Maternal And Child Health MCQ Quiz Questions And Answers

Condoms are the most effective method for preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs). They act as a barrier method, preventing the exchange of bodily fluids and reducing the risk of STIs. Spermicides, diaphragms, and vasectomy do not provide the same level of protection against STIs as condoms do. Spermicides only kill sperm, diaphragms only prevent pregnancy, and vasectomy is a permanent method of male sterilization that does not protect against STIs. Therefore, condoms are the best option for preventing STIs while practicing contraception.

Increased fiber intake is the recommended option for a client who is experiencing constipation during the third trimester of pregnancy. Fiber helps to soften the stool and promote regular bowel movements. It is a safe and effective way to relieve constipation without the need for medications or invasive procedures like enemas. Increasing fluid intake is also important to prevent dehydration and aid in digestion, but decreasing fluid intake would not be beneficial for constipation. Therefore, the nurse should recommend increased fiber intake to alleviate the client's symptoms.

The greenish tint is due to the presence of meconium. Lanugo is the soft, downy hair on the shoulders and back of the fetus. Hydramnios represents excessive amniotic fluid. Vernix is the white, cheesy substance covering the fetus.

Taking the oral contraceptive pill at the same time each day helps to maintain hormonal levels in the body. Hormonal contraceptives work by suppressing ovulation and altering the cervical mucus, which prevents fertilization. It is important to take the pill consistently and at the same time every day to ensure a steady level of hormones in the body, which is necessary for the contraceptive to be effective. Deviating from the regular schedule may result in hormonal fluctuations and decrease the effectiveness of the contraceptive.

The middle third of the vastus lateralis is the preferred injection site for vitamin K administration because it is free of blood vessels and nerves and is large enough to absorb the medication. The deltoid muscle of a newborn is not large enough for a newborn IM injection. Injections into this muscle in a small child might cause damage to the radial nerve. The anterior femoris muscle is the next safest muscle to use in a newborn but is not the safest. Because of the proximity of the sciatic nerve, the gluteus maximus muscle should not be until the child has been walking 2 years.

In a breech position, because of the space between the presenting part and the cervix, prolapse of the umbilical cord is common. Quickening is the woman’s first perception of fetal movement. Ophthalmia neonatorum usually results from maternal gonorrhea and is conjunctivitis. Pica refers to the oral intake of nonfood substances.

Using Nagele's rule, the nurse can estimate the expected due date (EDD) by adding 7 days to the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP), subtracting 3 months, and adding 1 year. In this case, the client's LMP started on January 14. Adding 7 days gives January 21. Subtracting 3 months gives October 21. Adding 1 year gives the EDD of October 21.

Intrauterine anoxia may cause relaxation of the anal sphincter and emptying of meconium into the amniotic fluid. At birth some of the meconium fluid may be aspirated, causing mechanical obstruction or chemical pneumonitis. The infant is not at increased risk for gastrointestinal problems. Even though the skin is stained with meconium, it is noninfectious (sterile) and non-irritating. The post-term meconium-stained infant is not at additional risk for bowel or urinary problems.

The signs indicate placenta previa and vaginal exam to determine cervical dilation would not be done because it could cause hemorrhage. Assessing maternal vital signs can help determine maternal physiologic status. Fetal heart rate is important to assess fetal well-being and should be done. Monitoring the contractions will help evaluate the progress of labor.

A bright red discharge 5 days after delivery may indicate a potential problem such as postpartum hemorrhage. Normally, the discharge should transition from dark red to pink/brownish and then to almost colorless/creamy as the healing process progresses. However, a bright red discharge at this stage could suggest active bleeding and should be reported to the physician for further evaluation and intervention.

The client’s labor is hypotonic. The nurse should call the physical and obtain an order for an infusion of oxytocin, which will assist the uterus to contract more forcefully in an attempt to dilate the cervix. Administering light sedatives would be done for hypertonic uterine contractions. Preparing for the cesarean section is unnecessary at this time. Oxytocin would increase the uterine contractions and hopefully progress labor before a cesarean would be necessary. It is too early to anticipate client pushing with contractions

Testosterone is produced by the Leyding cells in the seminiferous tubules. Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone are released by the anterior pituitary gland. The hypothalamus is responsible for releasing gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

Breathing techniques can raise the pain threshold and reduce the perception of pain. They also promote relaxation. Breathing techniques do not eliminate pain, but they can reduce it. Positioning, not breathing,
increases uteroplacental perfusion.

A complete placenta previa occurs when the placenta covers the opening of the uterus, thus blocking the passageway for the baby. This response explains what a complete previa is and the reason the baby cannot come out except by cesarean delivery. Telling the client to ask the physician is a poor response and would increase the patient’s anxiety. Although a cesarean would help to prevent hemorrhage, the statement does not explain why the hemorrhage could occur. With a complete previa, the placenta is covering all the cervix, not just most of it.

The nurse would use a total gain of 25 to 30 pounds as the basis for the teaching plan when caring for a pregnant teenager concerned about gaining too much weight during pregnancy. This is because a weight gain within this range is considered healthy and appropriate for a pregnant teenager. It allows for the normal growth and development of the fetus while also considering the teenager's own nutritional needs.

Women hospitalized with severe preeclampsia need decreased CNS stimulation to prevent a seizure. Seizure precautions provide environmental safety should a seizure occur. Because of edema, daily weight is important but not the priority. Preeclampsia causes vasospasm and therefore can reduce uteroplacental perfusion. The client should be placed on her left side to maximize blood flow, reduce blood pressure, and promote diuresis. Interventions to reduce stress and anxiety are very important to facilitate coping and a sense of control, but seizure precautions are the priority.

The nurse should assist the postpartum client to urinate before assessing the uterus for firmness and position. This is because a full bladder can displace the uterus and make it difficult to accurately assess its firmness and position. By assisting the client to urinate, the nurse ensures that the bladder is empty and the uterus can be properly assessed. Assessing the vital signs, administering analgesia, or ambulating the client can be done after assisting her to urinate.

The priority focus of nursing practice with the current early postpartum discharge is to facilitate safe and effective self-and newborn care. This is important because after childbirth, the mother and newborn need proper guidance and support to ensure their well-being and safety at home. The nurse plays a crucial role in educating and assisting the mother in caring for herself and her newborn, including topics such as breastfeeding, bathing, diapering, and recognizing signs of complications. By promoting safe and effective care, the nurse helps to prevent potential health risks and promotes the overall health and well-being of both the mother and newborn.

At 12 weeks' gestation, the fetal heart rate is best heard using a Doppler placed midline at the suprapubic region. This is because the Doppler uses ultrasound technology to detect and amplify the sound of the fetal heart, which may not be audible with a stethoscope or fetoscope at this early stage of pregnancy. Placing the Doppler midline at the suprapubic region ensures that the sound waves can accurately pick up the fetal heart rate. Using an external electronic fetal monitor or placing the stethoscope midline at the umbilicus would not provide the same level of accuracy in detecting the fetal heart rate at this stage.

In a postpartum client with a temperature of 101.4ºF and a uterus that remains unusually large and tender, assessing lochia is the next step. Lochia refers to the vaginal discharge that occurs after childbirth, and changes in its color, amount, or odor can indicate an infection or other complications. By assessing the lochia, the nurse can gather important information about the client's postpartum recovery and identify any potential issues that may require further intervention or treatment.

Dizygotic (fraternal) twins involve two ova fertilized by separate sperm. Monozygotic (identical) twins involve a common placenta, same genotype, and common chorion.

Placing the crib close to a nursery window for family viewing would be the least effective action in maintaining a neutral thermal environment for the newborn. This is because the nursery window can expose the infant to drafts and temperature fluctuations, which can disrupt the baby's body temperature regulation. To maintain a neutral thermal environment, it is important to keep the baby away from any potential sources of heat or cold that can affect their body temperature.

Hemorrhage is a potential risk following any surgical procedure. Although the infant has been given vitamin K to facilitate clotting, the prophylactic dose is often not sufficient to prevent bleeding. Although infection is a possibility, signs will not appear within 4 hours after the surgical procedure. The primary discomfort of circumcision occurs during the surgical procedure, not afterward. Although feedings are withheld prior to the circumcision, the chances of dehydration are minimal.

Cessation of the lochial discharge signifies healing of the endometrium. The risk of hemorrhage and infection is minimal 3 weeks after a normal vaginal delivery. Telling the client anytime is inappropriate because this response does not provide the client with the specific information she is requesting. The choice of a contraceptive method is important, but not the specific criteria for the safe resumption of sexual activity. Culturally, the 6-week examination has been used as the time frame for resuming sexual activity, but it may be resumed earlier.

Chadwick’s sign refers to the purple-blue tinge of the cervix. Braxton Hicks contractions are painless contractions beginning around the 4th month. Goodell’s sign indicates softening of the cervix. Flexibility of the uterus against the cervix is known as McDonald’s sign.

Bartholin’s glands are the glands on either side of the vaginal orifice. The clitoris is female erectile tissue found in the perineal area above the urethra. The parotid glands are open into the mouth. Skene’s glands open into the posterior wall of the female urinary meatus.

The recommended folic acid supplementation for pregnant women is 400 micrograms per day. Adequate folic acid intake during the early stages of pregnancy is crucial in preventing neural tube defects (NTDs) in the developing fetus. NTDs, such as spina bifida and anencephaly, can occur in the first few weeks of pregnancy when the neural tube is forming. Therefore, it is advised that women of childbearing age, and especially those planning to conceive, consume 400 micrograms of folic acid daily to reduce the risk of these birth defects. It is often recommended to start supplementation before conception and continue through the early weeks of pregnancy.

The priority nursing diagnosis for a client with an ectopic pregnancy would be pain. Ectopic pregnancy is a potentially life-threatening condition where the fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube. This can cause severe abdominal pain due to the stretching and possible rupture of the fallopian tube. Managing the client's pain is crucial in order to provide comfort and prevent complications. While the other options may also be relevant, addressing the client's pain takes precedence in this situation.

With a face presentation, the head is completely extended. With a vertex presentation, the head is completely or partially flexed. With a brow (forehead) presentation, the head would be partially extended.

The zygote is the single cell that reproduces itself after conception. The chromosome is the material that makes up the cell and is gained from each parent. Blastocyst and trophoblast are later terms for the embryo after zygote.

Application of 70% isopropyl alcohol to the cord minimizes microorganisms (germicidal) and promotes drying. The cord should be kept dry until it falls off and the stump has healed. Antibiotic ointment should only be used to treat an infection, not as a prophylaxis. Infants should not be submerged in a tub of water until the cord falls off and the stump has completely healed.

The presence of excessive estrogen and progesterone in the maternal fetal blood followed by prompt withdrawal at birth precipitates breast engorgement, which will spontaneously resolve in 4 to 5 days after birth. The trauma of the birth process does not cause inflammation of the newborn’s breast tissue. Newborns do not have breast malignancy. This reply by the nurse would cause the mother to have undue anxiety. Breast tissue does not hypertrophy in the fetus or newborns.

The ischial spines are located in the mid-pelvic region and could be narrowed due to the previous pelvic injury. The symphysis pubis, sacral promontory, and pubic arch are not part of the mid-pelvis.

The nurse should tell the primipara to breastfeed more frequently. Breastfeeding more frequently can help to relieve sore nipples by ensuring that the baby is latching on properly and emptying the breasts more effectively. This can prevent engorgement and reduce the risk of nipple damage.

The nurse should use a nonelastic, flexible, paper measuring tape, placing the zero point on the superior border of the symphysis pubis and stretching the tape across the abdomen at the midline to the top of the fundus. The xiphoid and umbilicus are not appropriate landmarks to use when measuring the height of the fundus (McDonald’s measurement).

The priority instruction for a client newly diagnosed with gestational diabetes would be dietary intake. This is because managing blood sugar levels through proper nutrition is crucial in controlling gestational diabetes. By providing specific dietary instructions, the client can make necessary changes to their eating habits and ensure they are consuming the right types and amounts of food to maintain stable blood sugar levels. This instruction would lay the foundation for the client's overall treatment plan and help them manage their condition effectively.

The priority when assessing the client would be to evaluate hand/face edema. This symptom could indicate preeclampsia, a serious condition characterized by high blood pressure and organ damage. Preeclampsia can be life-threatening for both the mother and the baby, so it is crucial to identify and manage it promptly. Glucosuria and dietary intake are important aspects to consider during pregnancy but do not pose an immediate threat to the client's health. Depression, while a valid concern, is not directly related to the client's current physical condition.

Variations in the length of the menstrual cycle are due to variations in the proliferative phase. The menstrual, secretory and ischemic phases do not contribute to this variation.

.

The diaphragm is a barrier method of contraception that requires proper fitting and placement. Since the woman is only 2 days postpartum, her cervix and vaginal walls may still be healing, making it difficult to properly fit and place the diaphragm. Therefore, it is recommended to avoid using the diaphragm as a contraceptive method at this time.

Imminent abortion is the correct answer because the client is experiencing abdominal cramping, moderate vaginal bleeding, and cervical dilation, which indicate that she is at risk of having a miscarriage in the near future.

Ballottement indicates passive movement of the unengaged fetus. Ballottement is not a contraction. Fetal kicking felt by the client represents quickening. Enlargement and softening of the uterus is known as Piskacek’s sign.

With this presentation, the fetal upper torso and back face the left upper maternal abdominal wall. The fetal heart rate would be most audible above the maternal umbilicus and to the left of the middle. The other positions would be incorrect.

The fetal gonad must secrete estrogen for the embryo to differentiate as a female. An increase in maternal estrogen secretion does not affect the differentiation of the embryo, and maternal estrogen secretion occurs in every pregnancy. Maternal androgen secretion remains the same as before pregnancy and does not affect differentiation. Secretion of androgen by the fetal gonad would produce a male fetus.

An intrauterine device (IUD) is a form of long-acting reversible contraception that is inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. It is generally safe and effective for most women, but there are certain situations where it may not be recommended. In the case of a promiscuous young adult, the nurse may not recommend an IUD due to an increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). IUDs do not protect against STIs, and individuals who engage in risky sexual behaviors may be at a higher risk of contracting an STI. Therefore, other forms of contraception that provide protection against STIs may be more appropriate for this client.

The nurse should first determine the amount of lochia. This is important because postpartum hemorrhage is a potential complication after childbirth, and assessing the amount of lochia can help determine if there is excessive bleeding. It is a priority to rule out any immediate life-threatening conditions before addressing other vital signs or reporting the temperature to the physician. Rechecking the blood pressure with another cuff and assessing the uterus for firmness and position may be necessary, but determining the amount of lochia should be the first step in assessing the client's condition.

To determine the amount of formula needed, do the following mathematical calculation. 3 kg x 120 cal/kg per day = 360 calories/day feeding q 4 hours = 6 feedings per day = 60 calories per feeding: 60 calories per feeding; 60 calories per feeding with formula 20 cal/oz = 3 ounces per feeding. Based on the calculation. 2, 4 or 6 ounces are incorrect.

Using bicarbonate would increase the amount of sodium ingested, which can cause complications. Eating low-sodium crackers would be appropriate. Since liquids can increase nausea, avoiding them in the morning hours when nausea is usually the strongest is appropriate. Eating six small meals a day would keep the stomach full, which often decreases nausea.

The first 15 minutes to 1 hour after birth is the first period of reactivity involving respiratory and circulatory adaptation to extrauterine life. The data given reflect the normal changes during this time period. The infant’s assessment data reflect normal adaptation. Thus, the physician does not need to be notified and oxygen is not needed. The data do not indicate the presence of choking, gagging or coughing, which are signs of excessive secretions. Suctioning is not necessary.

Prepared childbirth was the direct result of the 1950s challenging the routine use of analgesics and anesthetics during childbirth. The LDRP was a much later concept and was not a direct result of the challenging routine use of analgesics and anesthetics during childbirth. Roles for nurse midwives and clinical nurse specialists did not develop from this challenge.