Official NCCT Phlebotomy Certification Examination Review

Hematology is the study of blood, including its formation, functions, and diseases. It involves analyzing blood samples to diagnose various conditions such as anemia, leukemia, and clotting disorders. Hematology also encompasses the study of blood cells, their structure, and their interactions with other components of the blood. By studying blood, hematologists can gain valuable insights into a person's overall health and identify any abnormalities or diseases that may be present.

A sphygmomanometer is the correct instrument used to measure blood pressure. It consists of an inflatable cuff that is wrapped around the upper arm, a pressure gauge, and a stethoscope. The cuff is inflated to temporarily stop blood flow in the artery, and then slowly released while listening to the sounds of blood flow using the stethoscope. The pressure reading on the gauge when the first sound is heard is the systolic pressure, and when the sound disappears is the diastolic pressure. This instrument is commonly used in medical settings to monitor blood pressure and assess cardiovascular health.

The liver, stomach, mouth, and pancreas are all organs involved in the process of digestion. They work together to break down food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste. Therefore, these organs are part of the digestive system.

The heart, lymphatic organs, and blood vessels are all part of the cardiovascular system. This system is responsible for the circulation of blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to the cells and removing waste products. The cardiovascular system plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and overall bodily function.

Identifying the patient properly is the most important step to ensure accuracy in sample collection. This is because incorrect identification can lead to samples being mixed up or collected from the wrong patient, which can result in inaccurate test results and potentially harmful consequences for the patient. By verifying the patient's identity, healthcare professionals can ensure that the samples are correctly labeled and collected from the intended individual, reducing the risk of errors and improving the accuracy of the collected samples.

A centrifuge is a laboratory instrument that spins samples at high speeds to separate components based on their density. In a clinical laboratory setting, a centrifuge is used to separate liquid from cells in blood. By spinning the blood sample, the heavier red blood cells are forced to the bottom of the tube while the lighter plasma rises to the top. This separation allows for further analysis of the blood components and is crucial in diagnosing various medical conditions.

The oral glucose tolerance test is used for the detection of diabetes. This test helps determine how well the body processes glucose by measuring blood sugar levels before and after consuming a glucose-rich drink. It is commonly used to diagnose gestational diabetes in pregnant women and to assess insulin resistance in individuals at risk for developing type 2 diabetes. By measuring the body's response to glucose, healthcare professionals can identify impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes.

The trachea, nose, lungs, and pharynx are all part of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. The trachea carries air from the nose and mouth to the lungs, while the lungs are the main organs involved in the exchange of gases. The pharynx serves as a passage for air to enter the respiratory system. Therefore, the correct answer is respiratory.

The correct answer is Median Cubital. The median cubital vein is the most commonly used vein for venipuncture because it is large, easily accessible, and located near the surface of the skin. It is located in the middle of the forearm, between the cephalic and basilic veins. This vein is often chosen for blood draws and IV insertions because it is less likely to roll or move during the procedure, making it easier to insert the needle and reducing the risk of complications.

The bladder, urethra, kidneys, and ureters are all parts of the urinary system. This system is responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine, which is then excreted from the body. The urinary system plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's fluid balance and removing toxins. Therefore, the correct answer is urinary.

Capillaries have thin walls, forming microscopic pathways that connect arterioles with venules. This means that all of the given characteristics are true for capillaries. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body and their thin walls allow for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues. Their microscopic pathways provide an extensive network throughout the body, ensuring that every cell is supplied with oxygen and nutrients and that waste products can be removed efficiently. Connecting arterioles with venules, capillaries play a crucial role in the circulatory system.

When preparing a blood smear directly from a skin puncture, it is best to wipe away the first drop of blood. This is because the first drop of blood may contain tissue fluid or contaminants from the puncture site, which can interfere with the accuracy of the blood smear. By wiping away the first drop, the subsequent drops of blood collected will be purer and provide a more accurate representation of the patient's blood composition.

Capillary or skin puncture is the correct answer because lancets are small, sharp instruments that are specifically designed for collecting blood samples through capillary or skin puncture. They are used in situations where only a small amount of blood is needed, such as for glucose monitoring or when collecting blood from infants or small children. Venipuncture involves collecting blood from a vein, arterial puncture involves collecting blood from an artery, and venous accession devices are devices used to access veins for blood collection, but none of these options are related to the use of lancets.

Venules are the smallest veins in the human body. Veins are blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Venules are the smallest branches of veins, connecting capillaries to larger veins. They play a crucial role in the circulatory system by collecting blood from capillaries and returning it to the heart for oxygenation. Villi are small finger-like projections found in the small intestine to increase surface area for nutrient absorption. Bronchioles are small air passages in the lungs. Lymph glands are part of the lymphatic system and are responsible for filtering lymph fluid.

The suffix "-URIA" at the end of a medical term refers to urine. This suffix is commonly used to indicate a condition or presence of something related to urine. For example, hematuria refers to the presence of blood in the urine, and proteinuria refers to the presence of protein in the urine. Therefore, when encountering a medical term with the suffix "-URIA," it is related to the urinary system or the excretion of urine.

The sebaceous glands, skin, hair, and nails are all part of the integumentary system. This system is responsible for protecting the body from external factors, regulating body temperature, and producing substances like oil and sweat. The integumentary system also plays a role in sensory perception through the skin and helps in the synthesis of vitamin D.

Adult capillary punctures most often involve the use of the middle and ring fingers. These fingers are commonly chosen because they have a good blood supply and are less sensitive compared to the index finger. Using the middle and ring fingers for capillary punctures allows for an easier and less painful procedure.

A lavender-topped evacuated tube is used for the collection of blood for a CBC test. This type of tube contains an anticoagulant called EDTA, which helps to prevent the blood from clotting during the collection process. The lavender color indicates that it is specifically designed for hematological tests, such as complete blood count (CBC), which provides information about the different types and numbers of blood cells present in the sample. This tube is commonly used because it ensures accurate and reliable results for CBC testing.

Within the capillaries, blood cell functions include releasing oxygen, binding carbon dioxide, and eliminating waste. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins. Oxygen is released from red blood cells into the tissues through the capillaries, while carbon dioxide, a waste product, is bound to red blood cells for transport back to the lungs. Additionally, waste products such as metabolic byproducts and toxins are eliminated through the capillaries, ensuring proper functioning of the body's organs and systems. Therefore, all of the given options are correct.

Sodium citrate is an anticoagulant of choice for coagulation studies because it protects clotting factors. Clotting factors are proteins in the blood that are essential for the formation and stabilization of blood clots. Sodium citrate prevents the blood from clotting by binding to calcium ions, which are necessary for the activation of clotting factors. By preserving the activity of clotting factors, sodium citrate allows for accurate coagulation studies to be conducted without interference from unwanted blood clotting.

Arteries can be distinguished from veins because arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body, while veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Arteries have thicker walls and are under higher pressure, which causes them to pulsate as blood is pumped through them by the heart. Veins, on the other hand, have thinner walls and do not pulsate. Therefore, the correct answer is "pulsating".

The correct answer is "smaller the needle bore." In medical terminology, the gauge of a needle refers to the diameter or bore of the needle. The higher the gauge number, the smaller the diameter of the needle. Therefore, a higher gauge needle will have a smaller bore, which means it will be thinner and more suitable for delicate procedures or patients with smaller veins.

The aorta, the largest artery in the body, branches into smaller divisions called arteries. These arteries further branch into even smaller divisions called arterioles. Arterioles are important in regulating blood flow and blood pressure, as they control the distribution of blood to different organs and tissues. They also play a role in directing blood flow during exercise or in response to other physiological demands. Therefore, arterioles are the correct answer to the question.

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes are all types of white blood cells. White blood cells, also known as leukocytes, are an essential part of the immune system and play a crucial role in defending the body against infections and diseases. These different types of white blood cells have distinct functions and are involved in various immune responses, such as phagocytosis, antibody production, and inflammation.

The endocrine system is responsible for producing and regulating hormones in the body. Hormones are chemical messengers that control various bodily functions and processes, such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction. The reproductive system does produce hormones, but it is not the primary regulator of hormones. The integumentary system is primarily responsible for protecting the body, and the cardiovascular system is responsible for circulating blood. Therefore, the correct answer is the endocrine system.

Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are small, colorless cell fragments found in the blood. They play a crucial role in blood clotting and wound healing. Platelets are formed in the bone marrow and are involved in the formation of blood clots to prevent excessive bleeding. Therefore, the correct answer is platelet.

VAD stands for venous access devices, which are commonly used in hospitals. These devices are used to gain access to a patient's veins for the purpose of administering medication, fluids, or blood products, as well as for blood sampling.

Plasma is the liquid portion of an anticoagulated blood sample. When blood is collected in a tube with an anticoagulant, it prevents clotting and allows the blood to separate into its different components. The plasma is the yellowish fluid that remains after the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets have been removed. It contains various proteins, electrolytes, hormones, and waste products that are essential for the body's functioning.

The color red is commonly associated with blood collection tubes that are used for electrolyte testing. These tubes typically contain a gel separator and are designed to collect blood samples for the analysis of electrolyte levels in the body. The red color indicates the specific type of tube that should be used for this purpose.

A red-topped evacuated tube is used for the collection of blood for cholesterol testing. Different colored tubes are used for different types of blood tests, and the red top specifically indicates that it contains no additives or anticoagulants. This allows for the accurate measurement of cholesterol levels in the blood sample without interference from any additives or anticoagulants present in other types of tubes.