Advance AP US History Practice Test -II

The Oregon Trail was the most important overland route for American migration to the far West because it provided a direct route from Missouri to the fertile lands of Oregon. It was used by thousands of pioneers in the mid-1800s to travel westward in search of new opportunities and a better life. The trail offered access to abundant natural resources, fertile farmland, and the promise of a fresh start in the West. It played a significant role in the westward expansion of the United States and the settlement of the Oregon Territory.

The term Reconstruction refers to the period immediately following the Civil War, during which the United States government attempted to rebuild and reunify the country. This period was marked by efforts to address the social, economic, and political issues that arose as a result of the war, including the treatment of African Americans after the Emancipation Proclamation and the attempt to change Confederate ideas about slavery. The Reconstruction era was a crucial time in American history as it laid the foundation for the civil rights movement and the eventual end of slavery.

Passive resistance refers to a nonviolent form of protest where slaves would express their discontent through noncompliance, subtle acts of defiance, or intentionally slowing down their work. This method allowed slaves to resist their oppressive conditions without openly rebelling or risking severe punishment. By subtly resisting and refusing to fully cooperate, slaves could assert their autonomy and challenge the system's power dynamics. This form of resistance was a common and practical way for slaves to express their discontent while minimizing the risks associated with more overt forms of protest.

The Oregon Trail was the most important overland route for American migration to the far West. It was a 2,000-mile long trail that stretched from Missouri to Oregon, allowing pioneers to travel across the Great Plains, through the Rocky Mountains, and into the fertile lands of Oregon. The trail was used by thousands of settlers in the mid-1800s seeking new opportunities and a better life in the West. It played a crucial role in the westward expansion of the United States and remains a significant part of American history.

The invention in the 1790s that permitted the great expansion of cotton cultivation was the cotton gin. The cotton gin, invented by Eli Whitney, revolutionized the cotton industry by automating the process of separating cotton fibers from the seeds. Before the cotton gin, this process was done manually and was very time-consuming. With the invention of the cotton gin, cotton production became faster and more efficient, leading to a significant increase in cotton cultivation and ultimately fueling the growth of the cotton industry.

The Oregon Trail was the most important overland route for American migration to the far West because it provided a direct route from Missouri to Oregon, allowing settlers to travel by wagon and bring their families and belongings with them. It was used by thousands of pioneers during the mid-19th century and played a crucial role in the westward expansion of the United States. The trail offered access to fertile land, opportunities for trade, and the promise of a better life in the Oregon Territory.

During the time of slavery in the United States, most African Americans were enslaved on plantations. Plantations were large agricultural estates where crops such as cotton, tobacco, and sugar were grown. They required a large labor force to work the fields and tend to the crops, and enslaved African Americans were forced to work long hours under harsh conditions. Plantations were primarily located in the southern states, where the climate and soil were suitable for agriculture. Therefore, it can be inferred that the majority of African Americans experienced slavery on plantations.

John Tyler initiated the politics of Manifest Destiny to build a base for his re-election in 1844. This means that Tyler wanted to promote the idea of expanding American territory and influence in order to gain support and secure his re-election in the upcoming presidential election. By aligning himself with the popular concept of Manifest Destiny, Tyler hoped to appeal to voters and strengthen his chances of winning another term in office.

In the South, social prestige and influence were determined by the ownership of slaves. Slavery was a central institution in the Southern economy and society, and owning slaves was seen as a sign of wealth and power. Slaves were used for labor on plantations and in households, and owning a large number of slaves meant having control over a significant workforce. This allowed slave owners to accumulate wealth and exert influence over their communities. As a result, owning slaves became a key factor in determining one's social standing and status in the South.

Good physical conditions for slaves were necessary to ensure that they could work hard and bear children. Slaves were considered valuable property, and their ability to work and reproduce was essential for the economic interests of slave owners. Providing adequate physical conditions such as sufficient food, shelter, and medical care would help maintain the slaves' physical health and ensure their productivity. Additionally, ensuring that slaves could bear children would contribute to the growth of the slave population, reducing the need for purchasing new slaves and increasing the owner's wealth.

Texas is the correct answer because it was an independent nation known as the Republic of Texas for ten years before it was admitted to the Union in 1845. During this time, Texas gained independence from Mexico in 1836 and functioned as a sovereign nation with its own government and economy. It was later annexed by the United States and became the 28th state.

During the era of slavery, most African Americans were enslaved on plantations. Plantations were large agricultural estates where crops such as cotton, tobacco, and sugar were grown. These plantations required a large labor force, and enslaved African Americans were forced to work long hours in harsh conditions. Plantations were primarily located in the southern states of the United States, where the climate and soil were suitable for large-scale agriculture. Therefore, it is accurate to say that most African Americans experienced slavery on plantations.

The correct answer is the God-ordained supremacy of whites. Slaveholders believed in the ideology of white supremacy and used religious teachings to justify and reinforce this belief. They indoctrinated their slaves with the notion that white people were superior to people of other races, and that this superiority was ordained by God. This ideology served to maintain the social hierarchy and control over the enslaved population, as well as to justify the institution of slavery itself.

Passive resistance was the most likely way for most slaves to express discontent because it allowed them to resist their enslavement without openly rebelling or engaging in armed conflict. This form of resistance involved acts such as slowing down work, feigning illness, breaking tools, or sabotaging crops. By engaging in passive resistance, slaves could subtly undermine the system of slavery and assert their agency while minimizing the risk of severe punishment or retaliation from their enslavers.

Good physical conditions for slaves were necessary to ensure that they could work hard and bear children. Slaves were considered valuable property, and their ability to work and reproduce was crucial for their owners' economic interests. By providing them with adequate living conditions, such as proper nutrition, shelter, and medical care, slave owners aimed to maximize their productivity and ensure a steady supply of future laborers. Additionally, healthy slaves were less likely to rebel or cause disruptions, making it easier for slave owners to maintain control and avoid the possibility of slave revolts.

Abolitionism successfully brought slavery to the forefront of the American consciousness because it raised awareness about the issue and sparked public debates and discussions. Through their efforts, abolitionists were able to mobilize public opinion against slavery, leading to a greater understanding of its moral and ethical implications. This increased awareness ultimately paved the way for the eventual end of slavery in the United States.

The Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842 settled a boundary dispute between the United States and Canada over Maine and New Brunswick.

During Reconstruction, Northerners who moved to the South were called carpetbaggers. This term was used to describe individuals who arrived in the South with their belongings packed in large bags made of carpet material. These individuals were often seen as opportunistic and were accused of taking advantage of the chaotic post-war situation in the South for personal gain. The term carpetbagger carried a negative connotation and was used to criticize these Northerners for their involvement in Southern politics and business.

During the era of slavery, most African Americans were enslaved on plantations. Plantations were large agricultural estates where crops such as cotton, tobacco, and sugar were grown. These plantations required a large labor force, and enslaved African Americans were forced to work long hours in harsh conditions. Plantations were primarily located in the southern states of the United States, where the climate and soil were suitable for cash crop cultivation. Therefore, it can be inferred that the majority of African Americans experienced slavery on plantations.

Good physical conditions for slaves were necessary to ensure that they could work hard and bear children. Slaves were considered valuable property, and their ability to work and reproduce was essential for the economic interests of their owners. Providing them with adequate physical conditions, such as sufficient food, shelter, and medical care, would help maintain their productivity and increase the chances of producing more slaves through childbirth. This answer aligns with the historical context of slavery, where the well-being of slaves was often prioritized based on their economic value and reproductive capacity.

Southern proslavery arguments did NOT include the belief that slavery was mandated by the United States Constitution. While many proslavery advocates used religious and moral justifications, such as the belief that slavery was sanctioned by the Bible and consistent with the humanitarian spirit, they did not rely on the Constitution to support their position. Instead, they often emphasized states' rights and the right to property as their main arguments for the continuation of slavery.

Passive resistance refers to a nonviolent form of protest or resistance where slaves would express their discontent through subtle acts of defiance, such as slowing down their work, feigning illness, or purposefully making mistakes. This form of resistance allowed slaves to subtly challenge their oppressors without risking severe punishment or endangering their lives. It was a common and effective way for slaves to resist their enslavement and assert their humanity and dignity.

Abolitionism successfully brought slavery to the forefront of the American consciousness because it raised public awareness about the moral and ethical issues surrounding slavery. Through their activism and advocacy, abolitionists were able to engage in public debates, publish influential literature, and organize events that exposed the inhumanity of slavery. Their efforts led to increased discussions and conversations about the institution of slavery, ultimately shaping public opinion and creating a national dialogue about its abolition.

Texas is the correct answer because it was an independent nation known as the Republic of Texas from 1836 to 1846 before it was admitted to the Union as the 28th state. During this time, Texas had its own government, constitution, and military. It gained independence from Mexico in 1836 after the Texas Revolution and remained independent until it joined the United States.

The correct answer is "the place it held in the southern economy." This is because slavery was deeply entrenched in the southern economy, particularly in industries such as agriculture, where slaves were used for labor-intensive tasks like cultivating crops. Slavery provided a cheap and abundant workforce that allowed plantation owners and other businesses to maximize their profits. The economic dependence on slavery contributed to its longevity and made it difficult for abolitionist movements to gain traction in the South.

During the 1830s and 1840s, the American population moved westward due to various reasons. They were motivated by the availability of fertile land, economic opportunities, religious freedom, and a sense of adventure. However, loyalty to Mexico and Great Britain was not a driving factor for the westward movement. The American population sought to expand their territories and establish their own independent nation, which conflicted with the interests of Mexico and Great Britain. Therefore, loyalty to these countries did not contribute to the westward migration.

The most plausible reason for the Texas Revolution was the unwillingness of Anglo-Americans to accept Mexican rule. This is supported by historical evidence which shows that many Anglo-Americans living in Texas at the time were unhappy with the Mexican government's policies and felt that their rights were being infringed upon. They desired greater autonomy and self-governance, which ultimately led to their revolt against Mexican rule and the establishment of an independent nation.

Texas is the correct answer because it was an independent nation for ten years before it was admitted to the Union. In 1836, Texas declared its independence from Mexico and remained an independent republic until it joined the United States in 1845. During this time, Texas had its own government, military, and constitution, establishing itself as a separate nation.

The correct answer is "settlers would determine whether a territory would have slavery." According to the principle of popular sovereignty, the decision on whether a territory would have slavery was left to the settlers themselves. This meant that the residents of the territory would vote and decide whether to allow or prohibit slavery within their borders. This principle was a key aspect of the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which aimed to address the issue of slavery in the territories.

Andrew Johnson became president of the United States after Lincoln's assassination. He served as Lincoln's vice president and assumed the presidency upon Lincoln's death in 1865. Johnson's presidency was marked by conflict and controversy, as he clashed with Congress over Reconstruction policies and faced impeachment proceedings. Despite these challenges, Johnson played a significant role in shaping the post-Civil War era and the nation's path towards reconciliation.

Religion is the correct answer because it played a crucial role in shaping the foundation of African American culture. During times of slavery and discrimination, religion provided a source of strength, hope, and community for African Americans. It served as a means of resistance and empowerment, allowing them to express their beliefs, values, and traditions. Religion also played a significant role in the development of African American music, art, and political movements, making it a central aspect of their culture.

Religion is the correct answer as it played a crucial role in shaping the foundation of the African American culture. During slavery and even after emancipation, African Americans found solace, strength, and community in their religious beliefs and practices. Religion provided them with a sense of identity, hope, and resistance against oppression. It also served as a platform for organizing social and political movements, such as the Civil Rights Movement. Moreover, African American religious traditions, such as gospel music and spirituals, have significantly influenced the development of American music and art.

In the large cities of the North, abolitionism was often violently opposed. This suggests that there were significant opposition and resistance towards the abolitionist movement in these urban areas. Despite the support it may have received from some individuals, the fact that it faced violent opposition indicates that there were powerful forces working against the abolitionist cause. This opposition could have been driven by various factors such as economic interests, racial prejudices, or fear of social and political change.

Abolitionism successfully brought slavery to the forefront of the American consciousness because it raised awareness about the moral and ethical issues surrounding slavery. Through their activism and advocacy, abolitionists were able to engage the public in debates and discussions about the institution of slavery, forcing Americans to confront the realities and injustices of the system. This increased awareness ultimately contributed to the growing opposition against slavery and set the stage for its eventual abolition.

The most plausible reason for the Texas Revolution was the unwillingness of Anglo-Americans to accept Mexican rule. This answer aligns with historical evidence and the context of the Texas Revolution. The Anglo-American settlers in Texas were unhappy with Mexican rule and felt that their rights and liberties were being infringed upon. They desired self-governance and independence, leading to their resistance and eventual revolt against Mexican authorities. This desire for autonomy and rejection of Mexican rule was a significant factor in the Texas Revolution.

The most plausible reason for the Texas Revolution was the unwillingness of Anglo-Americans to accept Mexican rule. This is supported by historical evidence that shows the Anglo-American settlers in Texas were unhappy with the Mexican government's policies and felt that their rights were being violated. They desired greater autonomy and self-governance, which ultimately led to their rebellion and the establishment of the independent Republic of Texas. The other options, such as the oppression of the Catholic Church or land disputes, may have played a role in the tensions between the settlers and the Mexican government, but they were not the primary reason for the revolution.

James Polk went to war with Mexico to force the cession of New Mexico and California. This means that Polk wanted to take control of these territories and incorporate them into the United States. This was part of Polk's expansionist agenda, known as Manifest Destiny, which aimed to extend American influence and territory across the continent. By going to war with Mexico, Polk hoped to achieve this goal and secure these valuable territories for the United States.

Uncle Tom's Cabin is the most important example of literary abolitionism in the 1850s because it played a significant role in raising awareness about the horrors of slavery and promoting the abolitionist cause. Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, the novel depicted the harsh realities of slavery and its impact on individuals and families. It became immensely popular and influential, reaching a wide audience and sparking discussions about the morality of slavery. Its impact was so profound that it is often credited with helping to fuel the abolitionist movement and contributing to the start of the American Civil War.

The given statement is incorrect because the instrument pictured below, which is the cotton gin, was not invented by a creative Louisiana plantation foreman. It was actually invented by Eli Whitney, an American inventor, in 1793. The cotton gin revolutionized the cotton industry by making it easier and faster to separate cotton seeds from the fibers, increasing productivity and profitability. This led to the expansion of cotton agriculture in the south and the growth of slavery as an economically viable institution.

The Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842 settled a boundary dispute between the United States and Canada over Maine and New Brunswick.

The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery in the United States. It was ratified in 1865, following the end of the Civil War. This amendment not only abolished slavery, but also prohibited involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. The Fourteenth Amendment, on the other hand, granted equal protection under the law to all citizens, including former slaves. The Fifteenth Amendment granted African American men the right to vote. The Sixteenth Amendment established the federal income tax, and the Seventeenth Amendment allowed for the direct election of senators.

The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery in the United States. It was ratified in 1865, following the Civil War, and it declared that "neither slavery nor involuntary servitude... shall exist within the United States." This amendment was a significant milestone in American history, as it ended the institution of slavery and granted freedom to millions of enslaved individuals. The Fourteenth Amendment, on the other hand, addressed citizenship rights and equal protection under the law, while the Fifteenth Amendment granted voting rights to African American men. The Sixteenth and Seventeenth Amendments dealt with income tax and the direct election of senators, respectively.

In the South, social prestige and influence were determined by the ownership of slaves. Slavery was a fundamental part of the Southern economy and society, and those who owned slaves were considered wealthy and powerful. Owning slaves not only provided economic benefits but also symbolized social status and dominance. Slaves were seen as property and the more slaves a person owned, the higher their social standing. Therefore, in the South, the ownership of slaves played a significant role in determining one's social prestige and influence.

During the time of slavery, slaveholders manipulated and brainwashed their slaves by instilling the belief in the God-ordained supremacy of whites. This ideology served to justify the enslavement of African Americans and maintain the social hierarchy. By convincing slaves that white people were inherently superior and chosen by God, slaveholders aimed to suppress any ideas of rebellion or resistance. This indoctrination was a powerful tool in perpetuating the institution of slavery and maintaining control over the enslaved population.

Religion is the correct answer because it played a crucial role in shaping the foundation of African American culture. During the era of slavery and segregation, African Americans found solace, hope, and a sense of community in their religious beliefs and practices. The Black church became a central institution, serving not only as a place of worship but also as a hub for social, political, and cultural activities. Religion provided a moral framework, preserved African traditions, and fostered resilience and resistance against oppression. It also influenced other aspects of African American culture, such as music, art, and language.

Southern proslavery arguments did not include the belief that slavery was mandated by the United States Constitution. While Southern proslavery arguments often relied on biblical justifications and the idea that slavery was the natural status for Blacks, they did not specifically argue that the Constitution mandated slavery. Instead, they argued that the Constitution protected their right to own slaves as property.

Manifest Destiny was a belief held by many Americans in the 19th century that it was their divine mission to expand and settle the entire continent of North America. This belief was rooted in the idea that God was on the side of American expansionism, and that it was their destiny to spread their culture, values, and institutions across the land. This belief was often used to justify the acquisition of new territories, such as the Louisiana Purchase and the annexation of Texas, as well as the displacement and mistreatment of Native American populations.

During Reconstruction, Northerners who moved to the South were referred to as "carpetbaggers." This term was used to describe individuals who were seen as opportunistic and seeking personal gain by taking advantage of the chaotic and unstable post-war situation in the South. These individuals often held positions of power and influence, which further fueled the resentment and animosity towards them from the local Southern population. The term "carpetbaggers" originated from the perception that these individuals carried their belongings in large bags made of carpet material, symbolizing their transient and outsider status.

The correct answer is the God-ordained supremacy of whites. Slaveholders believed in the concept of white supremacy and used religion to justify their actions. They indoctrinated their slaves with the idea that white people were superior to people of other races, and that this superiority was ordained by God. This belief was used to maintain control over the slaves and to justify the institution of slavery itself.

In the large cities of the North, abolitionism was often violently opposed. This suggests that there were significant opposition and resistance to the abolitionist movement in these urban areas. It implies that there were individuals or groups who strongly disagreed with the idea of ending slavery and were willing to use force or aggression to express their opposition. This opposition may have stemmed from various reasons, such as economic interests tied to slavery or deeply ingrained racist beliefs.