Dr Gawad Physiology Course Online Exams –descending Tracts, Spinal Cord Transection, Rf, EEG, Sleep

2.

Regarding pyramidal tracts:

Mainly inhibitory to the muscle tone.
Fibers are mainly crossing the midline.
All skeletal muscle have dual supply from this tract
None of the above.

Correct Answer

A. Fibers are mainly crossing the midline.

Explanation

The correct answer is "fibers are mainly crossing the midline." The pyramidal tracts are responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movements. They consist of nerve fibers that originate in the motor cortex of the brain and travel down the spinal cord. These fibers primarily cross the midline of the body, meaning that the motor signals from the brain control muscles on the opposite side of the body. This allows for coordinated movement and control of both sides of the body.

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3.

Regarding REM sleep, which is true:

Heart rate is regular
Respiratory rate is regular
Dreams can be consolidated
Muscle tone is markedly increased

Correct Answer

A. Dreams can be consolidated

Explanation

During REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, dreams can be consolidated. This is because REM sleep is characterized by intense brain activity and vivid dreaming. During this stage, the brain consolidates and processes emotional experiences and memories, which can result in the formation of dreams. The other statements are not true for REM sleep. Heart rate and respiratory rate may vary during REM sleep, and muscle tone is actually decreased, causing temporary paralysis to prevent acting out dreams.

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4.

Which of the following will never be affected in syringomyelia:

Lateral spinothalamic tract.
Dorsal column leminiscus pathway.
Lower motor neuron.
None of above

Correct Answer

A. Dorsal column leminiscus pathway.

Explanation

The dorsal column leminiscus pathway will never be affected in syringomyelia because syringomyelia is a condition characterized by the formation of a fluid-filled cavity within the spinal cord, which typically affects the central gray matter. The dorsal column leminiscus pathway, which is responsible for transmitting touch, vibration, and proprioception sensations, is located in the posterior part of the spinal cord, away from the central gray matter. Therefore, it is not directly affected by the fluid-filled cavity and remains intact.

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5.

Regarding spinal shock phase, which is false:

Sensations below lesion are lost
Motor function below lesion is lost
Autonomic bowel and bladder function is intact
None of the above

Correct Answer

A. Autonomic bowel and bladder function is intact

Explanation

During the spinal shock phase, the body experiences a temporary loss of reflexes and functions below the level of the spinal cord injury. Sensations and motor function below the lesion are typically lost during this phase. However, autonomic bowel and bladder function is not intact during spinal shock. This means that the individual may experience loss of control over their bowel and bladder movements.

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6.

About the spinal cord transaction, which of the following is not true:

The spinal reflex are lost during the stage of the spinal shock.
Mortality is mainly due to urinary tract infection.
Patient with spinal transection at T1 has higher blood pressure than a patient with transection at T12
Devervation sensitivity explains stage of recovery

Correct Answer

A. Patient with spinal transection at T1 has higher blood pressure than a patient with transection at T12

Explanation

The statement "patient with spinal transection at T1 has higher blood pressure than a patient with transection at T12" is not true. In fact, a patient with spinal transection at T1 would have lower blood pressure compared to a patient with transection at T12. This is because the sympathetic nervous system, which controls blood pressure, is affected by spinal cord injuries. The higher up the injury is, the more severe the impact on blood pressure regulation.

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1

7.

Regarding extrapyramidal tracts:

Are only stimulatory to the AHC
The lateral tectospinal tract is considered with the audiospinal reflexs.
Basal ganglia are included in the central control of this tracts
None of the above.

Correct Answer

A. Basal ganglia are included in the central control of this tracts

Explanation

The basal ganglia are involved in the central control of extrapyramidal tracts. These tracts are responsible for involuntary movements and are separate from the pyramidal tracts that control voluntary movements. The basal ganglia help regulate and modulate the activity of the extrapyramidal tracts, ensuring smooth and coordinated movement. Therefore, the statement that basal ganglia are included in the central control of these tracts is correct.

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8.

Regarding Brown Sequard syndrome, which is false:

Dorsal column sensations from ipsilateral part of the body below the lesion are lost
Spinothalamic tract sensations from ipsilateral part of the body below the lesion are intact
UMNL of ipsilateral muscles below the lesion
None of the above

Correct Answer

A. None of the above

Explanation

The statement "None of the above" is the correct answer because all of the statements provided are true regarding Brown Sequard syndrome. In this condition, there is a hemisection or damage to one side of the spinal cord. This results in the loss of dorsal column sensations from the ipsilateral part of the body below the lesion, while the spinothalamic tract sensations from the ipsilateral part of the body below the lesion remain intact. Additionally, there is an upper motor neuron lesion (UMNL) of the ipsilateral muscles below the lesion. Therefore, none of the statements are false.

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1

Dr Gawad Physiology Course Online Exams –descending Tracts, Spinal Cord Transection, Rf, EEG, Sleep

Which of the following descending tract will inhibit muscle contraction:

Quiz Preview

Regarding pyramidal tracts:

Regarding REM sleep, which is true:

Which of the following will never be affected in syringomyelia:

Regarding spinal shock phase, which is false:

About the spinal cord transaction, which of the following is not true:

Regarding extrapyramidal tracts:

Regarding Brown Sequard syndrome, which is false: