Drgawad Online Physiology Exams: EEG, Sleep, Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic System

During REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, the brain is highly active and vivid dreaming occurs. This is the stage of sleep where dreams are most likely to be remembered. Consolidation refers to the process of strengthening and integrating new memories into existing knowledge and long-term memory storage. Studies have shown that REM sleep plays a crucial role in the consolidation of memories, particularly those related to procedural learning and emotional experiences. Therefore, it is true that dreams can be consolidated during REM sleep.

During non-REM sleep, dreams are not consolidated. Dreams are more commonly associated with REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, which is a different stage of sleep. Non-REM sleep is characterized by a decrease in heart rate, a drop in blood pressure, and a decrease in peripheral vascular tone.

The statement "pain is following the all or nothing principle" means that in thalamic syndrome, the perception of pain is either completely absent or extremely intense, with no middle ground. This suggests that the thalamus, which is responsible for relaying sensory information to the brain, is not functioning properly. This can result in a loss of epicretic sensations (sensations of touch, pressure, and temperature) on the same side of the body, as well as marked effects on face sensations. However, the statement does not provide any information about the localization of pain or its relationship to the body's midline.

The statement "feeding center is chronically active" means that the hypothalamus is constantly involved in regulating feeding behavior. The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in controlling appetite and satiety through the release of various hormones and neurotransmitters. It monitors nutrient levels in the body and triggers hunger or fullness signals accordingly. This constant activity of the feeding center ensures that the body's energy needs are met and helps maintain a balance in food intake.

The destruction of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus can lead to obesity. This is because the ventromedial nucleus is responsible for regulating satiety and controlling hunger. When this area is damaged, it can disrupt the normal signaling and feedback mechanisms that regulate food intake, leading to overeating and weight gain.

The anterior hypothalamus is considered as a sleeping center. It is responsible for regulating sleep and wakefulness. It contains neurons that release inhibitory neurotransmitters, promoting sleep. Stimulation of the anterior hypothalamus can lead to drowsiness and sleep, while damage to this area can cause insomnia.

The statement "ant hypothalamus stimulation causes low heart rate" is true. The anterior hypothalamus is involved in regulating the autonomic nervous system, which controls various bodily functions including heart rate. Stimulation of the anterior hypothalamus can lead to a decrease in heart rate.