Pharm - Anti INFLammatory Drugs

COX 1 enzymes are responsible for protecting the stomach lining by producing prostaglandins that help maintain the stomach's mucus lining. They also regulate platelet function, which is important for blood clotting. This function helps prevent excessive bleeding and promotes normal blood clotting when necessary.

All of the given options are important in the administration of tetracyclines. Tetracyclines should not be taken with food, iron, or antacids as these can decrease the absorption of the medication. They should also not be given to pregnant females or children under 8 years of age as it can cause harm to their developing bones and teeth. Additionally, tetracyclines should be discarded upon expiration date to ensure their effectiveness and safety.

Cyclooxygenase is not a chemical mediator because it is an enzyme involved in the production of prostaglandins, which are lipid mediators. Chemical mediators are substances released by cells in response to injury or inflammation that mediate various physiological responses, such as histamine and kinins. Cyclooxygenase itself is not released or involved in mediating these responses, but rather plays a role in the synthesis of other mediators.

Soreness is not considered a cardinal sign of inflammation. The cardinal signs of inflammation are heat, redness, swelling, and pain. While soreness may be associated with inflammation, it is not considered one of the primary signs.

Uric acid inhibitors are the preferred choice for patients with renal impairment because they help to lower the production of uric acid in the body, reducing the risk of gout attacks. In patients with renal impairment, the kidneys may not be able to effectively eliminate uric acid from the body, leading to higher levels of uric acid and an increased risk of gout. Uric acid inhibitors, such as allopurinol or febuxostat, work by inhibiting the enzyme responsible for producing uric acid, helping to lower its levels in the body and prevent gout attacks.

Antimuscarinics should not be given to a patient with glaucoma because these drugs work by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that regulates the pupil size. Glaucoma is a condition characterized by increased pressure in the eye, and antimuscarinics can further increase intraocular pressure, worsening the symptoms of glaucoma. Therefore, it is important to avoid giving antimuscarinics to patients with glaucoma to prevent complications and worsening of the condition.

Kinins are a group of proteins that are involved in the inflammatory response. They are released during tissue injury or inflammation and are responsible for causing pain. When kinins are released, they stimulate pain receptors in the affected area, leading to the sensation of pain. Therefore, the action of kinins is to cause pain.

Gravy contains purine. Purine is a compound found in certain foods that can be broken down into uric acid in the body. Foods high in purine can increase uric acid levels, which can lead to conditions like gout. Gravy, especially meat-based gravies, often contain high levels of purine due to the meat or meat products used in its preparation.

Macrolides are the preferred choice for patients with penicillin allergies because they have a different chemical structure and are less likely to cause an allergic reaction in individuals who are allergic to penicillin. Macrolides are a group of antibiotics that include drugs like erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin. They are effective against a wide range of bacterial infections and are commonly used as an alternative for patients with penicillin allergies.