Pharm Mt 1 Part III

There is more than one cytochrom P450 enzyme

• True

• False

Where are P450 isoenzymes located specifically in the liver?

• Nucleus of hepatocytes

• Golgi of hepatocytes

• Plasma membrane of hepatocytes

• Endoplasmic recticulum of hepatocytes

In Phase I reactions, drugs are ___________ or ___________. In Phase II reactions, a polar molecular group is __________ to the drug which increases its polarity.

Unbound, or free drugs (aka not bound to serum proteins) will reach __________ between the blood and tissues.

What general category of antibiotics can lead to permanent teeth staining when given to a child before the age of 8?

• Sulfa drugs

• Cephalosporins

• Tetracyclins

• Aminoglycosides

Metabolic reactions can transform an active drug into a less active form or into inactive metabolites.  Metabolic reactions can also transform a prodrug into a more active drug or metabolite.

• True

• False

Which of the following conditions DOES NOT result in hypoalbuinermia (low serum albumin levels)?

• Renal dialysis patients

• Burn patients

• Elderly patients with chronic disease states

• Malnourished patients

• None of the above (they all result in hypoalbumineria)

In general, clinically significant drug interactions are more likely to occur between substrates and either inhibitors and induces of _____ CYP enzyme(s).

There are substrates, inhibitors, and inducers for oral meds under the OD scope of practice

• True

• False

Pharmacologic metabolic processes often result in drugs becoming more _____ and more _____-soluble.

Which of the following is NOT part of microsomal (P450) oxidation reactions?

• Hydroxylation

• Azo-reduction

• Oxidation

• Polarizing atom exchange

What most commonly occurs in CYP inhibition?

• Inhibitor drug metabolizes to CYP enzyme

• Inhibitor drug prevents absorption of CYP enzyme

• Inhibitor drug competitively binds to active site of enzyme

• None of the above

What cytochrome P450 enzyme accounts for nearly half of all CYP activity?

• CYP 1A

• CYP 2C

• CYP 2E

• CYP 3A

During drug metabolism, what is the general trend that occurs?

• Drugs become more hydrophobic

• Drugs become increasingly less active

• Drugs are deposited more on various tissues

• Drugs become more polar

What percent of patients taking amiodarone present with corneal microdeposits?

• 1%

• 10%

• 50%

• 90%

Check ALL the factors that allow a drug to more easily across plasma membranes.

• Smaller molecular structure

• Water-soluble

• Ionization

Which of the following drugs can result in optic neuritis/neuropathy and can deposit in the cornea and affect vision?

• Phenytoin (Dylantin)

• Mannitol with cisplatinum

• Propofol (Diprivan)

• Amiodarone (Pacerone, Cordarone)

Which of the following does NOT require energy nor a transport carrier?

• Passive diffusion

• Carrier-assisted diffusion

• Hydrophillic channels

• Active transport

• More than one of the above

• All of the above require either energy or a transport carrier

What are potential consequences of drug deposition?

• Faster drug release

• Slower drug release

• Changes in the tissue

• Drug inactivation

• More than one of the above

Choose ALL of the reactions that fall under Phase II reactions:

• Glucuronide conjugation

• Dealkylation

• Ethereal sulfate conjugation

• Acetylation

• Transulfuration

• Glutathion conjugation

When Nepafenac penetrates the cornea, it’s converted into a more active form that acts as:

• IOP reducer

• Hemorrhage stabalizer

• Analgesic

• Edema reducer

The drug propofol (Diprivan) has a short duration of action due to the rapid re-distribution to other tissues via the ____ system.

• Gastrointestinal

• Respiratory

• Cardiovascular

• CNS

ACE Inhibitors are an example of a type of drug that results in a drug becoming ____ active than the parent drug

• More

• Less

Why is it that the cornea is a difficult tissue for drugs to penetrate?

What is the definition for 'volume of distribution of a drug'?

Explain why azithromycin (Z-Pak) can deliver the equivalent of 7-10 days of therapy with 5 days of dosing.