Pg Blazer - Online Test Series - Weekly Test 3

The classical CSF finding seen in Tuberculous meningitis is increased protein, decreased sugar, and increased lymphocytes. This is a characteristic pattern observed in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Tuberculous meningitis. The increased protein level is due to the inflammatory response caused by the infection, while the decreased sugar level is a result of the bacteria consuming the glucose in the CSF. The increased lymphocytes indicate an immune response to the infection.

Primary site of hematopoiesis in the fetus before midpregnancy is liver.

Among the options given, eisenmenger syndrome is associated with maximum maternal mortality in pregnancy.

There is decrease in peripheral vascular resistance during pregnancy.

The correct answer is MDT + steroid. Ulnar neuritis is a common complication in leprosy, especially in borderline tuberculoid leprosy. MDT (multi-drug therapy) is the standard treatment for leprosy, but in severe cases of ulnar neuritis, the addition of steroids is recommended. Steroids help reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms such as pain, numbness, and weakness. Therefore, combining MDT with steroids is the most appropriate treatment option for severe ulnar neuritis in borderline tuberculoid leprosy.

Enterotoxigenic E. coli is the most common cause of traveller's diarrhoea.

HRT (Hormone Replacement Therapy) is a treatment that involves taking hormones to replace the ones that the body no longer produces after menopause. It is useful in managing symptoms of menopause such as hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness. It is also effective in preventing osteoporosis by maintaining bone density. Additionally, HRT can alleviate symptoms of vaginal atrophy by restoring the thickness and elasticity of the vaginal tissues. However, HRT is not recommended for women with coronary heart disease, as it may increase the risk of cardiovascular events such as heart attacks or strokes. Therefore, HRT is useful in all except coronary heart disease.

Site of origin of common bone tumours:
Ewing’s sarcoma – diaphysis
Osteoclastoma (GCT) – epiphysis
Osteosarcoma – Metaphysis

Dinitrophenol uncouples oxidation and phosphorylation in the respiratory chain. The hydrogen ions re enter the mitochondrial matrix without ATP synthesis. The energy is released as heat.

The patient presented with history of pneumonia. Charcoal yeast medium is the special medium for legionella culture.

Diffuse axonal injuries are associated with unconsciousness and CT scan shows multiple petechial haemorrhages.

Nevirapine and Efavirenz are Non Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTI)

To determine the probability of SLE in this case, it is important to consider the prior probability of SLE, which is the likelihood of a patient having SLE before any test results are known. Additionally, the sensitivity and specificity of each test are crucial factors in determining the accuracy of the test results. Sensitivity refers to the ability of a test to correctly identify individuals with the condition, while specificity refers to the ability of a test to correctly identify individuals without the condition. These factors, along with the test results, help in calculating the probability of SLE in the patient.

Cranberry juice is known for its ability to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs). It contains compounds called proanthocyanidins, which help prevent bacteria from attaching to the urinary tract walls. This prevents the bacteria from causing an infection. Regular consumption of cranberry juice can help maintain a healthy urinary tract and reduce the risk of UTIs.

Supracondylar fracture goes for malunion, not non union!

Complications of supracondylar fracture of humerus
Injury to arteries and nerves
Volkmann’s ischemia
Myositis ossificans
Malunion (results in gun stock deformity)
Volkmann’s ischemic contracture

Cystine stone is resistant to lithotripsy.

Sampling is cluster sampling is different from that in simple random sampling.

The history is suggestive of otosclerosis. Hence the audiometry graph will be of As type.

Immunoglobulins are synthesized by B lymphocytes.

The given data is arranged in a specific order, indicating a hierarchy or ranking of satisfaction levels. This suggests that the data is ordinal, as it represents a qualitative variable with distinct categories that can be ranked or ordered.

Lesions associated with recurrent dislocation of shoulder are :
Hill-Sach’s lesion
Bankart`s lesion
Erosion of anterior rim of glenoid cavity
Capsular laxity
Subcapsularis deficiency
Glenoid fossa deficiency

Normally ductus arteriosus closes soon after birth. Vasodilatory effect of prostaglandin is what maintains the patency of ductus arteriosus in intrauterine life. Hence in cases of delayed closure of ductus arteriosus, we can use prostaglandin inhibitors to induce its closure.

Cerezyme is used for treating Gaucher Disease with Enzyme Replacement Therapy. Cerezyme acts like naturally occurring glucocerebrosidases

Arsenic is used in the treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL). APL is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) characterized by the presence of a specific genetic mutation. Arsenic trioxide, a form of arsenic, has been found to be effective in inducing remission in patients with APL by promoting the degradation of the abnormal protein produced by the genetic mutation. This treatment has shown good results in clinical trials and is now considered a standard therapy for APL.

Lets analyse the question. There is fever, dysuria and gross hematuria – indicates urinary tract infection. But urinary tract infections are uncommon in boys unless there is some congenital anomaly of the urogenital tract. Physical examination shows a prominent suprapubic area which is dull on percussion – due to enlarged bladder – indicating obstruction below the level of bladder. Posterior urethral valve is the most common cause of obstructive uropathy in a male child.

Among the options given, only orbicularis oris is supplied by facial nerve.

Diastolic blood pressure is indicated by disappearance of Korotkoff sounds.

L asparginase causes hypercoagulability by decreasing synthesis of Factor S / Factor C / Antithrombin III

Female genital tract is seldom involved in leprosy. Ovary is the most common site of leprosy in the female genital tract.

In brown sequard syndrome ( hemisection of spinal cord ), there is ipsilateral posterior colum involvement.

Osteochondroma is usually painless. Sudden onset of pain in osteochondroma can be due to :
Malignant transformation
Bursitis
Fracture
Pressure or traction on neighbouring structures (nerve / tendon / muscle)

The test required is a non parametric test (to compare qualitative data). Chi square test a frequently used non parametric test.

Methotrexate is used in high doses (with leucovorin rescue) for treatment of osteosarcoma, hematological malignancies and brain tumours.

Couvade syndrome (sympathetic pregnancy / phantom pregnancy) is a condition in which a man experiences some of the same symptoms and behavior of an expectant mother.

Naltrexone is used to prevent relapse.

Post transplant lymphoma occurs due to the proliferation of B cells. After a transplant, the immune system is suppressed to prevent rejection of the transplanted organ. This suppression can lead to uncontrolled growth of B cells, resulting in post transplant lymphoma. B cells are responsible for producing antibodies and are an important part of the immune response. In the context of transplantation, the proliferation of B cells can lead to the development of lymphoma, a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system.

The ulnar nerve is commonly used for monitoring during anesthesia because it provides sensory and motor innervation to the hand and fingers. It is easily accessible and can be stimulated to assess the depth of anesthesia and monitor the patient's response. Additionally, monitoring the ulnar nerve can help detect any potential nerve damage or complications during surgery.

Drugs used in treatment of type II lepra reaction are :
NSAID’s
Thalidomide
Chloroquine
Clofazimine
Corticosteroids
Parenteral antimony

Although all hematopoietic cells contain acid phosphatase, maximum levels are seen in macrophages.

Sebaceous cell carcinoma is a neoplasm of the eyelid with high malignant potential. It arises from Sebaceous glands of caruncle, meibominan glands and the glands of Zeis.

Mycophenolate inhibit purine synthesis via IMP (Inosine monophosphate) dehydrogenase

Hypothyroidism in pregnancy is least likely to be associated with polyhydramnios. Polyhydramnios refers to an excessive accumulation of amniotic fluid in the womb, which can be caused by various factors including fetal abnormalities, maternal diabetes, and certain infections. However, hypothyroidism is not typically known to be a direct cause of polyhydramnios. Instead, it is more commonly associated with complications such as recurrent abortions, PIH (pregnancy-induced hypertension), and preterm labor.

A lymphocutaneous fistula is not a complication of surgery for thoracic outlet syndrome. A lymphocutaneous fistula is an abnormal connection between the lymphatic system and the skin, causing lymph to drain through the skin. Complications of surgery for thoracic outlet syndrome typically include pneumothorax (collapsed lung), brachial plexus injury (nerve damage in the shoulder and arm), and long thoracic nerve injury (nerve damage affecting the muscles that stabilize the shoulder blade).

Scalenus medius is located posterior to the subclavian artery. Hence there is no need to cut this to expose the subclavian artery.

Zinc poisoning is likely in this scenario because the symptoms described (rigors and chills) resemble those seen in malaria, and zinc toxicity can cause similar symptoms. Mercury poisoning can cause neurological symptoms, red phosphorous poisoning can cause respiratory symptoms, and arsenic poisoning can cause gastrointestinal symptoms. Therefore, zinc is the most likely poisoning based on the given clinical picture.

It can also be used for HUS, but is not as successful.

Common sites of ectopic pancreatic tissue - stomach, meckel's diverticulum.

Histology of solitary rectal ulcer syndrome shows relative absence of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria.

Glycerol kinase is not involved in the triglyceride synthesis in adipose tissue.

Decitabine acts by causing hypomethylation. It inhibits DNA methyl transferase.