Pharmacology Hardest Exam! Trivia Quiz

1. This IV GA could be deadly: you could fall asleep, stop breathing and die. SE are major decreases in blood pressure, vasodilation, a decrease in myocardial contractility, and a decrease in ventilation rate. Michael Jackson supposedly died this way

Propofol

Ketamine

Midazolam

Fentanyl

Mechanism: enhance the effects of GABA at GABAa inhibitory receptors. This drug is the MOST COMMON induction agent of anesthesia in the US.

Explanation

Mechanism: enhance the effects of GABA at GABAa inhibitory receptors. This drug is the MOST COMMON induction agent of anesthesia in the US.

2. This drug is used to treat Malignant Hyperthermia.

Dantrolene

Mivacurium

Rocuronium

Succinylcholine

It's a ryanodine receptor inhibitor causing muscle relaxation.

Explanation

It's a ryanodine receptor inhibitor causing muscle relaxation.

3. This type of anesthesia occurs in the space within the vertebral canal but superficial to the dural sac.

Surface Anesthesia

Field Block Anesthesia

Nerve block anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia

Epidural block

Spinal Block

You can fine tune the anesthesia by varying the dose of LA into catheter

Explanation

You can fine tune the anesthesia by varying the dose of LA into catheter

4. Which one of the following is a vaginal ring inserted for three weeks?

Micronor

Orvette

Depo-Provera

Ortho Evra

NuvaRing

Mirena

Inserted prior to the fifth day of the mensrual cycle.

Explanation

Inserted prior to the fifth day of the mensrual cycle.

5. Which of the following is an adverse reaction to most inhaled GAs? Results in uncontrolled muscle contraction bc the ryanodine calcium channels do not close? Leads to heat generation

Amnesia

Immobility

Attenuation of autonomic response to noxious stimulus

Malignant Hyperthermia

Emergence Excitement

Laughter

Myocytes lyse releaseing potassium resulting in fatal cardiac events. Tx with DANTROLENE - ryanodine receptor inhibitor.

Explanation

Myocytes lyse releaseing potassium resulting in fatal cardiac events. Tx with DANTROLENE - ryanodine receptor inhibitor.

6. This inhaled GA produces profound analgesia and is commonly used on the battlefield and vet medicine.

Propofol

Ketamine

Midazolam

Fentanyl

SE: increases blood pressure, so good in pts at risk for hypotension.

Explanation

SE: increases blood pressure, so good in pts at risk for hypotension.

7. This drug is most widely used in local anesthesia. Used for infiltration, nerve block, spinal and epi blocks.

Lidocaine

Articaine

Benzocaine

Epinephrine

8. This drug is used in conjunction with local anesthetics to decrease the rate of absorption and prolonged anesthesia via vasoconstriction at the site of injection.

Lidocaine

Articaine

Benzocaine

Epinephrine

Do not inject at peripheral sites (digits, ear, nose, penis) due to loss of blood supply.

Explanation

Do not inject at peripheral sites (digits, ear, nose, penis) due to loss of blood supply.

9. Which of the following is very common in prolonged operations because operating room temps are typically below 21 C.

Amnesia

Immobility

Attenuation of autonomic response to noxious stimulus

Hypothermia

Emergence Excitement

Laughter

Warming methods: heated surgical beds, heating of air of inhaled GAs and using microprocessor controlled water-filled garments.

Explanation

Warming methods: heated surgical beds, heating of air of inhaled GAs and using microprocessor controlled water-filled garments.

10. Which one of the following oral contraceptive is a patch placed on the abdomen, buttocks, upper torso, or upper arm?

Micronor

Orvette

Depo-Provera

Ortho Evra

NuvaRing

Mirena

Doesn't work as well in woman over 90 kg (198 lbs)

Explanation

Doesn't work as well in woman over 90 kg (198 lbs)

11. Which of the following drugs is used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women?

Premarin

Prempro

Raloxifene Hydrochloride

Clomiphene

Leuprolide Acetate

It acts as an estrogen agonist in bone. (SERMS)

Explanation

It acts as an estrogen agonist in bone. (SERMS)

12. These two drugs are competitive inhibitors of ACh binding to ACh receptor at NMG. They are not metabolized by acetylcholine esterase.

Dantrolene

Mivacurium

Rocuronium

Succinylcholine

Submit

13. This drug is a DEPOLARIZING NMJ blocker.

Dantrolene

Mivacurium

Rocuronium

Succinylcholine

Neostigmine antagonizes the SCh block in phase II.

Explanation

Neostigmine antagonizes the SCh block in phase II.

14. This local anesthetic has a duration of action of 1 hour and has become the LA of choice for dentists.

Lidocaine

Articaine

Benzocaine

Epinephrine

15. This ester is used topically for surface anesthesia. One brand name is HURRICANE :)

Lidocaine

Articaine

Benzocaine

Epinephrine

16. This intrauterine device needs to be inserted by a healthcare provider. It stays in place for 5 years

Micronor

Orvette

Depo-Provera

Ortho Evra

NuvaRing

Mirena

SE: introduction of bacteria into the genital tract causing the development of PID. ParaGuard is left in place for 10 YEARS!!

Explanation

SE: introduction of bacteria into the genital tract causing the development of PID. ParaGuard is left in place for 10 YEARS!!

17. Which of the following drugs is used for prostate cancer, endometriosis, and precocious puberty?

Premarin

Prempro

Raloxifene Hydrochloride

Clomiphene

Leuprolide Acetate

It is a GnRH agonist. Watch out for hot flashes and night sweats.

Explanation

It is a GnRH agonist. Watch out for hot flashes and night sweats.

18. Which of the following are required for a pt to achieve an anesthetic state for surgery?

Amnesia

Immobility

Attenuation of autonomic response to noxious stimulus

Hypothermia

Emergence Excitement

Laughter

Submit

19. Which of the following is a condition where the half conscious pt exhibits restlessnes, crying, moaning, and in extreme cases thrashing? (kinda sounds like a bad dream?)

Amnesia

Immobility

Attenuation of autonomic response to noxious stimulus

Hypothermia

Emergence Excitement

Laughter

Occurs in 5-30% of pts and is more common in children, the elderly, and drug-dependent pts.

Explanation

Occurs in 5-30% of pts and is more common in children, the elderly, and drug-dependent pts.

20. This drug is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia and male pattern baldness.

Menotropins

Follitropin alpha/beta

Chorionic Gonadotropin

Choriogonadotropin alpha

Finasteride

Dutasteride

It blocks the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.

Explanation

It blocks the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.

21. This NMJ blocker has a SHORT duration of action (12-18 minutes) and causes histamine release.

Dantrolene

Mivacurium

Rocuronium

Succinylcholine

it is metabolized by plasma cholinesterase - causes short durationo of action.

Explanation

it is metabolized by plasma cholinesterase - causes short durationo of action.

22. This NMJ blocker has an INTERMEDIATE duration of action (30-60 minutes). Used to rapidly relax (1-2 min) laryngeal and jaw muscles for tracheal intubation.

Dantrolene

Mivacurium

Rocuronium

Succinylcholine

It is a steroidal compound with little or no associated tachycardia or histamine release.

Explanation

It is a steroidal compound with little or no associated tachycardia or histamine release.

23. This type of anesthesia occurs in the cerebral spinal fluid in subarachnoid space (intrathecal space)

Surface Anesthesia

Field Block Anesthesia

Nerve block anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia

Epidural block

Spinal Block

LA is limited to injection site: below the termination of the spinal cord (2nd lumbar vertebra)

Explanation

LA is limited to injection site: below the termination of the spinal cord (2nd lumbar vertebra)

24. Which progestin has both progestin activity and aldosterone antagonist activity?

Levonogrestrel

Drospirenone

Norgestrel

Spironolactone

Medroxyprogesterone

Drospirenone is a spironolactone derivative.

Explanation

Drospirenone is a spironolactone derivative.

25. How soon after intercourse must the first dose of Emergency contraceptives be taken? (Plan B Kit and Preven)

Within 72 hours

Within 1 hour

Within 36 hours

Within 12 hours

The second dose is taken 12 hours after the first.

Explanation

The second dose is taken 12 hours after the first.

26. Which of the following replacements therapies should be given to a woman with an INTACT UTERUS?

Premarin

Prempro

Raloxifene Hydrochloride

Clomiphene

Leuprolide Acetate

This prevents estrogen-induces endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer.

Explanation

This prevents estrogen-induces endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer.

27. Which of the following are used to INDUCE anesthesia? (as opposed to maintain it)

Inhaled GAs

IV GAs

Neuromuscular Junction blockers

Fentanyl

Succinylcholine

They are faster acting than inhaled.

Explanation

They are faster acting than inhaled.

28. Which of the following are used to MAINTAIN anesthesia? (as opposed to induce it)

Inhaled GAs

IV GAs

Neuromuscular Junction blockers

Fentanyl

Succinylcholine

29. These two drugs are taken up by fat, brain, kidney, liver then muscle and gut

Lidocaine

Articaine

Benzocaine

Epinephrine

These drugs are amides (benzocaine is an ester: metabolized in plasma too fast to be redistributed at low doses)

Explanation

These drugs are amides (benzocaine is an ester: metabolized in plasma too fast to be redistributed at low doses)

Submit

30. Which of the following is used to induce ovulation in anovulatory women who want to become pregnant?

Premarin

Prempro

Raloxifene Hydrochloride

Clomiphene

Leuprolide Acetate

It has potent anti-estrogenic activity. It inhibits the negative feedback effects of estrogen at the hypothalamic and pituitary levels.

Explanation

It has potent anti-estrogenic activity. It inhibits the negative feedback effects of estrogen at the hypothalamic and pituitary levels.

31. Which of the following may be given to reduce does of GAs and specifically to block the noxious stimullus reflex in the autonomic nervous sytem?

Inhaled GAs

IV GAs

Neuromuscular Junction blockers

Fentanyl

Succinylcholine

opioid analgesic

Explanation

opioid analgesic

32. These drugs are used in conjunction with others to decrease the dose of GA needed to reach the desired depth of anesthesia.

Propofol

Ketamine

Midazolam

Fentanyl

Balanced Anesthesia: use of multiple classes of drugs to achieve the desired depth of anesthesia.

Explanation

Balanced Anesthesia: use of multiple classes of drugs to achieve the desired depth of anesthesia.

Submit

33. What the beneficial effects of combined oral contraceptives?

Decreased incidence of endometrial cancer

Decreased incidence of ovarian cancer

Decreased incidence of acen vulgaris

Decreased incidence of cervical cancer

Decreased incidence of thromboembolic disorders

COCs increase the incidence of cervical cancer and thromboembolic disorders.

Explanation

COCs increase the incidence of cervical cancer and thromboembolic disorders.

Submit

34. Which of the following (select multiple) describe a EPIDURAL block?

Less time

Less discomfort

MORE INTENSE sensory and motor block

LA is limited to injection site below termination of spinal cord (2nd lumbar vertebra)

Less risk for post-dural puncture HA

Placement of catheter for long-term pain reduction

NOT limited to injection sites below 2nd lumbar vertebra

Submit

35. Which of the following (select multiple) describe a SPINAL block?

Less time

Less discomfort

MORE INTENSE sensory and motor block

LA is limited to injection site below termination of spinal cord (2nd lumbar vertebra)

Less risk for post-dural puncture HA

Placement of catheter for long-term pain reduction

NOT limited to injection sites below 2nd lumbar vertebra

Submit

36. These FSH preps are administered subcutaneously (as opposed to IM).

Menotropins

Follitropin alpha/beta

Chorionic Gonadotropin

Choriogonadotropin alpha

Finasteride

Dutasteride

Menotropins are administerd IM.

Explanation

Menotropins are administerd IM.

37. Which two drugs (when used together) can induce OVULATION in infertile women or stimulate SPERMATOGENESIS in males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism?

Menotropins

Follitropin alpha/beta

Chorionic Gonadotropin

Choriogonadotropin alpha

Finasteride

Dutasteride

Chorionic Gonadotropin can also be used for prepubertal cryptorchidism in males 4-9 yrs old to promote testicular descent.

Explanation

Chorionic Gonadotropin can also be used for prepubertal cryptorchidism in males 4-9 yrs old to promote testicular descent.

Submit

38. Select of the following which are RELATIVE CONTRAINDICATIONS to combined oral contraceptives:

Thromboembolic disease

Cerebrovascular disease

MI, CAD

Congenital hyperlipidemia

Breast cancer

Decreased liver function

Liver tumor

Woman over 35 who smokes heavily

Migraines

Hypertension

Diabetes mellitus

Gallbladder disease

Male gender

Submit

39. Which of the following oral contraceptives are progestin-only preparations?

Micronor

Orvette

Depo-Provera

Ortho Evra

NuvaRing

Mirena

Oral progestin only preps (micronor and orvette) are used in women who have contraindications for the use of estrogen-containing contraceptives. Depo-Provera is IM injectable.

Explanation

Oral progestin only preps (micronor and orvette) are used in women who have contraindications for the use of estrogen-containing contraceptives. Depo-Provera is IM injectable.

Submit

40. Which of the following are adverse side effects to combined oral contraceptives?

Nausea

Choamsa (brownish pigmentation-induced skin discoloration on face)

Acne

Hirsutism

Thromboembolic disease

Hypertension

Cholelithiasis

Increase in TRIG and LDL

Breakthrough bleeding

Cervical cancer

Nausea is the most frequents adverse effect. can be minimized by taking them with or after dinner, or at bedtime.

Explanation

Nausea is the most frequents adverse effect. can be minimized by taking them with or after dinner, or at bedtime.

Submit

41. The following H1 Antagonist can be used as anit-emitics:

Doxyalmine

Hydroxysine

Diphenhydramine

Promethazine

Dimenhydrinate

Meclizine

Submit

42. Which of the following are side effects of local anesthetics at (lidocaine, articaine, and benzocaine)?

Conversion of hemoglobin to methemoglobin

Crosses placental barrier

Vasodilation

Nystagmus

Nausea and vomiting

Torsades

Malignant Hyperthermia

Submit

43. The following drugs are used as over the counter sleep aids:

Doxyalmine

Hydroxysine

Diphenhydramine

Promethazine

Dimenhydrinate

Meclizine

Submit

44. Select of the following which are ABSOLUTE CONTRAINDICATIONS to combined oral contraceptives:

Thromboembolic disease

Cerebrovascular disease

MI, CAD

Congenital hyperlipidemia

Breast cancer

Decreased liver function

Liver tumor

Woman over 35 who smokes heavily

Migraines

Hypertension

Diabetes mellitus

Gallbladder disease

Male gender

Relative contraindications for COCs: migraines, hypertension, DM, gallbladder disease. Male gender is not an explicit contraindication....although I would say otherwise.

Explanation

Relative contraindications for COCs: migraines, hypertension, DM, gallbladder disease. Male gender is not an explicit contraindication....although I would say otherwise.

Submit

45. Match the following GAs to their side effects:

Air pockets in middle ear may expand

Irritating gas: coughing and respiratory secretions

Produces CO when react with dried out soda lime

Decrease in ventilation rate

Submit