Respiratory Medications Trivia Quiz Questions!

Pulmonary function tests measure both lung volumes and lung capacities. Lung volumes refer to the different amounts of air in the lungs at different stages of breathing, such as tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume. Lung capacities, on the other hand, are combinations of these volumes and represent the maximum amount of air the lungs can hold, such as vital capacity and total lung capacity. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above" as pulmonary function tests assess both lung volumes and lung capacities.

The most likely diagnosis in this case is Allergic Rhinitis. This is because the patient presents with symptoms such as increased histamine and heparin circulation, which are commonly associated with allergic reactions. Asthma, pneumoconiosis, and urticaria are not typically associated with increased histamine and heparin circulation.

it is inhaled, metabolized in the livers, a short acting beta 2 agonist and over use leads to loss of specific beta 2 selectivity

only the long-acting beta-2 formulation can prevent bronchial asthma

Expectorants are substances that help to loosen and expel mucus from the respiratory tract. They work by increasing the production of respiratory tract fluid, which helps to thin and loosen mucus. This can be achieved through direct stimulation of the secretory glands in the respiratory tract or through reflex stimulation of the cough center in the brain. Therefore, the statement that expectorants have direct and reflex stimulation is true.

Epinephrine should be used with precaution when experiencing heart disease, angle closure glaucoma, diabetes, and hypertension. This is because epinephrine can have various effects on the body, including increasing heart rate and blood pressure. In individuals with heart disease, this can worsen their condition. Similarly, in angle closure glaucoma, epinephrine can cause an increase in eye pressure. In diabetes, epinephrine can affect blood sugar levels. Lastly, in individuals with hypertension, epinephrine can further elevate blood pressure. Therefore, it is important to exercise caution when using epinephrine in these conditions.

more effective at preventing that reversing

Corticosteroids have multiple inflammatory indications. They are commonly used to reduce inflammation in conditions such as asthma, allergic reactions, and autoimmune diseases. Corticosteroids work by suppressing the immune system and reducing the production of inflammatory chemicals in the body. This makes them effective in managing inflammation in various parts of the body, including the airways in the case of bronchial inflammation. Therefore, corticosteroids are a valid answer for the question.

these are anticholinergic inhalers which are not indicated for acute asthma attacks

The given correct answer states that Benedryll is a nonselective central H1 receptor blocker. This means that Benedryll works by blocking the H1 receptors in the central nervous system, which helps to reduce symptoms such as itching, sneezing, and runny nose. Being nonselective means that it blocks both H1 receptors in the central nervous system and peripherally acting H1 receptors, providing a more comprehensive effect. This suggests that Benedryll is an effective medication for treating allergies and related symptoms.

bronchodilators facilitate respiration by dilating the airways

Rhinitis medicamentosa is a condition characterized by rebound congestion that occurs as a result of using nasal sprays for an extended period of time. This rebound congestion is caused by the overuse or misuse of nasal sprays, particularly those containing decongestants. The prolonged use of these sprays can lead to a dependency on them, causing the nasal passages to become congested when the spray is not used. This condition is not caused by a viral infection or inhaled beta 2 agonist, making the correct answer "rebound congestion from nasal spray."

Oral decongestants have systemic effects because they stimulate the adrenergic receptors in various parts of the body. This stimulation can lead to increased heart rate and blood pressure, as well as activation of the central nervous system. Therefore, all of the options listed (heart, blood vessels, CNS) can be affected by oral decongestants.

Medrol Dose pack is an example of a systemic corticosteroid. Systemic corticosteroids are medications that are taken orally or injected and are used to reduce inflammation in the body. They work by suppressing the immune system and reducing the production of chemicals that cause inflammation. Medrol Dose pack contains the medication methylprednisolone, which is a corticosteroid that is commonly used to treat a variety of conditions such as allergies, asthma, arthritis, and skin disorders. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and duration of treatment when taking systemic corticosteroids, as they can have potential side effects.

bronchiectasis is a permanent condition

Beclomethasone (Qvar) can cause side effects such as a bad taste in the mouth and oral thrush. Triamcinolone and Montelukast do not have these specific side effects mentioned. Therefore, the correct answer is Beclomethasone (Qvar).

Anticholinergic inhalers such as Ipatropium (Atrovent) are known to prevent bronchoconstriction. These inhalers work by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that causes the muscles in the airways to tighten. By preventing bronchoconstriction, these inhalers help to relax and open up the airways, making it easier for the individual to breathe. This is an effective treatment for conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Epinephrine is a medication that can cause tremor as a side effect. Tremor refers to involuntary shaking or trembling of the body, often affecting the hands. Epinephrine is a hormone that stimulates the body's "fight or flight" response and is commonly used to treat severe allergic reactions or cardiac arrest. While it is an effective medication, it can cause certain side effects, including tremor, due to its stimulatory effects on the nervous system. Therefore, among the given options, epinephrine is the most likely drug to cause tremor as a side effect.

Epinephrine is a hormone and medication that primarily acts as a bronchodilator, stimulating the relaxation of the smooth muscles in the airways, leading to increased airflow and improved breathing. It also stimulates alpha and beta receptors, causing vasoconstriction, which narrows blood vessels and increases blood pressure. However, it does not decrease respiratory rate. In fact, it typically increases respiratory rate due to its bronchodilator effects. Therefore, decreased respiratory rate is not a drug action of Epinephrine.

All of the above options, fluticasone/salmeterol (Advair) and budesonide/formoterol (Symbicort), are examples of long-acting inhaled beta 2 agonists. These medications are commonly used in the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They work by relaxing the muscles in the airways, allowing for easier breathing. The combination of a long-acting beta 2 agonist with an inhaled corticosteroid, such as fluticasone or budesonide, helps to control symptoms and reduce inflammation in the airways. Therefore, all of the options listed are correct.

Salmeterol (Serevent) is the correct answer because it is a long-acting beta-agonist bronchodilator that is typically prescribed for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The usual dosage for Salmeterol is 1 puff twice a day (BID), which helps to relax the muscles in the airways and improve breathing. Prednisone is a corticosteroid, Tiotropium is a long-acting anticholinergic, and Emedastine is an antihistamine, none of which are typically dosed in puffs BID.

Epinephrine is commonly administered through an injection in the chest during emergency situations like cardiac arrest or severe allergic reactions. The chest area provides easy access to the heart and major blood vessels, allowing for the rapid absorption and distribution of the medication throughout the body. Administering epinephrine in the chest can help to quickly restore blood flow and increase heart rate, potentially saving a person's life. Therefore, the chest is a suitable site for epinephrine administration.

Topical Nasal Steroids are used for nasal polyp prophylaxis and rhinitis, both drugs are topical nasal steroids

Mast cell stabilizers are used for the prophylaxis of bronchospasm. These medications work by preventing the release of inflammatory substances, such as histamine, from mast cells. By doing so, they help to reduce the bronchial hyperresponsiveness and inflammation that can lead to bronchospasm. This makes mast cell stabilizers an effective treatment option for individuals with asthma, as they can help to prevent the occurrence of bronchospasm and reduce the frequency and severity of asthma attacks.

Beta-agonist inhalers, such as albuterol, work quickly to relax the muscles in the airways, making it easier to breathe. Steroid inhalers, such as fluticasone, reduce inflammation in the airways but take longer to work. Therefore, it is recommended to use the beta-agonist inhaler first to open up the airways, followed by the steroid inhaler to reduce inflammation.  

The correct answer is "A & C" because alpha adrenergic decongestants can be administered orally and topically. Oral administration involves taking the medication by mouth, while topical administration involves applying the medication directly to the affected area. Subcutaneous (sub q) administration, on the other hand, refers to injecting the medication under the skin, which is not applicable to alpha adrenergic decongestants. Therefore, options B and D are incorrect.

 Albuterol is a bronchodilator that relaxes the muscles in the airways, making it easier to breathe. It is commonly used to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions 1 like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Cromolyn (Intal) is the only drug that does this

Omalizumab (Xolair) works by inhibiting IgE binding to mast cells and basophils. This means that it prevents the activation of these cells by IgE antibodies, which are involved in allergic reactions. By inhibiting this binding, omalizumab helps to reduce the symptoms of allergic conditions such as asthma and chronic urticaria. It does not involve burst and taper or compete with histamine for specific receptor sites.

The side effects listed, including acne exacerbation, labile emotions, and weight gain, are commonly associated with the use of Medrol Dose Pack. Medrol is a corticosteroid medication that can cause skin problems such as acne, mood swings, and changes in weight. Therefore, the correct answer is Medrol Dose Pack.

The correct answer is "PO" which stands for "per os" or "by mouth". This means that the currently available Antileukotrienes can be taken orally in the form of tablets or capsules.

It belongs to the Xanthine class of bronchodilators

Burst & Taper refers to a dosage regimen for systemic corticosteroids where the medication is initially given at a high dose for a short period of time (burst), followed by a gradual decrease in dosage over a longer period of time (taper). This approach is commonly used to quickly manage acute symptoms or flare-ups of certain conditions, such as asthma or autoimmune diseases, while minimizing the risk of side effects associated with long-term corticosteroid use.

Acute exacerbations of asthma are typically treated with rescue medications. These medications are designed to provide immediate relief by quickly opening up the airways and reducing inflammation. They are often inhaled and include bronchodilators such as short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs) like albuterol. These medications work by relaxing the muscles around the airways, allowing them to open up and improve breathing. Using rescue medications as a first line of therapy is a common approach in managing acute asthma exacerbations. Therefore, the correct answer is "rescue medications."

Xanthines' effects include CNS stimulation

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Oral decongestants are less potent than topicals because when taken orally, the decongestant has to go through the digestive system before entering the bloodstream. This process can cause the medication to be metabolized and diluted, resulting in a lower concentration of the active ingredient reaching the nasal passages. On the other hand, topicals are applied directly to the nasal passages, allowing for a higher concentration of the decongestant to be delivered to the targeted area. Therefore, oral decongestants are generally considered to be less potent compared to topicals.

Anticholinergics decrease respiratory secretions and prevent brochoconstriction

Emphysema- late cyanosis and pink puffers

Corticosteroid eye drops should be used with caution because they can have potential side effects. Corticosteroids are powerful anti-inflammatory medications that can help reduce symptoms such as itching and redness in the eyes. However, prolonged use or overuse of corticosteroid eye drops can lead to increased eye pressure, cataract formation, and increased risk of eye infections. Therefore, it is important to use them as directed by a healthcare professional and to follow up regularly to monitor for any potential complications.

other answers are non sedating oral antihistamines

affects older persons on older drugs

This is an IgE mediated inflammatory response - Urticaria

Acute bronchitis is not a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is a long-term, progressive lung disease characterized by airflow limitation. Asthma, emphysema, and bronchiectasis are all considered COPD because they involve chronic inflammation and damage to the airways, leading to breathing difficulties. However, acute bronchitis is a temporary condition caused by a viral or bacterial infection that causes inflammation of the bronchial tubes. While it can cause similar symptoms to COPD, it is not a chronic condition and typically resolves within a few weeks.

Dornase alfa (Pulmozyme) is a mucolytic. It is an enzyme that breaks down the DNA present in the mucus, making it less thick and sticky. This helps in clearing the airways and improving breathing in patients with cystic fibrosis. Terpin hydrate, iodinated glycerol, and guaifenesin are not mucolytics, but rather expectorants or cough suppressants that work by different mechanisms to relieve symptoms of cough and congestion.

Daily inhaled steroids are considered the first line of therapy for asthma because they are effective in reducing airway inflammation and controlling symptoms. Inhaled steroids work by decreasing the production of inflammatory substances in the airways, thus reducing swelling and narrowing of the airways. They are recommended for daily use to maintain long-term control of asthma symptoms and to prevent exacerbations. This treatment approach has been shown to improve lung function, reduce the frequency and severity of asthma attacks, and improve overall quality of life for asthma patients.

by binding to antigens, IgE stimulates the release of basophils and mast cells which release histamine and heparin

An anticholinergic side effect refers to the adverse effects caused by medications or substances that block the action of acetylcholine in the body. Anticholinergic medications are commonly used as antiemetics to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting. Therefore, the correct answer in this case is "antiemetic" as it is a medication that can cause anticholinergic side effects.

The statement "none of the above" is the correct answer because all of the given statements about Beta-2 agonists are true. Long-acting formulas do help with the prevention of asthma exacerbation, they are used for the acute phase of asthmatic attacks, and they rapidly reduce airway constriction and restore normal airflow.

Epinephrine can be administered through various routes, including subcutaneous (Sub Q), intramuscular (IM), and endotracheal tube (ETT) routes. Therefore, none of the options provided (Sub Q, IM, ETT) are routes that are not used for the administration of epinephrine.