Pharm Mt 1 Part III

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1. Ionization makes a drug molecule _____ lipid-soluble

Explanation

Ionization is the process of gaining or losing an electron, resulting in the formation of charged particles called ions. When a drug molecule becomes ionized, it becomes more polar and less lipid-soluble. This is because lipid molecules are nonpolar, while ions are charged and therefore interact more readily with polar molecules. As a result, ionization decreases the ability of a drug molecule to dissolve in lipids and pass through lipid-rich barriers, such as cell membranes. Therefore, the correct answer is "less."

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About This Quiz
Pharm Mt 1 Part III - Quiz

Pharm MT 1 Part III assesses knowledge on pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, and tissue penetration. It covers critical aspects such as drug distribution, ionization, and molecular structure impact on drug efficacy. Essential for students in medical and pharmaceutical fields.

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2. There is more than one cytochrom P450 enzyme

Explanation

pg. 24

There have been 100s found although far fewer are found in humans.
We are now aware that CYP enzymes may be involved in the metabolism of approx 75% of all drugs.

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3. Where are P450 isoenzymes located specifically in the liver?

Explanation

Through an electron transport change that uses NADPH as a proton carrier, a drug bound to cytochrome P450 can be oxidized or reduced

p.23

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4. In Phase I reactions, drugs are ___________ or ___________. In Phase II reactions, a polar molecular group is __________ to the drug which increases its polarity.

Explanation

pg. 23

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5. Unbound, or free drugs (aka not bound to serum proteins) will reach __________ between the blood and tissues.

Explanation

pg. 21

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6. What general category of antibiotics can lead to permanent teeth staining when given to a child before the age of 8?

Explanation

The specific example was doxycycline (Vibramycin), and this is a sub-category of tetracyclines. It can deposit in bones, liver, spleen and teeth

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7. Metabolic reactions can transform an active drug into a less active form or into inactive metabolites.  Metabolic reactions can also transform a prodrug into a more active drug or metabolite.

Explanation

pg. 22

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8. Which of the following conditions DOES NOT result in hypoalbuinermia (low serum albumin levels)?

Explanation

Patients with extremely low serum albumin levels may not have the full expected drug action of effect due to the fact that protein bound drugs can reach higher concentrations between the blood and tissues.

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9. In general, clinically significant drug interactions are more likely to occur between substrates and either inhibitors and induces of _____ CYP enzyme(s).

Explanation

pg. 24

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10. There are substrates, inhibitors, and inducers for oral meds under the OD scope of practice

Explanation

see pg. 25 for a list of inhibitors and inducers of the P450 system that are prescribed by ODs

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11. Pharmacologic metabolic processes often result in drugs becoming more _____ and more _____-soluble.

Explanation

Pharmacologic metabolic processes often result in drugs becoming more polar and more water-soluble. This means that during metabolism, drugs tend to undergo chemical changes that increase their polarity and their ability to dissolve in water. This is important because polar and water-soluble drugs are more easily absorbed, distributed, and eliminated from the body, making them more effective and safer for use.

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12. Which of the following is NOT part of microsomal (P450) oxidation reactions?

Explanation

Microsomal oxidation reactions: hydroxylation, dealkylation, oxidation, polarizing atom exchange

azo-reduction is a microsomal REDUCTION reaction

pg. 23

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13. What most commonly occurs in CYP inhibition?

Explanation

When the CYP inhibitor drug binds to the active site of the enzyme it prevents normal enzyme binding and routine metabolism from occurring.

pg. 24

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14. What cytochrome P450 enzyme accounts for nearly half of all CYP activity?

Explanation

pg. 24

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15. During drug metabolism, what is the general trend that occurs?

Explanation

pg. 23

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16. What percent of patients taking amiodarone present with corneal microdeposits?

Explanation

Summary of adverse ocular effects of amiodarone:
- optic neuritis (1%)
- corneal microdepsoits (> 90%) causing visual distuburbance ( - visual disturbance (2-9%)
- halo vision (esp at night ) (
pg. 21
-

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17. Check ALL the factors that allow a drug to more easily across plasma membranes.

Explanation

Drugs that are lipid-soluble, smaller molecular structure and are NOT ionized have a better ability to pass thru plasma membranes (pg. 19).

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18. Which of the following drugs can result in optic neuritis/neuropathy and can deposit in the cornea and affect vision?

Explanation

amiodarone is a heart medication...this example was used to demonstrate drug deposition (pg. 21)

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19. Which of the following does NOT require energy nor a transport carrier?

Explanation

passive diffusion + hydrophillic channels require no energy input and do not need a transport carrier

carrier-assisted diffusion only requires a transport carrier
active transport requires both energy an a transport carrier
(pg.19)

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20. What are potential consequences of drug deposition?

Explanation

Drug deposition occurs when a drug deposits in a specific tissue and accumulates. This may result in SLOWER drug release or eventual changes in the tissues

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21. Choose ALL of the reactions that fall under Phase II reactions:

Explanation

pg.23

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22. When Nepafenac penetrates the cornea, it's converted into a more active form that acts as:

Explanation

Nepafenac, when it penetrates the cornea, is converted into a more active form that acts as an analgesic. This means that it functions as a pain reliever.

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23. The drug propofol (Diprivan) has a short duration of action due to the rapid re-distribution to other tissues via the ____ system.

Explanation

Short duration of action is also due to its high metabolic clearance and high lipophilicty (pg.21). This drug is able to cross the blood brain barrier.

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24. ACE Inhibitors are an example of a type of drug that results in a drug becoming ____ active than the parent drug

Explanation

ACE inhibitors are a type of drug that inhibits the angiotensin converting enzyme, which leads to the dilation of blood vessels and a decrease in blood pressure. This action makes the drug more active than the parent drug, as it enhances the drug's ability to lower blood pressure and treat conditions such as hypertension and heart failure.

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Ionization makes a drug molecule _____ lipid-soluble
There is more than one cytochrom P450 enzyme
Where are P450 isoenzymes located specifically in the liver?
In Phase I reactions, drugs are ___________ or ___________. In Phase...
Unbound, or free drugs (aka not bound to serum proteins) will reach...
What general category of antibiotics can lead to permanent teeth...
Metabolic reactions can transform an active drug into a less active...
Which of the following conditions DOES NOT result in hypoalbuinermia...
In general, clinically significant drug interactions are more likely...
There are substrates, inhibitors, and inducers for oral meds under the...
Pharmacologic metabolic processes often result in drugs becoming more...
Which of the following is NOT part of microsomal (P450) oxidation...
What most commonly occurs in CYP inhibition?
What cytochrome P450 enzyme accounts for nearly half of all CYP...
During drug metabolism, what is the general trend that occurs?
What percent of patients taking amiodarone present with corneal...
Check ALL the factors that allow a drug to more easily across plasma...
Which of the following drugs can result in optic neuritis/neuropathy...
Which of the following does NOT require energy nor a transport...
What are potential consequences of drug deposition?
Choose ALL of the reactions that fall under Phase II reactions:
When Nepafenac penetrates the cornea, it's converted into a more...
The drug propofol (Diprivan) has a short duration of action due to the...
ACE Inhibitors are an example of a type of drug that results in a drug...
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