Advance AP US History Practice Test!

During the medieval period, Europe was predominantly united under the Roman Catholic religion. The Roman Catholic Church held significant power and influence over the people, and its teachings and practices were followed by the majority of Europeans. The church played a central role in shaping the religious, social, and political landscape of Europe during this time. However, it is important to note that there were also other religious groups present in Europe, such as the Greek Orthodox Church, but they did not have the same level of religious unity and influence as the Roman Catholic Church.

The correct answer is mestizos and Mulattoes. Mestizos refers to individuals with mixed Indian and white ancestry, while Mulattoes refers to individuals with mixed African and white ancestry. These terms were commonly used to describe the racial and ethnic backgrounds of colonists with mixed heritage during the colonial period.

Feudalism is a social and economic system characterized by a hierarchical structure where power and land ownership are concentrated in the hands of a few lords. Peasant workers are an integral part of feudalism as they work on the land owned by the lords in exchange for protection and a portion of the harvest. Feudalism is also characterized by the division of land into hundreds of small territories, each controlled by a lord. However, the idea of everyone getting equal shares is not a part of feudalism. In feudalism, wealth and power are concentrated in the hands of the lords, while peasants have limited rights and access to resources.

The Treaty of Tordesillas settled the argument in dividing territory between Portugal and Spain. This treaty was signed in 1494 and it aimed to divide the newly discovered lands outside of Europe between the two countries. The treaty established a line of demarcation that gave Portugal control over lands to the east of the line and Spain control over lands to the west of the line. This agreement helped to prevent conflicts between the two nations and provided a clear division of territories.

When the Vikings came to North America and when Columbus came, nothing changed because of a combination of factors. Money played a role as both groups lacked the necessary resources to establish permanent settlements. Government also played a role as there was no significant backing or support from their respective governments. Mindset refers to the different goals and intentions of the Vikings and Columbus, as they had different motivations for their voyages. Lastly, technology played a part as both groups had limited technological advancements that hindered their ability to effectively explore and colonize the land.

The Protestants were a group of individuals who wanted religious reform. They believed that the Catholic Church had become corrupt and sought to challenge its teachings and practices. They protested against the authority of the Pope and emphasized the importance of individual faith and direct relationship with God. The Protestant Reformation, led by figures such as Martin Luther and John Calvin, resulted in the establishment of various Protestant denominations and had a significant impact on the religious and political landscape of Europe.

Calvinists believed that a small number of people were predestined to go to heaven, while the majority would be condemned to eternal damnation. This belief is based on the theological concept of predestination, which holds that God has already determined the fate of every individual before they are born. This belief was a central tenet of Calvinism, a Protestant theological system developed by John Calvin in the 16th century.

The Roman Catholic religion teaches love of God and love of neighbors as fundamental principles. However, it does not explicitly require respect for others who do not follow Catholicism. While it is generally encouraged to respect others' beliefs, this specific aspect is not considered an essential part of the Roman Catholic faith.

Martin Luther led the Protestant Reformation, a religious revolt against the Roman Catholic Church. He was a German monk and theologian who challenged the practices and teachings of the Catholic Church in the 16th century. Luther's Ninety-Five Theses, which criticized the sale of indulgences, sparked widespread debate and led to the formation of Protestantism. His actions and writings had a significant impact on the religious, political, and cultural landscape of Europe, leading to the establishment of new Christian denominations and challenging the authority of the Catholic Church.

The problem with the Hugenots living in Fort Caroline was that they were enemies of Catholic Spain. This suggests that their presence in Fort Caroline was seen as a threat by Catholic Spain, which could have led to conflicts and hostilities between the two groups.

The significance of the Fur Trade to the Indians was that they got ripped off in terms of money, as they often received unfair prices for their furs. They also suffered from the spread of diseases brought by the Europeans, which had devastating effects on their population. Additionally, the Indians became dependent on European goods, which disrupted their traditional way of life and made them reliant on outside resources.

The correct answer is that the deal established for an encomienda was that Native Americans were compelled to work for the Spanish, and in exchange, the Spanish would protect them. This system was a form of labor exploitation where indigenous people were forced to work in mines, plantations, or other industries for the benefit of the Spanish colonizers. In return, the Spanish were supposed to provide protection and religious instruction to the Native Americans. However, in practice, the encomienda system often led to abuse, mistreatment, and the spread of diseases among the indigenous population.

The Spanish empire differed from the French and English empires in terms of their approach to building and expanding their empire. While the Spanish relied heavily on slave labor to establish and maintain their empire, the French and English focused more on commerce and trade rather than conquest. Additionally, the Spanish were more inclusive with the indigenous populations, while the other countries were more exclusive.

King Henry VIII supported Catholics and opposed Protestants until the Pope refused him permission to marry Catherine of Aragon. This event led Henry VIII to break away from the Catholic Church and establish the Church of England, with himself as the head. He dissolved monasteries, seized their wealth, and implemented religious reforms that favored Protestantism. This marked a significant turning point in English history and the beginning of the English Reformation.

In 1519, Hernan Cortez overthrew the Aztec civilization by exploiting their enemies. This event was significant for the Spanish because it marked the beginning of Spanish colonization in the Americas and the establishment of the Spanish Empire in Mexico. Cortez's conquest of the Aztec Empire led to the colonization and exploitation of the region by the Spanish, resulting in the acquisition of vast wealth and resources for Spain.

The correct answer is Reconquista. The term "Reconquista" refers to the centuries-long struggle between the Spanish Christians and the Muslim Moors for control over the Iberian Peninsula. It began in the 8th century when the Moors invaded and conquered most of the peninsula, and it ended in 1492 with the fall of Granada, the last Muslim stronghold. The Reconquista was a significant event in European history as it marked the completion of the Christian reconquest of Spain and the establishment of a united Christian kingdom.

Columbus' undertaking was known as the "Enterprise of the Indies" because he set out on a mission to find a new route to the Indies, which were known for their valuable spices and trade opportunities. Columbus believed that by sailing west, he could reach the Indies faster and establish trade routes. This endeavor was later referred to as the "Enterprise of the Indies" to signify Columbus' ambitious and groundbreaking expedition.

Queen Elizabeth I came to power and sought to end religious turmoil. As the daughter of King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, she became the Queen of England in 1558. Elizabeth I implemented a policy of religious tolerance and moderation, known as the Elizabethan Religious Settlement. This settlement aimed to bring stability to the religious conflicts that had plagued England during the reigns of her predecessors, including her sister Mary I, also known as Bloody Mary. Elizabeth's reign saw a period of relative religious peace and the establishment of the Church of England as the official state church.

Fransico Pizzaro conquered the Incas, an indigenous group in South America. Pizzaro led a small force of Spanish conquistadors and successfully defeated the Inca Empire in the early 16th century. The conquest of the Incas led to the establishment of Spanish colonial rule in the region and the exploitation of its resources.

Bartholome de las Casas is the correct answer because he was a Spanish Dominican friar who wrote "The Destruction of the Indies" in 1542. In this work, he criticized the Spanish for their cruel treatment and the resulting deaths of indigenous people in the Americas. Las Casas was a strong advocate for the rights of indigenous people and his writings played a significant role in shaping the early debates on colonization and the treatment of native populations.

During the Renaissance, Portugal was the first kingdom to explore distant lands with Prince Henry. Prince Henry, also known as Henry the Navigator, was a Portuguese prince who sponsored many voyages of exploration and discovery. These voyages played a significant role in expanding Portugal's influence and establishing trade routes to Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Portugal's exploration efforts during this time laid the foundation for the Age of Discovery and greatly contributed to the advancements in navigation, cartography, and maritime technology.

The Renaissance was a period of cultural and intellectual rebirth in Europe, characterized by a revival of interest in classical antiquity, a celebration of human potential and achievements, and a questioning of religious authority. However, it did not aim to re-establish the Roman Catholic Church's power, as it marked a shift away from the dominance of the Church and a questioning of its teachings and practices.

The goal of the Enterprise of the Indies was to settle/occupy lands that were not already under control. This means that the enterprise aimed to establish colonies and expand territorial control to new lands. The objective was not to find out if the earth was flat, kill Indians, or find new means of commerce, as these options do not align with the stated goal of settling and occupying new territories.

The correct answer is the crusades. The crusades were a series of military campaigns initiated by the Catholic church in the Middle Ages, with the goal of recovering Palestine from Muslim control. These campaigns led to increased contact and trade between the Western European powers, particularly Italy, and the Middle East. As a result, the spice and silk trades flourished, bringing wealth and new goods to Italy and helping to spark the Renaissance.

The alliance between commercial interests and monarchs prepared the way for overseas expansion. This means that the partnership between businesses and rulers laid the groundwork for exploring and colonizing new territories beyond their own borders. This alliance likely provided the necessary financial and political support for expeditions and trade ventures, leading to the expansion of empires and the establishment of colonies in distant lands.

Ponce de Leon was the governor of Puerto Rico and the first Spanish conquistador to attempt to extend the continent to North America.

The correct answer is "a group of native Caribbeans." The Tainos were indigenous people who inhabited the Caribbean islands before the arrival of Christopher Columbus. They were skilled farmers and had a complex social structure. They were known for their advanced agricultural practices, including cultivating crops such as maize, beans, and cassava. The Tainos also had a rich culture and created beautiful artwork and pottery. However, their population declined rapidly after the arrival of European colonizers due to diseases and forced labor.

The correct answer suggests that the symbolization of Roanoke, or "The Lost Colony", is the misuse of the Indian's welcome. This implies that the colonizers took advantage of the hospitality shown by the Native Americans, possibly leading to conflicts or negative consequences for both parties involved.

Inflation was not a benefit of the New World for the Old World. The exploration and colonization of the New World brought various benefits such as the discovery of new foods, population growth due to immigration, and rapid death due to the spread of diseases. However, inflation, which refers to a general increase in prices and decrease in the purchasing power of money, was not a direct benefit of the New World.

Fishing may have led to North America before Columbus because ancient civilizations relied on fishing as a source of food and resources. As populations grew, they may have needed to explore new areas to find more abundant fishing grounds. This could have led them to discover North America as they ventured further from their original territories in search of fish. Additionally, the need for safe havens during storms or conflicts could have also motivated ancient seafarers to explore new lands, including North America. Curiosity and exploration may have played a role as well, as humans have always had a natural inclination to explore and discover new places.

Fransico Vasquez de Coronado searched for Alvar Nunez Cabeza's Cibola.