General Psychology

75 Questions | By Ams78210 | Last updated: Jul 11, 2018

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This is about the history of psychology and the basic brain functions. This studies the beginnings of psychology.

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Questions and Answers

1.

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Behavior is anything an organism does and mental processes are the internal, subjective experience we infer from behavior.
- A.
  
  Contemporary Psychology
- B.
  
  Cognitive neuroscience
- C.
  
  Cognitive Focus
2.

Who are the two individuals associated with deriving principles of logic?
3.

This man was a psychologist/philosopher who thought it was fruitful to consider the evolved functions of our thoughts and feelings. Why does the nose smell and brain think? He took after Darwin ideas like thinking is a factor that's adaptive and contributing to survival.
4.

What school of psychology did William James embrace?
5.

Who is William James' famous student?
6.

Who was the first woman to earn a psychology PhD.?
- A.
  
  Mary Calkins
- B.
  
  William James
7.

This is the study of the interaction of thought processes and brain function.
- A.
  
  Neuroscience approach
- B.
  
  Cognitive neuroscience
- C.
  
  Psychodynamic focus
- D.
  
  Evolutionary focus
8.

The nature nurture debate deals with our human traits developing either through experience or our traits being equipped to us at birth. What did plato think about this and what did Locke think about this?
- A.
  
  Plato/intelligence and character inherited Locke/Mind is blank sheet
- B.
  
  Plato/mind is blank sheet Locke/intelligence and behavior inherited
9.

Charles Darwin's "Origin of species" states that among the range of inherited trait variations those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations. He believes that nature selects those that best enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment. What is he describing?
10.

This considers that influence by biological, social, and psychological provide a valuable vantage point for looking at behavior, yet each are incomplete. This suggests that biological factors deal with genetics and psychological factors deal with emotions and cognitive features.
- A.
  
  Behavioral focus
- B.
  
  Evolution
- C.
  
  Biopsychosocial
- D.
  
  Psychodynamic focus
11.

How the brain and the body enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences.
- A.
  
  Evolutionary focus
- B.
  
  Behavior genetics focus
- C.
  
  Behavioral focus
- D.
  
  Neuroscience focus
12.

How the natural selection of traits promotes the perpetuation of one's genes.
- A.
  
  Evolutionary focus
- B.
  
  Behavioral focus
- C.
  
  Psychodynamic focus
- D.
  
  Neuroscience focus
13.

How much our genes and environment influence our individual differences.
- A.
  
  Behavior genetics focus
- B.
  
  Psychodynamic focus
- C.
  
  Behavioral focus
- D.
  
  Evolutionary focus
14.

How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts.
- A.
  
  Behavioral focus
- B.
  
  Psychodynamic focus
- C.
  
  Behavioral genetics focus
- D.
  
  Evolutionary focus
15.

How we learn observable responses
- A.
  
  Evolutionary focus
- B.
  
  Behavioral genetics focus
- C.
  
  Psychodynamic focus
- D.
  
  Behavioral focus
16.

How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information.
- A.
  
  Cognitive focus
- B.
  
  Social-cultural focus
- C.
  
  Psychodynamic focus
- D.
  
  Behavioral genetics focus
17.

How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures.
- A.
  
  Cognitive focus
- B.
  
  Psychodynamic focus
- C.
  
  Social-cultural focus
- D.
  
  Evolutionary focus
18.

This person helps people with challenges including educational, vocational, and marital issues in hopes of better well-being.
- A.
  
  Counseling psychologist
- B.
  
  Clinical Psycologist
19.

This person studies and assesses and treats people with psychological disorders. This person administers tests and provides counseling and therapy.
- A.
  
  Counseling psychologist
- B.
  
  Clinical psychologist
- C.
  
  Psychiatrist
20.

This is the tendency to believe after learning an outcome that one would have forseen it all along.
- A.
  
  Overconfidence
- B.
  
  Intellectual conceit
- C.
  
  Hindsight bias
21.

What is the other name for overconfidence?
22.

This is when we tend to think we know more than we actually do. We tend to be more confident than actually correct. With the H1N1 scare, there was no actual research and scientific data to prove the medicine would work. They only thought it ought to be safe.
- A.
  
  Hindsight bias
- B.
  
  Overconfidence
- C.
  
  Correlation
23.

What are the two basic characteristics of scientific attitude? The first one means you are cynical but not gullible. The other means that you have the ability to face learning to reject your own ideas.
24.

This is thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.
25.

This is repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances.
- A.
  
  Case study
- B.
  
  Survey
- C.
  
  Replication
- D.
  
  Random sample
26.

This is an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in hope of revealing universal principles. An example is studying someone with a specific impairment of the brain.
27.

This is a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative random sample of them. This looks at cases less in depth.
- A.
  
  Survey
- B.
  
  Correlation
- C.
  
  Case study
28.

This represents an entire population because each member has an equal chance of participating.
29.

What is not allowed for a random sample and should not be sent?
30.

This is a measure of the extent to which two factors vary together and of how well either factor predicts the other.
- A.
  
  Correlation
- B.
  
  Experiment
- C.
  
  Hypothesis
31.

In an experiment, the investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect of some behavior or mental process. By random assignment of participants, the experimental aims to control other relevant factors. What variable is the one in which the researcher can manipulate?
- A.
  
  Independent
- B.
  
  Dependent
32.

What is the gap between the lowest and highest score?
33.

Who is concerned with the link between biology and behavior (psychological events) to find a better understanding of sleep and dreams, depression, hunger, sex (etc.)
- A.
  
  Clinical psychologist
- B.
  
  Biological psychologist
34.

These are bushy branch extensions of a neuron that receive messages from other cells and conduct impulses towards the cell body. These are said to listen.
- A.
  
  Axon
- B.
  
  Dendrite
- C.
  
  Myelin sheath
- D.
  
  Synapse
35.

This is the extension of a neuron ending in branching terminal fibers through which messages pass to other neurons or muscles and glands. These speak.
- A.
  
  Axon
- B.
  
  Myelin sheath
- C.
  
  Dendrite
- D.
  
  Synapse
36.

This covers the axon of neurons and helps speed the neural impulse. MS is caused when this degenerates resulting in loss of muscle control.
- A.
  
  Axon
- B.
  
  Myelin sheath
- C.
  
  Dendrite
- D.
  
  Reuptake
37.

This is the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse.
- A.
  
  Synapse
- B.
  
  Threshold
- C.
  
  Reuptake
38.

This is the gap between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite of a cell body of the receiving neuron. Neurotransmitters help info to cross this gap.
- A.
  
  Synapse
- B.
  
  Myelin sheath
- C.
  
  Gaba
- D.
  
  Reflex
39.

This is when excess neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the sending neuron.
- A.
  
  Snynapses
- B.
  
  Reuptake
40.

These are chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gap between neurons. When released by the sending neuron, the transmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether that neuron will generate a neural impulse. 1/10,000 of a second to pass synaptic gap.
- A.
  
  Synapses
- B.
  
  Endorphins
- C.
  
  Sensory neurons
- D.
  
  Neurotransmitters
41.

This neurotransmitter enables muscle action, learning and memory. When this deteriorates it can cause Alzheimer's.
- A.
  
  Dopamine
- B.
  
  Seratonin
- C.
  
  Acetycholine
- D.
  
  GABA
42.

This influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion. Excess amounts can cause schizophrenia. Too little can cause Parkinson's.
- A.
  
  Dopamine
- B.
  
  Seratonin
- C.
  
  Glutomate
- D.
  
  GABA
43.

This affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal. Undersupply is linked to depression. Prozac raises the amount of this.
- A.
  
  Seratonin
- B.
  
  Dopamine
- C.
  
  Glutomate
- D.
  
  GABA
44.

This helps control alertness and arousal. Undersupply can cause depression.
- A.
  
  GABA
- B.
  
  Norepinephrine
- C.
  
  Seratonin
- D.
  
  Dopamine
45.

This is a major inhibitory transmitter. Undersupply is linked to seizures, tremors, and insomnia.
- A.
  
  GABA
- B.
  
  Glutamate
- C.
  
  Norepinephrine
- D.
  
  Acetycholine
46.

This excites and is involved with memory. Oversupply can cause migraine and seizures.
- A.
  
  GABA
- B.
  
  Glutamate
- C.
  
  Norepinephrine
- D.
  
  Seratonin
47.

This is a natural opiate like transmitter linked to pain control and pleasure. Is involved with "runner's high". Considered the morphine within us.
48.

What are the two components of the central nervous system.
49.

These are the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body. This links the central nervous system with the body's sense receptors, muscles and glands.
- A.
  
  Peripheral Nervous System
- B.
  
  Somatic Nervous System
- C.
  
  Sensory Neurons
- D.
  
  Limbic system
50.

These are neurons that carry outgoing information fro the central nervous system to the muscles and glands. These send information from the brain's body tissues and sensory organs inward to the central nervous system for information to be processed.
- A.
  
  Sensory neurons
- B.
  
  Neurotransmitters
- C.
  
  Hormones
- D.
  
  Occipital Tubes
51.

This is a division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. It's sometimes called to the skeletal nervous system. This enables the voluntary control of our skeletal muscles. This triggers the hand to turn the page.
- A.
  
  Limbic system
- B.
  
  Somatic nervous system
- C.
  
  Reticular formation
- D.
  
  Motor cortex
52.

These are our automatic responses to a stimuli. One example is a knee jerk. Say a finger touches a flame- the heat travels through sensory neurons to an interneuron in the spinal cord. The interneurons respond by activating motor neurons to the muscles in your arm triggering your arm to jerk.
- A.
  
  Hormones
- B.
  
  Reflex
53.

These are chemical messengers manufactured by the endocrine glands that are produced in one tissue and affect another. They influence our interest in food, sex, and aggression.
- A.
  
  Sensory neurons
- B.
  
  Pituitary gland
- C.
  
  Hormones
54.

This is the most influential endocrine gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, this regulates growth and controls the endocrine glands. This can trigger sex glands to release hormones.
- A.
  
  Limbic system
- B.
  
  Pituitary gland
- C.
  
  Thalamus
55.

This is the amplified recording of the waves of electrical activities that sweep across the brain's surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp. This monitors brain activity. For example, this locates where the information goes when we stroke the whisker of a cat.
- A.
  
  EEG
- B.
  
  PET
- C.
  
  MRI
56.

This is a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes through the brain while the brain performs a given task. This detects where food for the thought goes. When people say the name of an animal, where does the brain light up?
- A.
  
  MRI
- B.
  
  EEG
- C.
  
  PET
57.

This is a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer generated images that distinguish among different types of soft tissue and allows to see structures in the brain. Where the brain is especially active, blood goes.
- A.
  
  MRI
- B.
  
  PET
- C.
  
  EEG
58.

This is at the base of the brainstem and controls heartbeat and breathing. This is located where the spinal cord enters the skull.
- A.
  
  Reticular formation
- B.
  
  Medulla
- C.
  
  Thalamus
- D.
  
  Cerebellum
59.

This is a nerve network in the brainstem between your ears that plays an important role in controlling arousal. From spinal cord to thalamus, this can produce alertness and awakenness when stimulated. When this was cut, the cat went into a coma.
- A.
  
  Medulla
- B.
  
  Reticular formation
- C.
  
  Cerebellum
- D.
  
  Temporal lobes
60.

This is the brain's sensory switchboard that is located at the top of the brainstem. It directs messages to sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla. It receives information form all the senses except for one.
- A.
  
  Thalamus
- B.
  
  Cerebellum
- C.
  
  Medulla
- D.
  
  Corpus collosum
61.

This is the "little brain" that is attached to the rear of the brainstem that has functions like processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance. Nonverbal learning and memory. Helps judge time, modulate emotions, and voluntary movement.
- A.
  
  Limbic system
- B.
  
  Reticular formation
- C.
  
  Cerebellum
- D.
  
  Occipital tubes
62.

This is the doughnut shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemisphere-associated with emotions such as aggression and fear and drives for food and sex.
- A.
  
  Limbic system
- B.
  
  Reticular formation
- C.
  
  Broca area
- D.
  
  Motor cortex
63.

Which one of these is not included in the limbic system?
- A.
  
  Hipppocampus
- B.
  
  Medulla
- C.
  
  Hypothalamus
- D.
  
  Amygalda
64.

What is the right description for each member of the limbic system?
- A.
  
  Hypothallamus(hunger thirst body meintenance) Hypocampus(agression and fear) Amygalda( memory process without lose emotion)
- B.
  
  Hypothallamus (hunger thirst body meintenance Hypocampus(memory process without lose emotion) Amygalda (agression and fear)
65.

What senses are associated with the occipital tubes?
- A.
  
  Auditory information
- B.
  
  Visual information
66.

What senses are associated with the temporal lobes?
- A.
  
  Visual information
- B.
  
  Auditory information
67.

This is an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movement. When stimulated at one side, the specific body part moves on opposite side of the body.
- A.
  
  Motor cortex
- B.
  
  Axon
68.

These associate various sensory inputs with stored memories. These are areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions. These are involved with higher mental functions like thinking, remembering, and speaking.
- A.
  
  Occipital tubes
- B.
  
  Corpus collosum
- C.
  
  Association areas
- D.
  
  Aphasias
69.

This is the impairment of language usually caused by the left hemisphere of the brain being damaged in the Broca or Wernicke area.
70.

This area controls language expression and directs the muscle movement involved with speech. A personal could struggle to speak but be able to sing a song. Left hemisphere frontal lobe.
- A.
  
  Broca area
- B.
  
  Wernicke area
71.

This area causes people to speak meaningless sentences and words. This area controls language reception and comprehension. Can disrupt understanding. Left temporal lobe.
- A.
  
  Broca area
- B.
  
  Wernicke area
72.

Due to _____ _______, if one area of the brain is injured, the brain can compensate by putting other areas to work. More prevalent in young children
73.

What is the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carries messages between them?
74.

This part of the peripheral system controls self-regulated actions like heartbeat and blood moving through body.
- A.
  
  Autonomic
- B.
  
  Somatic
75.

This is a set of glands that secretes hormones to bloodstream.
- A.
  
  Libic system
- B.
  
  Petuitary system
- C.
  
  Edocrine system

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