Physiology Quiz Questions! Trivia

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  • 1/43 Questions

    Digestive secretions include:  

    • Enzymes
    • Bile
    • Mucous
    • Bicarbonate ions
    • All of the above
Please wait...
About This Quiz

The cells are the building blocks of the human body, and they are over a trillion in number inside the body. Every organ within the body has specific functions that it needs to achieve. Below is a quiz that is designed to test your general knowledge in physiology. Give it a shot and see just how attentive you have been in class.

Physiology Quiz Questions! Trivia - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Which of the following does NOT occur in the mouth?   

    • Teeth tear and grind food.

    • Saliva moistens and lubricates food.

    • The tongue monitors the quality of the food.

    • Protein digestion begins.

    • The lips help procure and retain food.

    Correct Answer
    A. Protein digestion begins.
    Explanation
    The mouth is responsible for the mechanical digestion of food through the action of teeth tearing and grinding food. Saliva, produced by the salivary glands, moistens and lubricates food to aid in swallowing. The tongue helps in the manipulation of food and monitors the quality of the food through taste buds. The lips are involved in the process of procuring and retaining food. However, protein digestion begins in the stomach with the action of the enzyme pepsin, not in the mouth.

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  • 3. 

    Which of the following is the primary absorptive organ of the digestive system?   

    • Salivary glands

    • Oral cavity

    • Stomach

    • Small intestine

    • Colon

    Correct Answer
    A. Small intestine
    Explanation
    The small intestine is the primary absorptive organ of the digestive system. It is responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. The walls of the small intestine are lined with tiny finger-like projections called villi, which increase the surface area for absorption. These villi contain specialized cells that transport nutrients into the bloodstream for distribution to the body's cells. The small intestine also plays a role in the absorption of water and electrolytes.

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  • 4. 

    The bacteria in the large intestine:   

    • Are beneficial

    • Ferment fiber

    • Produce vitamin K

    • Enhance intestinal immunity by out competing pathogenic bacteria.

    • All of the above.

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above.
    Explanation
    The bacteria in the large intestine are beneficial because they ferment fiber, produce vitamin K, and enhance intestinal immunity by outcompeting pathogenic bacteria. Fermenting fiber helps break it down and release nutrients for absorption. The production of vitamin K by these bacteria is important for blood clotting. Additionally, the presence of beneficial bacteria in the large intestine helps to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria and strengthens the immune system in the intestines. Therefore, all of the given statements are correct.

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  • 5. 

    Gametes like eggs and sperm are haploid containing ____ chromosomes, while somatic cells are diploid containing ___ chromosomes.   

    • 46,23

    • 46,92

    • 23,46

    • 92,46

    • 2,4

    Correct Answer
    A. 23,46
    Explanation
    Gametes like eggs and sperm are haploid, meaning they have half the number of chromosomes as somatic cells. In humans, haploid cells have 23 chromosomes. On the other hand, somatic cells are diploid, meaning they have the full set of chromosomes. In humans, diploid cells have 46 chromosomes. Therefore, the correct answer is 23,46.

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  • 6. 

    Reabsorption:

    • Is the movement of a substance from glomerular capillary blood into the tubular lumen.

    • Is the movement of a substance from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular lumen.

    • Is the movement of a substance from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capilliary blood.

    • Is everything that is filtered or secreted and not subsequently absorbed.

    Correct Answer
    A. Is the movement of a substance from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capilliary blood.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "is the movement of a substance from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillary blood." This is because reabsorption refers to the process by which substances that were initially filtered or secreted into the tubular lumen are transported back into the peritubular capillary blood. This process helps in the reabsorption of important substances such as water, glucose, ions, and other solutes, allowing them to be returned to the bloodstream for circulation.

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  • 7. 

    The primary function of the kidneys involves regulating the ________ and the ________ of plasma and interstitial fluid.  

    • Volume : temperature

    • Volume : composition

    • Temperature : composition

    • Pressure : volume

    • Temperature : osmolarity

    Correct Answer
    A. Volume : composition
    Explanation
    The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating the volume and composition of plasma and interstitial fluid. They help maintain the balance of fluids in the body by filtering waste products, excess water, and electrolytes from the blood. The volume of these fluids is important for maintaining blood pressure and overall hydration. The composition, or the concentration of substances like ions, nutrients, and waste products, is also regulated by the kidneys to ensure proper functioning of various bodily processes. Therefore, the correct answer is "volume : composition".

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  • 8. 

    Filtration: 

    • Is the movement of a substance from glomerular capillary blood into the tubular lumen.

    • Is the movement of a substance from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular lumen.

    • Is the movement of a substance from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capilliary blood.

    • Is everything that is filtered or secreted and not subsequently absorbed.

    Correct Answer
    A. Is the movement of a substance from glomerular capillary blood into the tubular lumen.
    Explanation
    Filtration refers to the process of moving a substance from the glomerular capillary blood into the tubular lumen. This process occurs in the kidneys during the formation of urine. The glomerular capillaries have small pores that allow small molecules such as water, ions, and waste products to pass through, while larger molecules like proteins and blood cells are retained. This movement of substances from the glomerular capillary blood into the tubular lumen is the first step in the formation of urine and plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's fluid balance and removing waste products.

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  • 9. 

    Which of the following is the body’s first line of defense against changes in pH?

    • Chemical buffer systems

    • Renal compensation

    • Immune compensation

    • Respiratory compensation

    • Central nervous system depression

    Correct Answer
    A. Chemical buffer systems
    Explanation
    Chemical buffer systems are the body's first line of defense against changes in pH. These systems work by quickly absorbing or releasing hydrogen ions to maintain a stable pH level in the body. They can be found in various bodily fluids, such as blood and urine, and help prevent drastic changes in pH that could be harmful to the body's cells and organs. Renal compensation, immune compensation, respiratory compensation, and central nervous system depression are not the body's first line of defense against changes in pH.

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  • 10. 

    The chyme entering the intestine from the stomach is:   

    • very basic and quickly buffered by hydrogen ions secreted by the enterocytes.

    • Very basic and quickly buffered by digestive enzymes excreted from the pancreas.

    • Very acidic and quickly buffered by hydrogen ions secreted by the enterocytes.

    • Very acidic and quickly buffered by digestive enzymes excreted from the pancreas.

    • Very acidic and quickly buffered by bicarbonate excreted from the pancreas.

    Correct Answer
    A. Very acidic and quickly buffered by bicarbonate excreted from the pancreas.
    Explanation
    The chyme entering the intestine from the stomach is very acidic because it contains stomach acid. However, it is quickly buffered by bicarbonate excreted from the pancreas. Bicarbonate helps to neutralize the acidity of the chyme, creating a more favorable environment for digestion and absorption in the intestines.

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  • 11. 

    Dietary fat:   

    • Is emulsified by bile.

    • Is digested by lipases.

    • Is packaged into chylomicrons in the epithelial cells lining the intestine.

    • Enters the lymph system.

    • All of the above.

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "all of the above." Dietary fat is emulsified by bile, digested by lipases, packaged into chylomicrons in the epithelial cells lining the intestine, and enters the lymph system.

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  • 12. 

    Ovulation is triggered by the release of _______ from the anterior pituitary.   

    • Prolactin

    • Estrogen

    • Progesterone

    • Luteinizing hormone (LH)

    • Oxytocin

    Correct Answer
    A. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
    Explanation
    Ovulation is triggered by the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. LH is responsible for stimulating the release of a mature egg from the ovary during the menstrual cycle. It causes the follicle to rupture and release the egg, allowing it to be fertilized. This surge in LH is a crucial step in the reproductive process and is necessary for successful ovulation to occur.

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  • 13. 

    If fertilization and subsequently implantation occur what hormone is produced by the embryo to prevent the corpus luteum from degenerating?   

    • Prolactin

    • Oxytocin

    • Testosterone

    • Human chorionic gonadotropin

    • Growth hormone

    Correct Answer
    A. Human chorionic gonadotropin
    Explanation
    Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced by the embryo to prevent the corpus luteum from degenerating. The corpus luteum is responsible for producing progesterone, which is essential for maintaining the uterine lining and supporting early pregnancy. hCG acts as a signal to the corpus luteum to continue producing progesterone, ensuring the survival of the embryo and the maintenance of the pregnancy.

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  • 14. 

    A large, complex molecule that triggers a specific immune response against itself when it gains entry into the body is known as:  

    • An interferon

    • A complement

    • An antibody

    • An antigen

    • An opsonin

    Correct Answer
    A. An antigen
    Explanation
    An antigen is a large, complex molecule that triggers a specific immune response against itself when it enters the body. It is recognized by the immune system as foreign and stimulates the production of antibodies or activates immune cells to attack and eliminate the antigen. Antigens can be proteins, carbohydrates, or other molecules found on the surface of pathogens or on abnormal cells in the body. They play a crucial role in immune responses and are essential for the body's defense against infections and diseases.

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  • 15. 

    The major chemical digestive activity occurring in the stomach is:   

    • Digestion of starch

    • Digestion of protein

    • Digestion of fat

    • Absorption of monosaccharides

    • Digestion of vitamins

    Correct Answer
    A. Digestion of protein
    Explanation
    The major chemical digestive activity occurring in the stomach is the digestion of protein. The stomach produces gastric juices that contain enzymes, such as pepsin, which break down proteins into smaller peptides. This process is essential for the body to absorb and utilize the amino acids present in proteins for various physiological functions.

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  • 16. 

    ______ is released from the adrenal cortex and causes and increase in _______ reabsorption and an increase in ______ secretion from the kidneys.  

    • Rennin : sodium : potassium

    • Aldosterone : potassium : calcium

    • Antidiuretic hormone : water : sodium

    • Rennin : potassium : calcium

    • Aldosterone : sodium : potassium

    Correct Answer
    A. Aldosterone : sodium : potassium
    Explanation
    Aldosterone is released from the adrenal cortex and causes an increase in sodium reabsorption and an increase in potassium secretion from the kidneys.

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  • 17. 

    The symptoms of inflammation, redness and swelling, are due to:  

    • Capillaries in the area of the infection rupturing and spilling blood into the tissue.

    • Capillaries in the area of the infection becoming more permeable and allowing more fluid to leave and enter the tissue.

    • Blockage of the lymph vessels by the infecting agent.

    • Capillaries in the area of the infection becoming less permeable and allowing less fluid to enter from the tissues.

    • None of the above.

    Correct Answer
    A. Capillaries in the area of the infection becoming more permeable and allowing more fluid to leave and enter the tissue.
    Explanation
    When inflammation occurs, the capillaries in the area of the infection become more permeable. This increased permeability allows more fluid to leave the capillaries and enter the surrounding tissue. As a result, the tissue becomes swollen and there may be redness in the area. This process helps to bring immune cells and other substances to the site of infection to fight off the infection and promote healing.

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  • 18. 

    Hay fever that occurs when people are exposed to pollen involves an excess release of IgE, which binds to ________ and causes them to ________.

    • Mast cells : degranulate, releasing histamine

    • Pollen : stimulate the release of histamine

    • Macrophages : destroy the pollen whose by-products stimulate histamine release

    • T helper cells : stimulate the proliferation of cytotoxic T cells

    • Mast cells : stimulate the proliferation of cytotoxic T cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Mast cells : degranulate, releasing histamine
    Explanation
    When people with hay fever are exposed to pollen, IgE binds to mast cells. This binding causes the mast cells to release histamine through a process called degranulation. Histamine is responsible for the symptoms of hay fever, such as sneezing, itching, and a runny nose. Therefore, the correct answer is mast cells: degranulate, releasing histamine.

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  • 19. 

    During the ovarian cycle after the secondary oocyte has been ovulated the follicle cells become the _______ which secretes estrogen and progesterone.   

    • Polar body

    • Zona pellucida

    • Corpus luteum

    • Endometrium

    • Placenta

    Correct Answer
    A. Corpus luteum
    Explanation
    After the secondary oocyte has been ovulated, the follicle cells undergo a transformation and become the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum is responsible for secreting estrogen and progesterone, which are important hormones in the ovarian cycle. These hormones help prepare the uterus for potential implantation and support the development of the uterine lining.

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  • 20. 

    Leydig or interstitial cells:   

    • Secrete inhibin.

    • Form blood-testis barrier.

    • Provide nutrients for developing sperm.

    • Secrete testosterone.

    • Secrete fluid into lumen of seminiferous tubules to support sperm development and transport.

    Correct Answer
    A. Secrete testosterone.
    Explanation
    Leydig or interstitial cells are responsible for secreting testosterone. Testosterone is a male sex hormone that plays a crucial role in the development of male reproductive tissues, such as the testes and prostate, as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics like muscle mass, bone density, and facial hair growth. It also stimulates the production of sperm and regulates the male sex drive. Therefore, the correct answer is that Leydig or interstitial cells secrete testosterone.

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  • 21. 

    Excretion: 

    • Is the movement of a substance from glomerular capillary blood into the tubular lumen.

    • Is the movement of a substance from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular lumen.

    • Is the movement of a substance from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capilliary blood.

    • Is everything that is filtered or secreted and not subsequently absorbed.

    Correct Answer
    A. Is everything that is filtered or secreted and not subsequently absorbed.
    Explanation
    Excretion refers to the process of eliminating waste products or substances from the body. It includes everything that is filtered or secreted in the kidneys and is not reabsorbed back into the bloodstream. This means that any substances that are removed from the glomerular capillary blood and transported into the tubular lumen, as well as any substances that move from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillary blood, are considered part of the excretion process.

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  • 22. 

    Which of the following is TRUE concerning glucose reabsorption from the proximal tubule?  

    • Glucose is never 100% reabsorbed.

    • Glucose is actively transported across the apical membrane by cotransport with sodium.

    • Glucose is actively transported across the basolatereal membrane by a glucose pump.

    • Glucose reabsorption is passive.

    • All of the above are true of glucose reabsorption

    Correct Answer
    A. Glucose is actively transported across the apical membrane by cotransport with sodium.
    Explanation
    Glucose reabsorption from the proximal tubule involves active transport across the apical membrane through cotransport with sodium. This means that glucose is transported into the cell along with sodium ions. This process is energy-dependent and requires the use of transport proteins. The other options are not true concerning glucose reabsorption.

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  • 23. 

    Excessive vomiting can cause metabolic _____ due to increased _________.  

    • Alkalosis : production of bicarbonate ions

    • Acidosis :production of hydrogen ions

    • Alkalosis : loss of hydrogen ions

    • Acidosis : loss of bicarbonate ions

    • Alkalosis : loss of phosphate ions

    Correct Answer
    A. Alkalosis : loss of hydrogen ions
    Explanation
    Excessive vomiting can cause metabolic alkalosis due to the loss of hydrogen ions. Vomiting leads to the loss of stomach acid, which contains hydrogen ions. This loss of hydrogen ions causes an increase in the pH of the blood, leading to alkalosis.

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  • 24. 

    When virgin B cells come in contact with an antigen they have a receptor for, they proliferate and differentiate into ________, which secrete the antibodies that attack the antigen and _______, which remain in the body and provide a quick response upon re-exposure to the same antigen.  

    • Cytotoxic cells : helper cells

    • Helper cells : cytotoxic cells

    • Plasma cells : memory cells

    • Memory cells : plasma cells

    • Plasma cells : helper cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Plasma cells : memory cells
    Explanation
    When virgin B cells come in contact with an antigen they have a receptor for, they proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells, which secrete the antibodies that attack the antigen, and memory cells, which remain in the body and provide a quick response upon re-exposure to the same antigen.

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  • 25. 

    Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases ______ reabsorption from the _____ .  

    • Sodium : proximal tubules

    • Water : proximal tubules

    • Sodium : collecting duct

    • Water : collecting duct

    • Water : ascending limb of the loop of Henle

    Correct Answer
    A. Water : collecting duct
    Explanation
    ADH, also known as vasopressin, is a hormone that regulates the body's water balance. It acts on the collecting ducts in the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of water. This means that more water is taken back into the bloodstream from the urine, leading to a decrease in urine volume and concentration. Therefore, the correct answer is "water: collecting duct."

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  • 26. 

    Receptors on every T cell detect foreign antigens on cells of the body by their association with the ________ on the surface of the infected cells of the body.  

    • Membrane attack complex

    • CD4

    • CD8

    • Major histocompatibility (MHC) molecule

    • Antibodies

    Correct Answer
    A. Major histocompatibility (MHC) molecule
    Explanation
    T cells play a crucial role in the immune response by recognizing and attacking cells that are infected or abnormal. The receptors on T cells are responsible for detecting foreign antigens on the surface of these infected cells. The major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules are proteins found on the surface of almost all cells in the body, and they play a key role in presenting antigens to T cells. Therefore, the correct answer is major histocompatibility (MHC) molecule, as it is the molecule that T cell receptors recognize on the surface of infected cells.

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  • 27. 

    Spermatogenesis: 

    • Occurs in the seminiferous tubules.

    • Begins with haploid spermatogonia that undergo meiosis to form diploid sperm.

    • Is controlled by prolactin.

    • Occurs only prior to birth in males.

    • All of the above.

    Correct Answer
    A. Occurs in the seminiferous tubules.
    Explanation
    Spermatogenesis is the process of sperm production in males. It occurs in the seminiferous tubules, which are located in the testes. The seminiferous tubules are responsible for the production and maturation of sperm cells. Therefore, the given answer is correct as it accurately identifies the location where spermatogenesis takes place.

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  • 28. 

    Which of the following is an incorrect pairing of a structure in the female reproductive system and its function?   

    • Ovary – produce eggs and sex hormones

    • Oviduct – conducts egg from ovary to uterus

    • Uterus - site of fertilization

    • Cervix – opening of uterus that leads to the vagina

    • Vagina – receptacle for penis and birth canal

    Correct Answer
    A. Uterus - site of fertilization
  • 29. 

    The number of primary oocytes in a female: 

    • Is fixed prior to birth.

    • Is maintained constant during her reproductive life because those that are lost are continuously replaced by an equal number of new primary oocytes.

    • Increases at the time of menopaouse.

    • Is unlimited.

    • None of the above.

    Correct Answer
    A. Is fixed prior to birth.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "is fixed prior to birth." This means that the number of primary oocytes, which are immature eggs, is determined and established before a female is born. Unlike males who continuously produce sperm throughout their lives, females are born with a finite number of primary oocytes, and this number does not increase or decrease after birth. This is why women have a limited number of eggs available for fertilization and eventually go through menopause when their supply runs out.

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  • 30. 

    Which of the descriptions of the absorption of nutrients from the small intestine is correct? 

    • Glucose is absorbed by secondary active transport across the apical membrane and facilitated diffusion across the basolateral membrane of enterocytes.

    • Fatty acids are absorbed by secondary active transport across the apical membrane and facilitated diffusion across the basolateral membrane of enterocytes.

    • Amino acids simply diffuse across the apical and basolateral membrane of enterocytes.

    • Water soluble vitamins are carried by micelles to facilitate their absorption.

    • Amino acids are packaged into proteins within the enterocyte and released by exocytosis and enter the lymph system.

    Correct Answer
    A. Glucose is absorbed by secondary active transport across the apical membrane and facilitated diffusion across the basolateral membrane of enterocytes.
    Explanation
    Glucose is absorbed by secondary active transport across the apical membrane and facilitated diffusion across the basolateral membrane of enterocytes. This means that glucose is transported against its concentration gradient using energy from another molecule, and then it diffuses passively across the basolateral membrane. This process allows for efficient absorption of glucose from the small intestine into the bloodstream.

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  • 31. 

    If the plasma colloid osmotic pressure decreases while the glomerular capillary blood pressure and the Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure stays the same the net filtration pressure will _____ leading to ______ fluid being filtered.  

    • Increase : less

    • Increase : more

    • Decrease : less

    • Decrease : more

    Correct Answer
    A. Increase : more
    Explanation
    If the plasma colloid osmotic pressure decreases, it means there is less pressure from proteins in the blood to pull fluid back into the capillaries. This, combined with the glomerular capillary blood pressure and Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure staying the same, leads to an increase in net filtration pressure. The increase in net filtration pressure means that more fluid will be filtered out of the capillaries and into the Bowman's capsule.

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  • 32. 

    Secretion: 

    • Is the movement of a substance from glomerular capillary blood into the tubular lumen.

    • Is the movement of a substance from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular lumen.

    • Is the movement of a substance from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capilliary blood.

    • Is everything that is filtered or secreted and not subsequently absorbed.

    Correct Answer
    A. Is the movement of a substance from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular lumen.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "is the movement of a substance from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular lumen." This explanation aligns with the definition of secretion, which refers to the movement of substances from the peritubular capillary blood (located outside the tubules) into the tubular lumen (inside the tubules). This process allows for the elimination of certain substances from the blood into the urine.

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  • 33. 

    The loop of Henle in juxtamedullary nephrons sets up the vertical osmotic gradient found in the medulla of the kidney by allowing reabsorption of ______ only in the descending limb and reabsorption of _____ only in the ascending limb.  

    • Sodium : water

    • Potassium : water

    • Sodium : potassium

    • Water : sodium

    • Calcium : potassium

    Correct Answer
    A. Water : sodium
    Explanation
    The loop of Henle in juxtamedullary nephrons allows for the reabsorption of water only in the descending limb and the reabsorption of sodium only in the ascending limb. This creates a vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney, with higher osmolarity at the bottom of the loop and lower osmolarity at the top. This gradient is important for the concentration and dilution of urine, as well as for maintaining the body's water and electrolyte balance.

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  • 34. 

    Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of the liver?   

    • Secretion of bile

    • Synthesis of albumin

    • Removal of aged erythrocytes

    • Secretion of H+

    • Synthesis and modification of hormones

    Correct Answer
    A. Secretion of H+
    Explanation
    The liver performs various functions, including secretion of bile, synthesis of albumin, removal of aged erythrocytes, and synthesis and modification of hormones. However, the liver does not secrete H+.

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  • 35. 

    ______ increases blood calcium levels by increasing calcium reabsorption from the nephrons while _______ decreases blood calcium levels by decreasing calcium reabsorption from the nephrons.  

    • Calcitriol : calcitonin

    • Parathyroid hormone : calcitonin

    • Calcitonin : parathyroid hormone

    • Parathyroid hormone : calcitriol

    • Calcitriol : parathyroid hormone

    Correct Answer
    A. Parathyroid hormone : calcitonin
    Explanation
    Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels by increasing calcium reabsorption from the nephrons, while calcitonin decreases blood calcium levels by decreasing calcium reabsorption from the nephrons.

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  • 36. 

    Which of the following is NOT an appropriate target for the immune system?  

    • Pathogenic bacteria

    • Body cell infected by a virus

    • Intestinal parasite

    • Inhaled dust mite feces

    • Body cell that has become cancerous

    Correct Answer
    A. Inhaled dust mite feces
    Explanation
    The immune system is designed to protect the body from harmful pathogens and abnormal cells. Pathogenic bacteria, body cells infected by a virus, intestinal parasites, and body cells that have become cancerous are all appropriate targets for the immune system to recognize and eliminate. However, inhaled dust mite feces is not a pathogen or abnormal cell that poses a direct threat to the body. Therefore, it is not an appropriate target for the immune system.

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  • 37. 

    The penis becomes erect:   

    • Due to sympathetic induced vasoconstriction of penile arterioles.

    • Due to parasympathetic induced vasoconstriction of penile arterioles.

    • Due to sympathetic induced vasodilation of penile arterioles.

    • Due to parasympathetic induced vasodilation of penile arterioles.

    • Due to sympathetic induced vasoconstriction of penile veins.

    Correct Answer
    A. Due to parasympathetic induced vasodilation of penile arterioles.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "due to parasympathetic induced vasodilation of penile arterioles." This means that the penis becomes erect because the parasympathetic nervous system causes the blood vessels in the penis to widen, allowing more blood to flow into the area and resulting in an erection.

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  • 38. 

    Which of the following parts of the innate or nonspecific immune system causes cells to produce virus blocking enzymes?  

    • Complement system

    • Interferon

    • NK cells

    • Histamine

    • Inflammation

    Correct Answer
    A. Interferon
    Explanation
    Interferons are a type of signaling proteins that are produced by cells in response to viral infections. When cells detect the presence of a virus, they release interferons to signal neighboring cells to activate their antiviral defenses. One of the defenses activated by interferons is the production of virus-blocking enzymes. These enzymes can inhibit viral replication and spread, providing a nonspecific defense against viral infections. Therefore, interferon is the correct answer for the question.

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  • 39. 

    Which of the following is NOT accomplished by antibodies?  

    • Neutralization of bacterial toxins.

    • Activation of the complement system.

    • Direct destruction of foreign cells.

    • Enhancement of phagocytosis.

    • Stimulation of killer cells.

    Correct Answer
    A. Direct destruction of foreign cells.
    Explanation
    Antibodies play a crucial role in the immune response by recognizing and binding to specific foreign substances, known as antigens. They can neutralize bacterial toxins by binding to them and preventing them from causing harm. Antibodies can also activate the complement system, which is a group of proteins that work together to destroy pathogens. Additionally, antibodies can enhance phagocytosis by binding to pathogens and marking them for destruction by immune cells. They can also stimulate killer cells, such as natural killer cells, to target and destroy infected cells. However, antibodies do not directly destroy foreign cells themselves.

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  • 40. 

    Which of the following parts of the innate or nonspecific immune system is present in the blood in an inactive form until it comes in contact with a bacteria bound with antibodies or the carbohydrate chains on a bacteria.

    • Complement system

    • Interferon

    • NK cells

    • Histamine

    • Inflammation

    Correct Answer
    A. Complement system
    Explanation
    The complement system is a part of the innate immune system that is present in the blood in an inactive form. It becomes activated when it comes in contact with a bacteria bound with antibodies or the carbohydrate chains on a bacteria. Activation of the complement system leads to a cascade of reactions that result in the destruction of the bacteria and the recruitment of other immune cells to the site of infection. This process is an important defense mechanism against bacterial infections.

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  • 41. 

    The exocrine portion of the pancreas:   

    • Secretes insulin into the bloodstream.

    • Secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum.

    • Secretes bicarbonate into the duodenum.

    • All of the above.

    • Both (b) and (c).

    Correct Answer
    A. Both (b) and (c).
    Explanation
    The correct answer is both (b) and (c). The exocrine portion of the pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine. These enzymes help in the breakdown of food and aid in digestion. Additionally, the exocrine portion of the pancreas also secretes bicarbonate into the duodenum. Bicarbonate helps to neutralize the acidic chyme coming from the stomach, creating a more favorable environment for digestion. Therefore, both (b) and (c) are correct as they describe the functions of the exocrine portion of the pancreas.

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  • 42. 

    A secondary response to an invading microorganism is:  

    • Launched by memory cells.

    • Slower and weaker than the primary response.

    • Faster, stronger and longer-lasting than the primary response.

    • Both (a) and (b)

    • Both (a) and (c)

    Correct Answer
    A. Both (a) and (c)
    Explanation
    The secondary response to an invading microorganism is both launched by memory cells and faster, stronger, and longer-lasting than the primary response. Memory cells are specialized immune cells that "remember" previous encounters with a specific pathogen. When the same pathogen is encountered again, memory cells quickly initiate a secondary immune response, which is faster and more robust than the primary response. This secondary response is also longer-lasting, providing enhanced protection against the invading microorganism.

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  • 43. 

    Which of the following statements concerning sex determination and sex differentiation is correct?   

    • An XY combination of sex chromosomes is a genetic male.

    • The secretion of testosterone by the fetal gonads induces the development of male external genitalia and reproductive tract.

    • The secretion of estrogen by the fetal gonads induces the development of female external genitalia and reproductive tract.

    • Both (a) and (b) above.

    • All of the above.

    Correct Answer
    A. Both (a) and (b) above.
    Explanation
    Both statement (a) and (b) are correct. An XY combination of sex chromosomes is a genetic male, indicating that the presence of a Y chromosome determines maleness. Additionally, the secretion of testosterone by the fetal gonads, which are present in males, induces the development of male external genitalia and reproductive tract. Therefore, both genetic factors (XY chromosomes) and hormonal factors (testosterone secretion) contribute to sex determination and sex differentiation in males.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Mar 21, 2023 +

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 21, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
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  • Dec 07, 2011
    Quiz Created by
    Jondahl5

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