A&p HESI Study Booklet

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A&p HESI Study Booklet - Quiz

Questions and Answers
  • 1. 

    Within liver cells, glycogen can be decomposed to yield glucose. For this process to occur, which substances must also be present?

    • A.

      Growth hormone and glucagon

    • B.

      Insulin and corticosteroids

    • C.

      Corticosteriods and epinephrine (adrenaline)

    • D.

      Glucagon and epinephrine (adrenaline)

    Correct Answer
    D. Glucagon and epinephrine (adrenaline)
    Explanation
    Glucagon and epinephrine (adrenaline) must be present for the decomposition of glycogen to glucose in liver cells. Glucagon stimulates the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, while epinephrine enhances this process by increasing the release of glucose from the liver. These hormones work together to regulate blood sugar levels during times of low blood glucose, such as fasting or exercise.

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  • 2. 

    At which phase of meiosis does corssing over occur?

    • A.

      Prophase I

    • B.

      Prophase II

    • C.

      Metaphase I

    • D.

      Metaphase II

    Correct Answer
    A. Prophase I
    Explanation
    Crossing over occurs during Prophase I of meiosis. This is the phase where homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called recombination. This exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids leads to genetic diversity among the resulting gametes. Prophase II, Metaphase I, and Metaphase II do not involve crossing over.

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  • 3. 

    The phalanx is a(n)...

    • A.

      Bone

    • B.

      Joint

    • C.

      Opening

    • D.

      Inflammation

    Correct Answer
    A. Bone
    Explanation
    The phalanx is a bone. Phalanx refers to the bones in the fingers and toes, specifically the long bones that make up the digits. These bones are responsible for providing structure and support to the fingers and toes, allowing for movement and dexterity.

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  • 4. 

    What is the name for the small, tail-like projection from the cellular membrane that is used for locomotion?

    • A.

      Protein

    • B.

      Basal body

    • C.

      Flagella

    • D.

      Actin

    Correct Answer
    C. Flagella
    Explanation
    Flagella are the small, tail-like projections from the cellular membrane that are used for locomotion. They are found in various types of cells, including bacteria and sperm cells. Flagella are composed of proteins and are responsible for the movement of the cell by propelling it through a whip-like motion. They are essential for the cell's ability to navigate its environment and are an important feature of many organisms.

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  • 5. 

    The dermis is classified as a(n)>

    • A.

      Cell

    • B.

      Tissue

    • C.

      Organ

    • D.

      System

    Correct Answer
    C. Organ
    Explanation
    The dermis is classified as an organ because it is a complex structure that is composed of different tissues working together to perform specific functions. The dermis contains blood vessels, nerves, sweat glands, hair follicles, and connective tissues, all of which work together to provide support, nourishment, and protection to the skin. This organization and coordination of different tissues make the dermis an organ.

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  • 6. 

    Which vessel transports blood from the lung to the heart?

    • A.

      Aorta

    • B.

      Pulmonary Artery

    • C.

      Pulmonary Vein

    • D.

      Vena Cava

    Correct Answer
    B. Pulmonary Artery
    Explanation
    The pulmonary artery is the correct answer because it is the vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart. It is responsible for transporting blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. Once the blood is oxygenated in the lungs, it returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins, not the pulmonary artery. The aorta carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body, while the vena cava transports deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart.

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  • 7. 

    What is the primary sympathetic neurohormone?

    • A.

      Acetylcholine

    • B.

      Epinephrine

    • C.

      Norepinephrine

    • D.

      Dopamine

    Correct Answer
    C. Norepinephrine
    Explanation
    Norepinephrine is the primary sympathetic neurohormone. It is released by the sympathetic nervous system during stress or danger, preparing the body for a fight-or-flight response. Norepinephrine increases heart rate, constricts blood vessels, and raises blood pressure, helping to mobilize the body's resources for immediate action. It also plays a role in regulating mood and attention.

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  • 8. 

    The function of the pulmonary veins is to carry..

    • A.

      Unoxygenated blood to the lungs

    • B.

      Oxygenated blood to the left atrium

    • C.

      Unoxygenated blood to the pulmonary artery

    • D.

      Oxygenated blood to the left ventricle

    Correct Answer
    B. Oxygenated blood to the left atrium
    Explanation
    The pulmonary veins are responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart. This oxygenated blood is then pumped into the left atrium of the heart, where it is further circulated to the rest of the body.

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  • 9. 

    What is the expected pH of the stomach?

    • A.

      4.00 to 4.90

    • B.

      3.00 to 3.90

    • C.

      2.00 to 2.90

    • D.

      .90 to 1.50

    Correct Answer
    D. .90 to 1.50
    Explanation
    The expected pH of the stomach is .90 to 1.50. This is because the stomach contains hydrochloric acid, which helps in the digestion of food. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 0 being the most acidic and 14 being the most alkaline. A pH of .90 to 1.50 indicates a highly acidic environment, which is necessary for the breakdown of proteins and activation of digestive enzymes in the stomach.

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  • 10. 

    What mineral is responsible for muscle contraction?

    • A.

      Chloride

    • B.

      Sodium

    • C.

      Calcium

    • D.

      Magnesium

    Correct Answer
    C. Calcium
    Explanation
    Calcium is responsible for muscle contraction because it plays a crucial role in the process. When a muscle receives a signal to contract, calcium ions are released from storage sites in the muscle cells. These calcium ions bind to proteins within the muscle fibers, causing them to slide past each other and generate force, resulting in muscle contraction. Without sufficient calcium, the muscle cannot contract properly. Therefore, calcium is essential for muscle contraction.

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  • 11. 

    Bile is secreted into which organ?

    • A.

      Small Intestine

    • B.

      Liver

    • C.

      Large Intestine

    • D.

      Stomach

    Correct Answer
    A. Small Intestine
    Explanation
    Bile is a digestive fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It is then released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats. The small intestine is the primary site for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and the presence of bile helps break down fats into smaller molecules that can be easily absorbed by the body. Therefore, the correct answer is Small Intestine.

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  • 12. 

    What does parathyroid hormone regulate?

    • A.

      Magnesium

    • B.

      Calcium

    • C.

      Calcitonin

    • D.

      Glucocorticoids

    Correct Answer
    B. Calcium
    Explanation
    Parathyroid hormone regulates the levels of calcium in the body. It acts to increase the levels of calcium in the blood by stimulating the release of calcium from bones, increasing the absorption of calcium from the intestines, and reducing the excretion of calcium by the kidneys. This hormone plays a crucial role in maintaining calcium homeostasis and is essential for various physiological processes such as bone formation, nerve function, and muscle contraction.

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  • 13. 

    What is the function of aldosterone?

    • A.

      Converts proinsulin to insulin

    • B.

      Conserves sodium in the body

    • C.

      Protects against stress

    • D.

      Affects heat production

    Correct Answer
    B. Conserves sodium in the body
    Explanation
    Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that plays a crucial role in regulating the body's electrolyte balance. Its main function is to conserve sodium in the body by increasing its reabsorption in the kidneys. This helps to maintain proper fluid balance and blood pressure. Therefore, the correct answer is that aldosterone conserves sodium in the body.

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  • 14. 

    Which nerve is respinsible for regulating the amount of light entering the eye?

    • A.

      Optic Nerve

    • B.

      Trochlear Nerve

    • C.

      Abducens

    • D.

      Oculomotor Nerve

    Correct Answer
    D. Oculomotor Nerve
    Explanation
    The oculomotor nerve is responsible for regulating the amount of light entering the eye. This nerve controls the constriction and dilation of the pupil, which in turn regulates the amount of light that enters the eye. When the oculomotor nerve is functioning properly, it allows the pupil to constrict in bright light and dilate in dim light, ensuring that the appropriate amount of light reaches the retina for optimal vision.

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  • 15. 

    What is the function of the baroreceptors?

    • A.

      Increase urine excretion

    • B.

      Increase rate of breathing

    • C.

      Decrease heart rate

    • D.

      Increase feelings of pain

    Correct Answer
    C. Decrease heart rate
    Explanation
    Baroreceptors are specialized sensory receptors located in the walls of blood vessels and the heart. They detect changes in blood pressure and send signals to the brain to regulate it. When blood pressure increases, baroreceptors signal the brain to decrease heart rate, leading to a decrease in blood pressure. Therefore, the function of baroreceptors is to decrease heart rate in response to high blood pressure.

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  • Current Version
  • Oct 09, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Jun 19, 2011
    Quiz Created by
    Ashmarie014

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