AP US History Sample Final Exam!

The French and Indian War was a pivotal point in America's relationship to Great Britain because it let Great Britain enact taxes to be paid by colonials. This war resulted in a massive debt for Great Britain, and they believed that the American colonists should help pay for it. As a result, they passed various acts, such as the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act, which imposed taxes on the colonists. This led to widespread protests and eventually played a significant role in sparking the American Revolution.

The correct answer, "protecting the accused from suspected abuses of judicial and police power," is supported by the mention of cases like Miranda v. Arizona and Gideon v. Wainwright, which both involved the rights of the accused. These cases demonstrated the Warren court's interest in ensuring that individuals accused of crimes were protected from potential abuses of power by the judicial system and law enforcement. This interpretation is further reinforced by the phrase "rights of the accused" and the mention of "suspected abuses of judicial and police power."

The correct answer is "any concentration of power was dangerous". This assumption suggests that people were wary of giving too much power to a central government because they believed that it could potentially lead to abuse and tyranny. They believed in a system of checks and balances, where power was dispersed among different branches or levels of government to prevent any one entity from becoming too powerful. This belief stemmed from their experience with the weaknesses of the Confederation government, which lacked a strong central authority and struggled to effectively govern the states.

The presidential scandal surrounding President Clinton showed that personal lives were now seen by the media as political stories. This is evident from the extensive media coverage and public scrutiny of President Clinton's extramarital affair with Monica Lewinsky. The scandal brought to light the changing dynamics of media coverage, where personal indiscretions of public figures were no longer considered purely private matters but had significant political implications. The scandal also highlighted the increasing influence of the media in shaping public opinion and the blurred lines between personal and political spheres.

The Democratic Republicans believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution in order to protect individual rights. They believed that the federal government should have limited powers and that the states should have more authority. By adhering strictly to the Constitution, they aimed to prevent the federal government from overstepping its boundaries and infringing upon the rights of individuals. This philosophy aligned with their overall goal of limited government intervention and protecting the rights and freedoms of individuals.

The correct answer is "covered up evidence of the crimes of others." This is supported by the evidence at the Watergate case, including testimony and the White House tapes, which revealed that Nixon was involved in a cover-up to conceal the crimes committed by others.

Jefferson believed that the economic well-being of the United States depended on focusing on agriculture productivity. He argued that agriculture was the foundation of the nation's economy and that it should be prioritized over other industries. Jefferson believed that a strong agricultural sector would not only provide for the nation's needs but also generate wealth and stability. He emphasized the importance of self-sufficiency and reducing reliance on international markets, as well as promoting the development of manufacturing industries to support and complement the agricultural sector.

The Supreme Court decision in the 1973 case Roe v. Wade ruled that all state laws prohibiting abortion during the "first trimester" of pregnancy were invalid based upon the idea that the Ninth Amendment protected a woman's right to privacy. This decision recognized that a woman's decision to have an abortion is a private matter that should be protected from government interference. By asserting a woman's right to privacy, the Court established a constitutional basis for reproductive rights.

The Founding Fathers believed that political parties are vehicles of ambition and selfish interest that threaten the existence of republican government. They were concerned that parties would prioritize their own interests over the well-being of the nation and could potentially lead to corruption and the erosion of democratic values. They believed that parties would create divisions and hinder effective governance, leading to a decline in the stability and integrity of the republic.

In the 1960s, most of the efforts to gain recognition for marginalized Americans, including the gay liberation movement, occurred. The Stonewall Riot in New York City, which took place in 1969, is considered a significant event that marked the beginning of the gay liberation movement. This movement aimed to fight for the rights and visibility of the LGBTQ+ community, advocating for equality and an end to discrimination. The 1960s saw a surge in civil rights activism and social movements, making it a pivotal decade for marginalized communities in the United States.

The large increase in the price of oil in the 1970s led to soaring inflation. This is because oil is a crucial input in many industries, and a spike in its price increases the cost of production. This increase in production costs is often passed on to consumers in the form of higher prices for goods and services, resulting in inflation. Therefore, the correct answer is soaring inflation.

The Alien and Sedition Acts were a series of laws passed in the late 18th century by the Federalist Party in the United States. These acts were designed to harass and suppress Republican spokesmen, who were political opponents of the Federalists. The Sedition Act, in particular, made it a crime to criticize the government, which was seen as a direct attack on Republicans and their ability to speak out against Federalist policies. These acts were highly controversial and were seen as a violation of freedom of speech and of the press.

Reaganomics, also known as supply-side economics, advocated for lowering taxes for the wealthy. This approach believed that by reducing tax rates for the wealthy, they would have more disposable income, which would incentivize them to invest, spend, and create jobs. The theory was that this would stimulate economic growth and benefit the entire economy.

The correct answer is "all of the above were changes." This is because all four options mentioned represent changes in the immigration patterns of the 1970s and 1980s. The increase in the numbers of Hispanic immigrants, the declining presence of white European immigrants, the increasing number of undocumented immigrants, and the rapid increase in the number of Asian immigrants all demonstrate shifts in the demographics and origins of immigrants during that time period.

In the 1970s, former members of the New Left who had previously been involved in various social and political movements shifted their focus towards environmental issues. These individuals, having already experienced activism and being familiar with the strategies and tactics used in social movements, brought their passion and energy to the environmental movement. Their involvement and dedication played a significant role in making the environmental movement a major force during that time.

President Carter's diplomatic efforts in relieving the tensions between Egypt and Israel resulted in a formal peace treaty between Egypt and Israel.

The philosophy of the counterculture is best expressed by the idea that adherence to non-conventional values is the road to personal fulfillment, life must be in tune with nature and dedicated to the free expression of the self, the first responsibility of the individual is to self, and peace and community are the only proper reactions to youth. All of these statements capture the sentiment of the counterculture movement, which emphasized individualism, freedom of expression, connection with nature, and a rejection of mainstream societal norms.

The correct answer is "used the money from the sale of arms to Iran to aid the contras in Nicaragua." This answer accurately describes the Iran-contra scandal, which involved the Reagan administration secretly selling arms to Iran and using the proceeds to fund the Contras, who were rebels fighting against the Sandinista government in Nicaragua. This scandal damaged the Reagan administration's reputation because it violated U.S. laws and policies, including the prohibition on selling arms to Iran and the prohibition on providing military assistance to the Contras.

In the presidential election of 2000, the vote count in Florida was ultimately decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in a very close decision. This means that the Supreme Court had the final say in determining the outcome of the election in Florida. The decision made by the Supreme Court had a significant impact on the overall result of the election.

The Articles government's greatest achievement was the legislation of a system for orderly settlement of the west. This accomplishment allowed for the organized expansion and development of the western territories, ensuring that land was distributed and settled in a fair and controlled manner. This legislation played a crucial role in the westward expansion of the United States and laid the foundation for the future growth and development of the country.

The "Christian right" of the late 1970s and early 1980s supported the teaching of alternatives to evolution, the prayer in public schools, the limitations on the right to abortion, and the expansion of the free enterprise system. However, they did not support the growth of feminism.

The correct answer is the Reagan Doctrine. The Reagan Doctrine was a foreign policy initiative implemented by President Ronald Reagan in the 1980s. It aimed to provide support to anti-communist movements and governments around the world, particularly in countries such as Grenada and Nicaragua. This policy reflected a more aggressive and interventionist approach towards combating communism, in contrast to the more defensive containment strategy of the Truman Doctrine. The Reagan Doctrine sought to actively confront and roll back communist influence, making it the best fit for the American policy towards Grenada and Nicaragua in the 1980s.

The Constitutional Convention of 1787 did not determine the provisions to be included in the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution after the Convention in 1791. The Convention focused on creating a government that would be satisfactory to both free and slave states, establishing a strong central government that would not threaten the sovereignty of the states, and creating a balance of power between the three branches of the national government. The Bill of Rights was later added to address concerns about individual liberties and to further protect the rights of citizens.

The conservative populists of the Southeast and Southwest that rose to prominence in the late 1970s and early 1980s opposed the commitment to the protection of minority rights. These populists were known for their conservative ideologies and resistance to government intervention. They believed in limited government power and were skeptical of policies that aimed to protect the rights of minority groups. Instead, they prioritized individual liberties and limited government interference in social and political matters.

During the 1970s and early 1980s, a new demographic profile of the American population emerged. This can be inferred from the given options, as the death rate increased, the amount of immigrants from central Europe reached an all-time high, the total population declined, and the population less than age 21 increased substantially. However, the only option that aligns with the notion of a new demographic profile is that the proportion of elderly citizens grew markedly. This suggests that there was a significant increase in the number of elderly individuals in the American population during this time period.

Alexander Hamilton's financial plan for the United States included the funding of the national debt. This means that Hamilton proposed a plan to pay off the debts accumulated by the United States during the Revolutionary War. He believed that by doing so, the government would gain credibility and establish a strong financial foundation for the country. This plan was aimed at strengthening the economy and ensuring the stability of the newly formed nation.

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was significant because it provided federal legislation designed to attack discrimination based on gender. This means that the Act aimed to address and combat unfair treatment or prejudice against individuals based on their gender. It prohibited employers from discriminating against employees or job applicants on the basis of their gender, ensuring equal opportunities and protections for both men and women in the workplace. This was a crucial step towards promoting gender equality and eliminating gender-based discrimination in various aspects of employment.

The correct answer is that the Port Huron Statement included all of the above concerns. The statement expressed concerns about U.S. society seeking material comfort over human progress, using nuclear power for destruction rather than human good, practicing racist policies, and lacking true participatory democracy.

The correct answer is "gave up use of the Mississippi for twenty-five years." This treaty with Spain was seen as a betrayal by Southern delegates because it restricted their access to the Mississippi River for a significant period of time. This was a major blow to the Southern states, as the Mississippi River was a crucial trade route for them. It limited their ability to transport goods and hindered their economic development.

The correct answer is that the economic prosperity of the 1990s generally benefited those with higher levels of education. This means that individuals who had higher education levels were more likely to experience economic success during this time period.

According to Charles Beard, the Constitution was written by an economic elite who would benefit from its ratification. The correct answer, non-democratic elements in the document, suggests that the Constitution was designed in a way that limited the influence of the general public and favored the economic interests of the elite. These non-democratic elements could include the indirect election of senators, the Electoral College system for electing the president, and the limited voting rights of certain groups. These elements would ensure that the economic elite maintained control and protected their property interests.