Pharm Mt 1 Part III
Principles of Pharm (Pgs. 19-26)
- 1.Why is it that the cornea is a difficult tissue for drugs to penetrate?
- 2.What is the definition for 'volume of distribution of a drug'?
- 3.Explain why azithromycin (Z-Pak) can deliver the equivalent of 7-10 days of therapy with 5 days of dosing.
- 4.The drug propofol (Diprivan) has a short duration of action due to the rapid re-distribution to other tissues via the ____ system.
- A.
Gastrointestinal
- B.
Respiratory
- C.
Cardiovascular
- D.
CNS
- 5.There are substrates, inhibitors, and inducers for oral meds under the OD scope of practice
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 6.Check ALL the factors that allow a drug to more easily across plasma membranes.
- A.
Smaller molecular structure
- B.
Water-soluble
- C.
Ionization
- 7.Ionization makes a drug molecule _____ lipid-soluble
- 8.Which of the following conditions DOES NOT result in hypoalbuinermia (low serum albumin levels)?
- A.
Renal dialysis patients
- B.
Burn patients
- C.
Elderly patients with chronic disease states
- D.
Malnourished patients
- E.
None of the above (they all result in hypoalbumineria)
- 9.In general, clinically significant drug interactions are more likely to occur between substrates and either inhibitors and induces of _____ CYP enzyme(s).
- 10.Which of the following drugs can result in optic neuritis/neuropathy and can deposit in the cornea and affect vision?
- A.
Phenytoin (Dylantin)
- B.
Mannitol with cisplatinum
- C.
Propofol (Diprivan)
- D.
Amiodarone (Pacerone, Cordarone)
- 11.Which of the following does NOT require energy nor a transport carrier?
- A.
Passive diffusion
- B.
Carrier-assisted diffusion
- C.
Hydrophillic channels
- D.
Active transport
- E.
More than one of the above
- F.
All of the above require either energy or a transport carrier
- 12.ACE Inhibitors are an example of a type of drug that results in a drug becoming ____ active than the parent drug
- A.
More
- B.
Less
- 13.What percent of patients taking amiodarone present with corneal microdeposits?
- A.
1%
- B.
10%
- C.
50%
- D.
90%
- 14.What most commonly occurs in CYP inhibition?
- A.
Inhibitor drug metabolizes to CYP enzyme
- B.
Inhibitor drug prevents absorption of CYP enzyme
- C.
Inhibitor drug competitively binds to active site of enzyme
- D.
None of the above
- 15.Pharmacologic metabolic processes often result in drugs becoming more _____ and more _____-soluble.
- 16.What are potential consequences of drug deposition?
- A.
Faster drug release
- B.
Slower drug release
- C.
Changes in the tissue
- D.
Drug inactivation
- E.
More than one of the above
- 17.What general category of antibiotics can lead to permanent teeth staining when given to a child before the age of 8?
- A.
Sulfa drugs
- B.
Cephalosporins
- C.
Tetracyclins
- D.
Aminoglycosides
- 18.There is more than one cytochrom P450 enzyme
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 19.Where are P450 isoenzymes located specifically in the liver?
- A.
Nucleus of hepatocytes
- B.
Golgi of hepatocytes
- C.
Plasma membrane of hepatocytes
- D.
Endoplasmic recticulum of hepatocytes
- 20.Which of the following is NOT part of microsomal (P450) oxidation reactions?
- A.
Hydroxylation
- B.
Azo-reduction
- C.
Oxidation
- D.
Polarizing atom exchange
- 21.Unbound, or free drugs (aka not bound to serum proteins) will reach __________ between the blood and tissues.
- 22.Metabolic reactions can transform an active drug into a less active form or into inactive metabolites. Metabolic reactions can also transform a prodrug into a more active drug or metabolite.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 23.Choose ALL of the reactions that fall under Phase II reactions:
- A.
Glucuronide conjugation
- B.
Dealkylation
- C.
Ethereal sulfate conjugation
- D.
Acetylation
- E.
Transulfuration
- F.
Glutathion conjugation
- 24.In Phase I reactions, drugs are ___________ or ___________. In Phase II reactions, a polar molecular group is __________ to the drug which increases its polarity.
- 25.During drug metabolism, what is the general trend that occurs?
- A.
Drugs become more hydrophobic
- B.
Drugs become increasingly less active
- C.
Drugs are deposited more on various tissues
- D.
Drugs become more polar
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