Organic Chemistry Conditions And Reagents

To produce ethanenitrile from bromoethane, KCN (potassium cyanide) is used as the reagent. KCN reacts with bromoethane through a substitution reaction, where the bromine atom is replaced by a cyano group (CN). This reaction is known as nucleophilic substitution, and KCN acts as a source of the nucleophile (CN-). The other reagents listed (air, NaOH, KBr, KOH) do not play a role in this specific reaction and are therefore not used for the production of ethanenitrile from bromoethane.

Ammonia (NH3) is used as the reagent in the production of Propylamine from Chloropropane. Ammonia acts as a nucleophile and reacts with Chloropropane through a nucleophilic substitution reaction, where the chlorine atom is replaced by an amino group (-NH2). This reaction is known as the Hofmann rearrangement. Ammonia is a common reagent in organic synthesis and is often used to introduce amino groups into organic compounds.

I2, or iodine, is the reagent used in the production of 3,3-DiIodopentane from pentene. Iodine reacts with the double bond in pentene to form the corresponding diiodoalkane.

Concentrated H2SO4 and heat can be used to make ethene from ethanol through a process called dehydration. In this process, the concentrated sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst and removes a water molecule from the ethanol molecule, resulting in the formation of ethene. The heat provides the necessary energy for the reaction to occur.

In the production of alcohol from an alkene, the conditions of 300°C and 60 atmospheres under steam are used. This high temperature and pressure help in the process of hydration, where water is added to the alkene to form an alcohol. The steam acts as a source of water, and the conditions of high temperature and pressure facilitate the reaction to occur at a faster rate. This process is commonly known as the steam hydration of alkenes.

If you got this question wrong your a idiot.

Concentrated sulphuric acid (cold) is the reagent and condition used in the production of ethyl hydrogensulphate from ethene. This reaction involves the addition of sulphuric acid to ethene, resulting in the formation of ethyl hydrogensulphate. The use of concentrated sulphuric acid ensures a high concentration of the acid, which promotes the reaction. The cold temperature helps to control the reaction rate and prevent unwanted side reactions.

The production of 3,3-DiIodopentane from pentene does not require any specific conditions such as boiling under reflux, high pressure, or distillation. Instead, it can be produced at room temperature, indicating that the reaction does not require any additional heat or pressure to proceed.

The correct answer is "Use potassium dichromate, Dilute H2SO4 then Heat and Distill." This method is commonly used to convert Propan-2-ol (an alcohol) into Propanone (a ketone). Potassium dichromate and dilute H2SO4 act as oxidizing agents, causing the alcohol to lose two hydrogen atoms and form a ketone. Heating and distilling the mixture helps in the separation and purification of the desired product.

The correct answer suggests using potassium dichromate and dilute H2SO4 to convert pentanal into pentanoic acid. Heating and refluxing the mixture allows for the reaction to occur, resulting in the formation of the desired product.

The correct answer is to use potassium dichromate, dilute H2SO4, then warm and distill. This is because the reaction requires an oxidizing agent like potassium dichromate to convert the alcohol (butan-1-ol) into the corresponding aldehyde (butanal). Dilute H2SO4 is used as a catalyst to speed up the reaction. Warm and distill is the appropriate method to separate the desired product from the reaction mixture.

The conditions in the production of butan-1-ol from 1-Chlorobutane require warming the reaction mixture under reflux. Refluxing involves heating the reaction mixture while continuously condensing and returning any volatile components that evaporate back into the reaction vessel. This allows for a more efficient and controlled reaction, ensuring that the reactants are heated and mixed thoroughly. Boiling alone may not be sufficient to achieve the desired conversion, and ice cold water from the Atlantic Ocean is irrelevant to the production process.

High pressure is used in the production of polyethene from ethene because it helps to increase the reaction rate and promote the formation of polymer chains. This is because high pressure forces the ethene molecules closer together, increasing the chances of successful collisions and polymerization reactions. Additionally, high pressure helps to maintain the stability of the reaction and prevent the formation of unwanted by-products. Therefore, high pressure is a crucial condition in the production of polyethene from ethene.

H3PO4, also known as phosphoric acid, is the catalyst used in the production of alcohol from an alkene. It acts as a proton donor, facilitating the addition of water to the alkene molecule, resulting in the formation of an alcohol. Phosphoric acid is commonly used in industrial processes for the production of various alcohols, such as ethanol.

KOH (Ethanolic) is the reagent used in the production of hex-2-ene from 3-Bromohexane. The reaction is an elimination reaction known as the E2 mechanism. In this reaction, the ethanolic KOH acts as a strong base and abstracts a proton from the beta carbon of 3-Bromohexane, creating a carbanion. The carbanion then eliminates a bromide ion, resulting in the formation of hex-2-ene. The ethanolic solvent helps to dissolve KOH and facilitate the reaction.

Heat is used in the production of Propylamine from Chloropropane because it is necessary to provide the energy required for the reaction to occur. Heating the mixture of Chloropropane allows for the breaking of the chemical bonds and the formation of Propylamine. This process is commonly used in organic chemistry reactions where heat is used as a catalyst to facilitate the conversion of one compound into another.

Boiling under reflux is the correct condition for the production of ethanenitrile from Bromoethane. Reflux involves heating a reaction mixture and continuously condensing the vapors that are formed back into the reaction flask. This allows for a more efficient reaction as any volatile components are not lost to evaporation. In the case of producing ethanenitrile from Bromoethane, boiling under reflux ensures that the reaction proceeds at a controlled temperature, allowing for the formation of the desired product.