Gas Laws And Anesthesia Quiz! Trivia Quiz

The biggest concern when working in an operating room using lasers is patient and staff eye protection. Lasers can emit powerful beams of light that can cause severe damage to the eyes if proper precautions are not taken. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that both the patient and the staff in the operating room are wearing appropriate eye protection to prevent any potential harm.

The thigh or back is the best choice to place the dispersive plate because these areas have a larger surface area compared to the other options. This allows for better distribution of the electrical current and reduces the risk of burns or tissue damage. Additionally, the thigh and back are areas with thicker muscle tissue, which can better tolerate the electrical current. Placing the dispersive plate on the big toe, neck, or wrap around the pointer finger would not provide sufficient surface area for effective dispersion of the electrical current.

Hespan is an example of a colloid. Colloids are mixtures in which particles are dispersed in a medium, but do not dissolve or settle. Hespan is a colloid solution that contains hydroxyethyl starch, which forms small particles suspended in a liquid medium. These particles do not dissolve and remain dispersed throughout the solution, giving it a colloid-like appearance.

During a major neurologic surgery, hypothermia can be useful to reduce cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic requirement. Lowering the body temperature can help protect the brain from potential damage during the surgery by reducing the demand for oxygen and nutrients. This can minimize the risk of ischemia and improve the overall outcome of the procedure.

Condensation is not a method of heat transfer because it is the process of a gas or vapor turning into a liquid. It occurs when the temperature of a gas or vapor decreases and reaches its dew point, causing the molecules to slow down and come together to form a liquid. While condensation can release heat, it is not a means of transferring heat from one object to another. The other options, convection, radiation, and conduction, are all methods of heat transfer. Convection involves the movement of heat through the motion of fluids, radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves, and conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact between objects.

The correct answer is that the absorbent will turn a deep purple color. This is because the CO2 absorbent, usually soda lime, contains an indicator that changes color when it is depleted. The color change serves as a visual cue to indicate that the absorbent needs to be replaced.

The given answer "All of the above" is correct because it encompasses all the options mentioned in the question. The individual is expressing tiredness from studying, a strong desire for an alcoholic beverage, and a hope for passing the tests through prayer. Therefore, selecting "All of the above" is an accurate representation of the person's current state.

Soda-lime is a mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). NaOH is primarily responsible for absorbing acidic gases. 

The Sagittal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into left and right halves. This means that if an imaginary line is drawn down the center of the body from the head to the feet, it will separate the body into two symmetrical sides. Therefore, the correct answer is Left and Right.

When the temperature increases from 20°C to 30°C, the pressure inside the cylinder also increases. This is because temperature and pressure are directly proportional according to the ideal gas law. As the temperature increases, the gas molecules inside the cylinder gain more kinetic energy and move faster, resulting in higher pressure. Therefore, the pressure inside the cylinder will be 1200 psi.

Administration of Methylene Blue dye will show a FALSE desaturation on your pulse ox monitor. Methylene Blue is a medication used to treat methemoglobinemia, a condition where the blood's ability to carry oxygen is impaired. It causes the blood to appear bluish in color, which can lead to a false reading on the pulse oximeter. The pulse oximeter measures the oxygen saturation in the blood, and in the presence of Methylene Blue, it may incorrectly indicate a lower oxygen saturation level.

Osmosis involves the movement of a solvent only across a semi-permeable membrane. In osmosis, water molecules move from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration, in order to equalize the solute concentration on both sides of the membrane. This process occurs without the movement of solute particles, making it a movement of solvent only. Diffusion involves the movement of both solute and solvent particles, while oncotic pressure is the force exerted by proteins in a fluid that draws water into the fluid. Hypnosis is unrelated to the movement of solvents across a semi-permeable membrane.

Diffusion is the process of molecules or particles moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. In this process, both the solvent and solute are able to pass through a permeable membrane. This movement occurs until equilibrium is reached, where the concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane. Therefore, the given answer accurately describes diffusion as the movement of both solvent and solute across a permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

The Venturi Mask effect where increasing velocity of flow decreases pressure exerted on walls of tube is a good example of Bernoulli's law. According to Bernoulli's principle, as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases. In the case of the Venturi Mask, when the flow of air through the narrow portion of the mask increases, the velocity of the air increases, resulting in a decrease in pressure exerted on the walls of the tube. This principle is utilized in medical devices like the Venturi Mask to deliver a specific concentration of oxygen to patients.

A hypotonic solution refers to a solution with a lower concentration of solutes compared to the inside of the cells. When a cell is exposed to a hypotonic solution, water molecules move into the cell through osmosis, causing the cell to swell. If the influx of water is excessive, the cell may eventually burst or undergo lysis. Therefore, the correct answer is that the cell swells and bursts when exposed to a hypotonic solution.

N&Z 246

Desflurane is an inhalation anesthetic agent commonly used during surgeries. When Desflurane breaks down in a CO2 absorber, it can produce carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide is a harmful substance that can bind to hemoglobin in the blood, reducing its ability to carry oxygen. This can lead to tissue hypoxia and other serious complications. Compared to other anesthetic agents, Desflurane is known to produce higher levels of carbon monoxide upon breakdown in the CO2 absorber, making it a potential risk for patients undergoing anesthesia.

The formula E = I x R is the correct answer for Ohm's Law. Ohm's Law states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage applied across it and inversely proportional to the resistance of the conductor. This formula represents that relationship, where E represents the voltage (electromotive force), I represents the current, and R represents the resistance.

N&Z 248

When selecting an IV gauge, choosing a larger bore IV increases the radius of the tube. According to Poiseuille's Law, the flow rate of a fluid through a tube is directly proportional to the fourth power of the radius. Therefore, increasing the radius of the tube by choosing a larger bore IV will result in an increased flow rate. This explains why choosing a larger bore IV is preferred in order to increase flow.

You can not change the canister in the middle of the case. Increase FGF to compensate.

The volume of solution is not one of the four factors that may change laminar to turbulent flow. Laminar flow refers to smooth, orderly flow of a fluid, while turbulent flow is characterized by chaotic, irregular movement. Factors such as high gas flows, changes in diameter, and branching of tubes can all disrupt the smooth flow and promote turbulence. However, the volume of solution does not directly affect the flow pattern and therefore does not play a role in changing laminar to turbulent flow.

Macroshock is a term used to describe a large amount of electric current passing through the human body. The measurement unit used to define macroshock is milliampere (mA). Milliampere is a unit of electric current equal to one thousandth of an ampere. In the context of macroshock, it refers to the amount of current that can cause significant harm or even be fatal to a person.

The correct answer is 14-19%. This range indicates the hydration level of SodaLyme, which is a substance used for absorbing carbon dioxide in medical procedures. The hydration level refers to the amount of water present in SodaLyme. A hydration level of 14-19% means that SodaLyme contains 14-19% water content.

Charles Law. V1 / T1 = V2 / T2
(750)/ (20) = (1275) / (T2)
I prefer to cross multiply and switch the equation up so it reads as such. P1 x T2 = P2 x T1 (750 ) (T2) = (1275) (20)
(750) (T2) = 25, 500
25, 500 / 750 = T2 = 34

Laminar flow refers to the smooth, uninterrupted flow of fluids. In the context of the body, laminar flow can be found in the terminal bronchioles. These are the smallest airways in the respiratory system, where air flows in a regular, streamlined manner. The branching structure of the bronchioles helps to maintain laminar flow, ensuring efficient oxygen exchange in the lungs. The carina, larger airways, and blood flowing into the heart do not exhibit laminar flow as they have more turbulent or disrupted flow patterns.

Soltuions ppt slide 19.

N&Z 245

Electricity ptt slide 7 & 8. Both inductance and insulators resist flow of electrons. Capacitance facilitates.

A super saturated solution is a solution that contains more solute than it can normally dissolve at a given temperature. When a super saturated solution is cooled, it becomes unstable and the excess solute precipitates out of the solution, forming a solid. Therefore, a super saturated solution will precipitate upon cooling.

Suspension refers to a solution in which a solute cannot be dissolved. In a suspension, the solute particles are larger and do not dissolve completely in the solvent. Instead, they remain suspended or dispersed throughout the solution. This causes the solution to appear cloudy or opaque, and over time, the solute particles may settle at the bottom due to gravity. Examples of suspensions include sand in water or chalk in water.

High frequency yields high resolution. The peripheral nerve block was discussed in class as being very close to the surface of the skin and therefore it does NOT NEED PENETRATION but instead requires a high resolution for us to ensure we are indeed hitting the nerve.

Acoustic impedance refers to the medium's resistance to vibrate as sound waves strike it. The higher the acoustic impedance, the greater the resistance to vibration.

Fick's law is a fundamental principle in physics and chemistry that describes the diffusion of gases. It states that the rate of diffusion of a gas is directly proportional to the concentration gradient and inversely proportional to the molecular weight of the gas. Henry's law, on the other hand, states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid. Graham's law states that the rate of effusion or diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass. Therefore, the correct answer is Henry's & Grahams law, as both of these laws are related to the diffusion of gases.

The correct answer is 2-3 times the Tidal Volume. This is because the CO2 absorber is used to remove carbon dioxide from the breathing system during anesthesia. By having 2-3 times the tidal volume of air space in the absorber, it ensures that there is enough capacity to effectively absorb and remove the exhaled carbon dioxide. Having a larger air space also allows for better efficiency and prevents the absorber from becoming saturated too quickly.

Turbulent flow is not caused by a decrease in density and a small radius. Turbulent flow occurs when there is a high flow rate, the tube wall is rough or corrugated, and there are kinks or bends in the system. The Reynolds number, which is greater than 2000, governs turbulent flow. In turbulent flow, the molecules of a solution encounter the walls of a tube in a rough tumbling pattern.

Boyle's law states that at a constant temperature, the volume of a gas varies inversely with the pressure. This means that as the pressure of a gas increases, its volume decreases, and vice versa, as long as the temperature remains constant. This relationship can be mathematically expressed as PV = k, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, and k is a constant. This law helps explain the behavior of gases and is important in various scientific and industrial applications, such as in the design of compressed gas systems and the study of gas behavior in closed containers.

Henry's law states that the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas over the liquid and indirectly proportional to temperature. This means that as the partial pressure of the gas increases, more gas molecules will dissolve in the liquid. Conversely, as the temperature increases, the solubility of the gas decreases, resulting in less gas being dissolved in the liquid.

The end products of the CO2 absorber are carbonates, H2O, and heat. This means that when CO2 is absorbed, it combines with other substances to form carbonates, water, and heat as a byproduct.

The lead electrode is consumed in the reactions of the galvanic cell. This means that during the operation of the cell, the lead electrode undergoes a chemical reaction that results in its gradual depletion or consumption. This consumption of the lead electrode is an essential part of the overall reaction that occurs inside the galvanic cell, which allows for the measurement of O2.

Vaporization is the process of converting a substance from its liquid or solid state into a vapor or gas. It is not dependent on the density of the agent because density refers to the mass per unit volume of a substance, which does not directly affect the ability of a substance to vaporize. Vaporization primarily depends on factors such as the vapor pressure of the agent, temperature of the environment, and the amount of carrier gas used.

The chemical reaction that occurs within the CO2 absorber is neutralization. Neutralization is a reaction between an acid and a base, resulting in the formation of a salt and water. In this case, the CO2 absorber is likely designed to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from a gas stream, such as in a carbon capture system. The CO2 reacts with a base present in the absorber, neutralizing the acid nature of CO2 and forming a salt. This process helps in reducing the concentration of CO2 in the gas stream.

Cooling increases the density of water. As water cools, the molecules slow down and come closer together, resulting in an increase in density. This is a well-known property of water and is observed in various situations, such as when water freezes and forms ice. The other two statements are true about water: it is considered to be the universal solvent, meaning it can dissolve a wide variety of substances, and heat increases the density of water.

According to Poiseuille's law, the flow rate through a tube is directly proportional to the fourth power of the radius. Therefore, doubling the radius will lead to a 16-fold increase in flow, while tripling the radius will increase flow by 81-fold. Conversely, halving the radius will decrease flow by half.

N&Z 253, Electricity ppt slide 14.

OR electrical supply is NOT GROUNDED

Gay-Lusaac's law states that at a constant volume, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature. This means that as the temperature increases, the pressure of the gas also increases, and vice versa, as long as the volume remains constant. This law helps to explain the relationship between temperature and pressure in gases, and is used in various applications, such as in the design of pressure-temperature gauges and in understanding the behavior of gases in different conditions.

CO2 diffusing 20x faster than O2 due to increased solubility of CO2 is a good example of Graham's Law in Anesthesia practice. Graham's Law states that the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass. Since CO2 has a higher solubility compared to O2, it diffuses more rapidly through tissues and cell membranes. This understanding is crucial in anesthesia practice as it helps in managing gas exchange and ensuring proper oxygenation of tissues during procedures.

atmospheric pressure is 760. P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
(760)(800) = (608) ( V2)
608,000 = 608 ( V2)
V2 = 1000

The range of frequency used for ultrasound equipment is 1-15 MHz. This range is specifically chosen for ultrasound imaging because it allows for high-resolution images to be produced. Frequencies in the range of 1-15 MHz are able to penetrate tissues effectively and provide detailed images of organs, blood vessels, and other structures. Higher frequencies within this range are typically used for superficial imaging, while lower frequencies are used for deeper imaging.

Microshock refers to an electrical shock that occurs in susceptible patients who have a direct connection between their heart and the external environment. This means that the electrical current passes directly through the heart, potentially causing harm. It is important to note that microshock is different from a gross current shock, which is applied to the surface of the body. In microshock, the electrical shock is mostly absorbed by the tissues of the body, with minimal electrical shock reaching the heart.