  • 18. 

    According to the analysis included in the text, which of the following statements about the "young-old" is true?

    • They have little potential for physical and cognitive fitness

    • They can develop strategies to cope with the gains and losses of aging

    • They show considerable loss in cognitive skills

    • They are people between 60 and 70 years of age.

    Correct Answer
    A. They can develop strategies to cope with the gains and losses of aging
    Explanation
    The analysis in the text suggests that the "young-old" can develop strategies to cope with the gains and losses of aging. This implies that they have the ability to adapt and find ways to manage the changes that come with getting older. It does not mention anything about their potential for physical and cognitive fitness or considerable loss in cognitive skills. Additionally, the age range of the "young-old" is not provided in the text.

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  • 19. 

    Harry fights constantly with his parents. Bronfenbrenner would predict that Harry might have difficult related to his teacher because of a disruption in his. 

    • Mesosystem

    • Exosystem

    • Chronosystem

    • Macrosystem.

    Correct Answer
    A. Mesosystem
    Explanation
    Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory suggests that the different systems in a person's environment interact and influence their development. The mesosystem refers to the connections between different microsystems, such as the interactions between family and school. In this case, Harry's constant fights with his parents indicate a disruption in his family microsystem. Bronfenbrenner would predict that this disruption could affect his relationship with his teacher, who is part of his school microsystem, leading to difficulties in that area. Therefore, the correct answer is mesosystem.

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  • 20. 

    Linda's baby is about to be born. The baby's head is at the top of the uterus, and the baby's lower extremeties are on the cervix. This situation is:

    • Called a breach position

    • Called a precipitate position

    • Normal for delivery

    • Called afterbirth

    Correct Answer
    A. Called a breach position
    Explanation
    The given situation is called a breach position. In this position, the baby's head is at the top of the uterus, and the baby's lower extremities are on the cervix. This means that the baby is positioned in a way that its buttocks or feet will come out first during delivery, instead of the head. This is not the normal position for delivery, as the head is typically supposed to come out first.

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  • 21. 

    Two birth defects that are related to a failure of the neural tube to close at about 24 days after conception are -- and --. 

    • ADHD, autism

    • Down syndrome, Tay-Sach's disease

    • Spina bifida; anencephaly

    • Trisomy 13, Trisomy 18

    Correct Answer
    A. Spina bifida; anencephaly
    Explanation
    Spina bifida and anencephaly are both birth defects that occur when the neural tube fails to close properly around 24 days after conception. Spina bifida is a condition where the spinal cord does not develop properly, leading to physical disabilities. Anencephaly is a condition where the brain and skull do not fully form, resulting in severe neurological abnormalities. Both of these defects are caused by a failure in the closure of the neural tube, which is crucial for the proper development of the central nervous system.

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  • 22. 

    In predicting an adult woman's behavior, it may be more important to know that she is the mother of a 3-year-old child than to know whether she is 20 or 30 years old. This reflects the concept of:

    • Social age

    • Historical age

    • Chronological age

    • Psychological age

    Correct Answer
    A. Social age
    Explanation
    The concept of social age suggests that knowing a woman's role as a mother of a 3-year-old child is more important in predicting her behavior than her chronological age. This implies that the social roles and responsibilities associated with being a mother may have a greater influence on her behavior than the number of years she has lived.

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  • 23. 

    Which of the following statements about teratogens is TRUE?

    • The effect of a teratogen is absent if the mother was exposed to it before conception

    • Male fetuses are far more likely to be affect by teratogens than female fetuses

    • Few fetuses are actually exposed to teratogens

    • Teratogenic factors related to the father do not affect the developing baby

    Correct Answer
    A. Male fetuses are far more likely to be affect by teratogens than female fetuses
    Explanation
    Male fetuses are far more likely to be affected by teratogens than female fetuses. This is because male fetuses have a longer period of vulnerability during development compared to female fetuses. Male reproductive organs begin to develop later in gestation, making them more susceptible to the harmful effects of teratogens. Additionally, male fetuses have a higher metabolic rate, which can increase their exposure to teratogens. Therefore, it is true that male fetuses are more likely to be affected by teratogens than female fetuses.

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  • 24. 

    Which of the following statements is true of how neurons change in the first years of life?

    • Myelination, the process of encasing axons with fat cells, begins prenatally and stops at birth.

    • The synaptic connections made at birth will last for the duration of the life-span of the individual

    • The synaptic connections that are used become strengthened and survive, while the unused ones are replaced

    • The human brain actually needs more than twice of the neural connections made in the first years of life

    Correct Answer
    A. The synaptic connections made at birth will last for the duration of the life-span of the individual
    Explanation
    The statement that the synaptic connections made at birth will last for the duration of the individual's life-span is incorrect. Neurons and their connections are constantly changing and adapting throughout life, including in the first years of life. This process is known as synaptic pruning, where unused connections are eliminated and the connections that are used become strengthened and survive. This allows the brain to become more efficient and specialized in processing information. Therefore, the correct statement is that the synaptic connections that are used become strengthened and survive, while the unused ones are replaced.

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  • 25. 

    Kyle and Amy want their baby to walk early, so they place the baby's favorite toy where the child cannot reach it from a crawling position. Kyle and Amy believe that this will motivate the baby to stand upright to retreive the toy and will thus result in him walking sooner. Their belief is most consistent with the -- view of development. 

    • Maturational systems

    • Dynamic systems

    • Evolutionary systems

    • Static systems

    Correct Answer
    A. Dynamic systems
    Explanation
    Kyle and Amy's belief that placing the baby's favorite toy out of reach will motivate the baby to stand upright and retrieve it aligns with the dynamic systems view of development. The dynamic systems view emphasizes that development is influenced by multiple interacting factors, including the environment and the individual's own actions. In this case, Kyle and Amy are manipulating the environment (placing the toy out of reach) to encourage the baby to engage in a new behavior (standing upright), which is believed to facilitate walking earlier. This approach recognizes the active role of the baby in shaping their own development and the dynamic nature of the interaction between the baby and their environment.

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  • 26. 

    According to evolutionary development psychologists, many evolved psychological mechanisms are --. That is, the mechanisms apply only to a specific aspect of a person's makeup. 

    • Maladjusted

    • Domain-specified

    • General purpose devices

    • Non-operational

    Correct Answer
    A. Domain-specified
    Explanation
    Evolutionary development psychologists propose that many psychological mechanisms have evolved to be domain-specified. This means that these mechanisms are specialized and apply only to specific aspects of a person's makeup. They are not general-purpose devices that can be applied to any situation or domain. This specialization allows individuals to adapt and respond effectively to specific challenges or tasks in their environment.

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  • 27. 

    Dakota was born after 40 weeks of gestation and weighed 4 lbs. Dakota would be considered:

    • Preterm

    • Low birth weight

    • Premature

    • Normal and average for babies born today

    Correct Answer
    A. Low birth weight
    Explanation
    Dakota would be considered low birth weight because the average birth weight for a full-term baby is around 7-8 pounds. Dakota's weight of 4 pounds is significantly below this average, indicating that they were born with a lower weight than expected. This can have potential implications for their health and development, as low birth weight babies may require additional medical attention and support.

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  • 28. 

    Currently, the two most popular NICU interventions that involve parents are -- and --

    • Bottle feeding; music therapy

    • Massage therapy; kangaroo care

    • Breast feeding; raccoon care

    • Bottle feeding; kangaroo care

    Correct Answer
    A. Massage therapy; kangaroo care
    Explanation
    Massage therapy and kangaroo care are currently the two most popular NICU interventions that involve parents. Massage therapy involves gentle touch and stroking techniques to promote relaxation and reduce stress in premature infants. Kangaroo care, on the other hand, involves skin-to-skin contact between the parent and the infant, which helps regulate the baby's temperature, heart rate, and breathing. Both interventions have been shown to have numerous benefits for both the infant and the parent, including improved bonding, weight gain, and overall development.

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  • 29. 

    The average kindergartener would be in the developmental period of:

    • Infancy

    • Late childhood

    • Early childhodd

    • Middle childhood

    Correct Answer
    A. Early childhodd
    Explanation
    The average kindergartener would be in the developmental period of early childhood. This is because kindergarten typically includes children between the ages of 5 and 6, which falls within the early childhood stage of development. During this period, children experience rapid growth in language, cognitive, social, and emotional skills. They begin to develop more independence, engage in imaginative play, and start formal schooling.

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  • 30. 

    In an experimental study, which group receives the treatment (independent variable)?

    • Control group

    • Experimental group

    • Dependent group

    • Independent group

    Correct Answer
    A. Dependent group
  • 31. 

    Most individuals who have X-linked diseases are...

    • Females

    • Intersex

    • Hemopheliacs

    • Males

    Correct Answer
    A. Males
    Explanation
    The correct answer is males. X-linked diseases are caused by mutations in genes located on the X chromosome. Since males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, they only need to inherit one copy of the mutated gene to develop the disease. In contrast, females have two X chromosomes, so they would need to inherit two copies of the mutated gene to be affected by the disease. Therefore, males are more commonly affected by X-linked diseases.

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  • 32. 

    Julianne has lost her baby early in her pregnancy. Which of the following paternal factors could have possibly led to this outcome?

    • Her partner was a heavy smoker

    • Her partner was overweight

    • Her partner is deficient in Vitamin C

    • Her partner was undergoing severe emotional stress

    Correct Answer
    A. Her partner was a heavy smoker
    Explanation
    Exposure to secondhand smoke from a heavy smoker can have detrimental effects on a pregnant woman and her developing fetus. Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage, premature birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth. The chemicals in tobacco smoke can restrict the flow of oxygen and nutrients to the baby, leading to complications and potential loss of the pregnancy. Therefore, it is possible that Julianne's partner being a heavy smoker could have contributed to the unfortunate outcome of losing her baby early in her pregnancy.

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  • 33. 

    When you see an airplane in the air flying away from you, it appears to get smaller. However, you know that it stays the same size. The difference between your sensation and your perception of the plane illustrates the concept of:

    • Perceptual consistency

    • Sensory confusion

    • Sensory consistency

    • Perceptual disparity

    Correct Answer
    A. Perceptual consistency
    Explanation
    Perceptual consistency refers to the ability of our brain to perceive objects as stable and unchanging despite changes in sensory input. In the given scenario, although the airplane appears to get smaller as it flies away, we know that its actual size remains the same. This illustrates how our perception of the airplane remains consistent, even though our sensation of its size may change.

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  • 34. 

    Lindsay's body does not produce enough insulin, causing an abnormal metabolism of sugar. She is receiving insulin treatment. Lindsay has...

    • Spina bifida

    • Diabetes

    • Hemophelia

    • PKU

    Correct Answer
    A. Diabetes
    Explanation
    Lindsay's body does not produce enough insulin, causing an abnormal metabolism of sugar. This condition is known as diabetes. To manage her diabetes, Lindsay is receiving insulin treatment.

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  • 35. 

    Whenever baby Beth hears a loud noise she responds with a -- reflex where she arches her back, throws back her head, flings out her arms and legs, and then rapidly closes her arms and legs. 

    • Rooting

    • Grasping

    • Moro

    • Fencing

    Correct Answer
    A. Moro
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Moro. The Moro reflex is a natural response in infants to a sudden loud noise or a feeling of falling. It is characterized by the baby arching their back, throwing back their head, flinging out their arms and legs, and then rapidly closing their arms and legs. This reflex is believed to be a primitive survival instinct that helps the baby protect themselves from potential danger.

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  • 36. 

    On his second birthday, Robbie is 3 feet tall. Approximately how tall is he likely to be as an adult?

    • 5'2"

    • 6'

    • 5'5"

    • 7'

    Correct Answer
    A. 6'
    Explanation
    Based on the information given, we know that Robbie is 3 feet tall at 2 years old. Generally, children tend to grow at a steady rate until they reach adulthood. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that Robbie will continue to grow and likely be taller as an adult. The answer of 6' suggests that Robbie is expected to grow around 3 more feet, which is a common height for adults.

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  • 37. 

    Which of the following statements about experimental research is NOT true?

    • Experimental design uses experimental control groups

    • Experimental design uses experimental groups only

    • All experiments involve at least one independent variable and one dependent variable

    • Experiments must demonstrate cause and effect.

    Correct Answer
    A. Experimental design uses experimental groups only
    Explanation
    The given statement that "Experimental design uses experimental groups only" is not true. Experimental design actually uses both experimental groups and control groups. The experimental group is exposed to the independent variable being tested, while the control group is not. This allows researchers to compare the effects of the independent variable and determine causation. Therefore, the correct answer is that experimental design uses both experimental and control groups.

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  • 38. 

    The concept of discontinuity is characterized by...

    • Quantitative change

    • Cumulative change

    • Qualitative change

    • Gradual change

    Correct Answer
    A. Qualitative change
    Explanation
    The concept of discontinuity is characterized by qualitative change. Discontinuity refers to a situation where there is a distinct and significant shift or break in a process or phenomenon. In this context, qualitative change implies that the shift or break involves a change in the essential nature or quality of the phenomenon, rather than just a quantitative or gradual change. It suggests a fundamental transformation or a shift in the underlying characteristics or properties of the phenomenon being observed.

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  • 39. 

    -- is the evolutionary process by which those individuals of a species that are best adapted are the ones that survive and reproduce

    • Genetic selection

    • Natural adaptation

    • Natural selection

    • Genetic survival

    Correct Answer
    A. Natural selection
    Explanation
    Natural selection is the correct answer because it refers to the process in which individuals with traits that are well-suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their advantageous traits to future generations. This process leads to the gradual adaptation of species to their environment over time. Genetic selection, natural adaptation, and genetic survival do not accurately capture the concept of individuals being selected based on their adaptability and reproductive success.

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  • 40. 

    Baby Jane, three days old, is shown four drawings. One is a bright blue square, one is a white oval, and one is a drawing of a face. In view of Fantz' work, which will she probably prefer to look at?

    • The oval

    • The square

    • The face

    • She is too young to distinguish between the three

    Correct Answer
    A. The face
    Explanation
    Based on Fantz's work, infants are known to have a preference for looking at faces. Therefore, Baby Jane will probably prefer to look at the drawing of a face among the four drawings presented to her.

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  • 41. 

    With regard to the three important issues concerning developent -- nature-nutre, stability-change, and continuity-discontinuity, life span psychologists:

    • Tend to align themselves rigidly with certain positions

    • Do not take extreme positions

    • Give primacy to the first issue

    • Refuse to consider the opposite position.

    Correct Answer
    A. Do not take extreme positions
    Explanation
    Life span psychologists do not take extreme positions regarding the three important issues of development. This means that they do not rigidly align themselves with certain positions, nor do they refuse to consider the opposite position. Instead, they take a more balanced approach and consider multiple perspectives when studying the nature-nurture, stability-change, and continuity-discontinuity issues in development.

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  • 42. 

    John Bowlby illustrated an important application of ethological theory to human development where he stressed that attachment to a caregiver -- has important consequences throughout the lifespan.

    • In the first half of life

    • Over the first year of life

    • Within the first 2 years

    • Through childhood

    Correct Answer
    A. Over the first year of life
    Explanation
    John Bowlby illustrated an important application of ethological theory to human development by emphasizing that attachment to a caregiver has significant effects throughout the lifespan. However, specifically, Bowlby emphasized that these effects are most pronounced and impactful during the first year of life. This suggests that the quality of attachment formed with a primary caregiver during this critical period can have long-lasting consequences for an individual's emotional and social development.

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  • 43. 

    Perceptual constancy is reflected when:

    • Sensory stimulation remains constant but perception of the world changes.

    • Constant sensory stimulation receives a constant perceptual response

    • Sensory stimulation is changing but perception of the physical world remains constant

    • Perception of the physical world remains constant owing to limited visual acuity.

    Correct Answer
    A. Sensory stimulation is changing but perception of the physical world remains constant
    Explanation
    Perceptual constancy refers to the ability of our brain to perceive objects as constant and unchanged, even when there are changes in the sensory stimulation. This means that even if the sensory input is changing, our perception of the physical world remains constant. This ability allows us to recognize objects and maintain a consistent understanding of our environment, despite variations in lighting, distance, or angle of view.

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  • 44. 

    According to Jeffery Arnett, emerging adulthood is characterized by five key factors. Which of the following is NOT one of these featured?

    • Identity exploration

    • Stability

    • Self focus

    • Feeling in-between

    Correct Answer
    A. Stability
    Explanation
    Stability is not one of the key factors of emerging adulthood according to Jeffery Arnett. Emerging adulthood is characterized by identity exploration, self-focus, feeling in-between, and other factors such as a sense of possibility and a focus on relationships. Stability, on the other hand, is not explicitly mentioned as a key factor in Arnett's theory of emerging adulthood.

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  • 45. 

    The second stage of childbirth begins with the -- and ends with the --. 

    • Emergence of the child's head; delivery of the placenta

    • Opening of the cervix; delivery of the placenta

    • Emergence of the child's head; delivery of the child out of the mother

    • Opening of the cervix; delivery of the child out of the mother

    Correct Answer
    A. Emergence of the child's head; delivery of the child out of the mother
    Explanation
    The second stage of childbirth begins with the emergence of the child's head and ends with the delivery of the child out of the mother. This stage is characterized by intense contractions and the mother actively pushing to help the baby move through the birth canal. Once the baby's head emerges, the rest of the body follows, and the baby is delivered. The delivery of the placenta occurs in the third stage of childbirth, after the baby is born.

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  • 46. 

    Which of the following statements about Piaget's theory is NOT true?

    • Piaget believed that people go through four stages in understanding the world.

    • Piaget believed that people go through six stages in understanding the world.

    • Each of Piaget's stages represents a different way of understanding the world.

    • Each of Piaget's stages is age-related.

    Correct Answer
    A. Piaget believed that people go through six stages in understanding the world.
    Explanation
    Piaget's theory states that people go through four stages in understanding the world, not six. Each of these stages represents a different way of understanding the world and is age-related. Therefore, the statement that Piaget believed that people go through six stages in understanding the world is not true.

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  • 47. 

    Jake, age 11 months, is able to pick up cereal and bits of fruit off the tray of his high chair by grasping them with his thumb and forefinger. Jake has developed the:

    • Moro reflex

    • Pincer grip

    • Palmer grasp

    • Fencing reflex

    Correct Answer
    A. Pincer grip
    Explanation
    The correct answer is pincer grip. At 11 months old, Jake is able to pick up small objects using his thumb and forefinger, which is known as the pincer grip. This is an important developmental milestone as it demonstrates his fine motor skills and hand-eye coordination. The pincer grip allows him to manipulate objects more precisely and is a stepping stone towards self-feeding and other fine motor activities.

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  • 48. 

    Which of the following is a drawback to conduction observational research in a laboratory?

    • People must be paid for their time

    • People may be too relaxed in a laboratory setting

    • People who are willing to come to a laboratory might not be representative of the general population

    • People behave more naturally when they are away from the stresses of the "real world."

    Correct Answer
    A. People who are willing to come to a laboratory might not be representative of the general population
    Explanation
    Conducting observational research in a laboratory may have the drawback that the people who are willing to participate in such studies might not be representative of the general population. This is because individuals who are willing to come to a laboratory setting may have certain characteristics or motivations that make them different from the average person. Therefore, the findings from the study may not be applicable or generalizable to the broader population.

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  • 49. 

    Individuals are changing beings in a changing world. Which characteristic of development is reflected in this statement?

    • Development is elastic

    • Development is contextual

    • Development is multidisciplinary

    • Development is multicultural

    Correct Answer
    A. Development is contextual
    Explanation
    The characteristic of development that is reflected in the given statement is that development is contextual. This means that individuals' development is influenced by the specific context or environment they are in. It recognizes that development is not a universal process but rather varies based on cultural, social, and environmental factors. Therefore, individuals' development is shaped by the changing world they live in, and they adapt and change accordingly.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Mar 20, 2023 +

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 20, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Oct 08, 2011
    Quiz Created by
    Almi325

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