Gas Laws And Anesthesia Quiz! Trivia Quiz

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  • 1/50 Questions

    What is the biggest concern when working in an operating room using lasers?

    • Bathroom breaks because laser surgeries are very long
    • Looking cool in whatever color glasses you are wearing
    • What music the surgeon is playing
    • Patient and Staff eye protection
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About This Quiz

Different gases cause different effects when inhaled by people and animals. It is by researching the effect of gasses that Henry Boyle became the best anaesthetists of his time. Do you know how to correctly and safely gas a patient for a procedure? This quiz is ideal for testing out how true that is. How about you give it a try and see what new facts you learn.

Gas Laws And Anesthesia Quiz! Trivia Quiz - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Electrocautery (Bovie) is used in surgery to provide homeostasis by burning blood vessels via an electrical current discharged from the machine to the patient. The energy is returned to the patient via a dispersive plate. Which surface is the best choice, from below, to place the dispersive plate?

    • Thigh or Back

    • On Big toe

    • Neck

    • Wrap around pointer finger

    Correct Answer
    A. Thigh or Back
    Explanation
    The thigh or back is the best choice to place the dispersive plate because these areas have a larger surface area compared to the other options. This allows for better distribution of the electrical current and reduces the risk of burns or tissue damage. Additionally, the thigh and back are areas with thicker muscle tissue, which can better tolerate the electrical current. Placing the dispersive plate on the big toe, neck, or wrap around the pointer finger would not provide sufficient surface area for effective dispersion of the electrical current.

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  • 3. 

    Give an Example of a colloid.

    • 0.9 NS

    • Cough Syrup

    • Hespan

    • Lactated ringers

    Correct Answer
    A. Hespan
    Explanation
    Hespan is an example of a colloid. Colloids are mixtures in which particles are dispersed in a medium, but do not dissolve or settle. Hespan is a colloid solution that contains hydroxyethyl starch, which forms small particles suspended in a liquid medium. These particles do not dissolve and remain dispersed throughout the solution, giving it a colloid-like appearance.

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  • 4. 

    When would hypothermia be useful intra-operatively?

    • During a debridement of a Burn patient

    • To decrease morbidity by decreasing risk of developing coagulopathies

    • During a major Neurologic surgery to reduce CBF & cerebral metabolic requirement

    • To increase GFR and speed up recovery

    Correct Answer
    A. During a major Neurologic surgery to reduce CBF & cerebral metabolic requirement
    Explanation
    During a major neurologic surgery, hypothermia can be useful to reduce cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic requirement. Lowering the body temperature can help protect the brain from potential damage during the surgery by reducing the demand for oxygen and nutrients. This can minimize the risk of ischemia and improve the overall outcome of the procedure.

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  • 5. 

    Which of the following is NOT a method of heat transfer?

    • Convection

    • Condensation

    • Radiation

    • Conduction

    Correct Answer
    A. Condensation
    Explanation
    Condensation is not a method of heat transfer because it is the process of a gas or vapor turning into a liquid. It occurs when the temperature of a gas or vapor decreases and reaches its dew point, causing the molecules to slow down and come together to form a liquid. While condensation can release heat, it is not a means of transferring heat from one object to another. The other options, convection, radiation, and conduction, are all methods of heat transfer. Convection involves the movement of heat through the motion of fluids, radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves, and conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact between objects.

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  • 6. 

    What is the simplest way to tell when your CO2 absorber is exhausted?

    • Increasing ETCO2 in your patient

    • During your AM machine check

    • The absorbent will turn a deep purple color

    • An alarm will sound to alert of absorbent exhaustion

    Correct Answer
    A. The absorbent will turn a deep purple color
    Explanation
    The correct answer is that the absorbent will turn a deep purple color. This is because the CO2 absorbent, usually soda lime, contains an indicator that changes color when it is depleted. The color change serves as a visual cue to indicate that the absorbent needs to be replaced.

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  • 7. 

    Right now you are:

    • Pretty darn tired of all this studying.

    • Desperately wanting an alcoholic beverage.

    • Praying to god you pass these tests.

    • All of the above.

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above.
    Explanation
    The given answer "All of the above" is correct because it encompasses all the options mentioned in the question. The individual is expressing tiredness from studying, a strong desire for an alcoholic beverage, and a hope for passing the tests through prayer. Therefore, selecting "All of the above" is an accurate representation of the person's current state.

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  • 8. 

    What is the MAIN component of Soda-lime?

    • CaOH

    • NaOH

    • KOH

    • H2O

    Correct Answer
    A. NaOH
    Explanation
    Soda-lime is a mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). NaOH is primarily responsible for absorbing acidic gases. 

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  • 9. 

    The Sagittal plane divides the body into

    • Left and Right

    • Superior and Inferior

    • Anterior and Posterior

    • Right and Wrong

    Correct Answer
    A. Left and Right
    Explanation
    The Sagittal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into left and right halves. This means that if an imaginary line is drawn down the center of the body from the head to the feet, it will separate the body into two symmetrical sides. Therefore, the correct answer is Left and Right.

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  • 10. 

    At 20 C the pressure inside your cylinder is 800 psi. If you increase your temp to 30 C what will your pressure be?

    • 400 psi

    • 1600 psi

    • 530 psi

    • 1200 psi

    Correct Answer
    A. 1200 psi
    Explanation
    When the temperature increases from 20°C to 30°C, the pressure inside the cylinder also increases. This is because temperature and pressure are directly proportional according to the ideal gas law. As the temperature increases, the gas molecules inside the cylinder gain more kinetic energy and move faster, resulting in higher pressure. Therefore, the pressure inside the cylinder will be 1200 psi.

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  • 11. 

    Which statement best defines diffusion?

    • When the numbers of molecules entering and exiting the liquid phase become equal.

    • The movement of SOLVENT ONLY across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low concentration, to an area of high concentration

    • The movement of SOLVENT & SOLUTE across a permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

    Correct Answer
    A. The movement of SOLVENT & SOLUTE across a permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
    Explanation
    Diffusion is the process of molecules or particles moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. In this process, both the solvent and solute are able to pass through a permeable membrane. This movement occurs until equilibrium is reached, where the concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane. Therefore, the given answer accurately describes diffusion as the movement of both solvent and solute across a permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

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  • 12. 

    A Hypotonic solution may do what to the cells of the body?

    • The cell to shrink

    • Nothing, the osmolar pressures are equal

    • The cell to become really muscular

    • The cell swells, and burst

    Correct Answer
    A. The cell swells, and burst
    Explanation
    A hypotonic solution refers to a solution with a lower concentration of solutes compared to the inside of the cells. When a cell is exposed to a hypotonic solution, water molecules move into the cell through osmosis, causing the cell to swell. If the influx of water is excessive, the cell may eventually burst or undergo lysis. Therefore, the correct answer is that the cell swells and bursts when exposed to a hypotonic solution.

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  • 13. 

    Which one of the following is a good example of Bernoulli's law?

    • Being aware of how air flows through larger (turbulent) and smaller (laminar) airways within lungs.

    • The Venturi Mask effect where increasing velocity of flow decreases pressure exerted on walls of tube.

    • Determining the partial pressure of O2 in a cylinder of air.

    • Realizing that CO2 diffuses 20x faster than O2 due to increased solubility of CO2.

    Correct Answer
    A. The Venturi Mask effect where increasing velocity of flow decreases pressure exerted on walls of tube.
    Explanation
    The Venturi Mask effect where increasing velocity of flow decreases pressure exerted on walls of tube is a good example of Bernoulli's law. According to Bernoulli's principle, as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases. In the case of the Venturi Mask, when the flow of air through the narrow portion of the mask increases, the velocity of the air increases, resulting in a decrease in pressure exerted on the walls of the tube. This principle is utilized in medical devices like the Venturi Mask to deliver a specific concentration of oxygen to patients.

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  • 14. 

    Which of the following will show a FALSE desaturation on your pulse ox monitor?

    • Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

    • Hypocarbia

    • Administration of Methylene Blue dye

    • Anemia

    Correct Answer
    A. Administration of Methylene Blue dye
    Explanation
    Administration of Methylene Blue dye will show a FALSE desaturation on your pulse ox monitor. Methylene Blue is a medication used to treat methemoglobinemia, a condition where the blood's ability to carry oxygen is impaired. It causes the blood to appear bluish in color, which can lead to a false reading on the pulse oximeter. The pulse oximeter measures the oxygen saturation in the blood, and in the presence of Methylene Blue, it may incorrectly indicate a lower oxygen saturation level.

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  • 15. 

    Which of the following involves movement of a SOLVENT ONLY across a semi permeable membrane?

    • Osmosis

    • Diffusion

    • Oncotic Pressure

    • Hypnosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Osmosis
    Explanation
    Osmosis involves the movement of a solvent only across a semi-permeable membrane. In osmosis, water molecules move from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration, in order to equalize the solute concentration on both sides of the membrane. This process occurs without the movement of solute particles, making it a movement of solvent only. Diffusion involves the movement of both solute and solvent particles, while oncotic pressure is the force exerted by proteins in a fluid that draws water into the fluid. Hypnosis is unrelated to the movement of solvents across a semi-permeable membrane.

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  • 16. 

    During your pre-op assessment, you find your pt has pulmonary edema. How will this affect the Diffusion of your gases?

    • Increase Distance across membrane, and Increase diffusion

    • Increase Distance across membrane and decrease diffusion

    • Decrease distance across membrane and increase diffusion.

    • Decrease distance across membrane and decrease diffusion.

    Correct Answer
    A. Increase Distance across membrane and decrease diffusion
    Explanation
    N&Z 246

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  • 17. 

    What harmful substance is Desflurane known to cause more than other anesthetic agents upon a breakdown in a CO2 absorber?

    • Trifluoroacetylic acid

    • Compound A

    • Your gramma's perfume

    • Carbon Monoxide

    Correct Answer
    A. Carbon Monoxide
    Explanation
    Desflurane is an inhalation anesthetic agent commonly used during surgeries. When Desflurane breaks down in a CO2 absorber, it can produce carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide is a harmful substance that can bind to hemoglobin in the blood, reducing its ability to carry oxygen. This can lead to tissue hypoxia and other serious complications. Compared to other anesthetic agents, Desflurane is known to produce higher levels of carbon monoxide upon breakdown in the CO2 absorber, making it a potential risk for patients undergoing anesthesia.

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  • 18. 

    What will happen to your flow if you double the length of your tubing?

    • You will have 1/16 of flow

    • You will have 1/2 flow

    • You will double flow

    • It will stay the same due to decrease pressure gradient

    Correct Answer
    A. You will have 1/2 flow
    Explanation
    N&Z 248

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  • 19. 

    Which is the formula for Ohm's Law?

    • PV=nrT

    • Area x solubility x pressure gradient / MW x Distance x temp

    • W = E x I

    • E = I x R

    Correct Answer
    A. E = I x R
    Explanation
    The formula E = I x R is the correct answer for Ohm's Law. Ohm's Law states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage applied across it and inversely proportional to the resistance of the conductor. This formula represents that relationship, where E represents the voltage (electromotive force), I represents the current, and R represents the resistance.

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  • 20. 

    When in the middle of a case your CO2 absorbent turns purple. What would you do?

    • Change the canister, to get rid of exhausted CO2 absorber

    • Kiss their forehead and wish them the best of luck

    • Increase Fresh Gas Flow, to compensate for exhausted CO2 absorbent

    • Increase their Respiratory rate to blow off excess CO2

    Correct Answer
    A. Increase Fresh Gas Flow, to compensate for exhausted CO2 absorbent
    Explanation
    You can not change the canister in the middle of the case. Increase FGF to compensate.

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  • 21. 

    When choosing an IV gauge, you want to choose a larger bore IV in order to increase the radius of the tube and thereby increase flow. This is an example of which law?

    • Poiseuille’s Law

    • Dalton’s Law

    • Bernoulli’s Law

    • Charles Law

    Correct Answer
    A. Poiseuille’s Law
    Explanation
    When selecting an IV gauge, choosing a larger bore IV increases the radius of the tube. According to Poiseuille's Law, the flow rate of a fluid through a tube is directly proportional to the fourth power of the radius. Therefore, increasing the radius of the tube by choosing a larger bore IV will result in an increased flow rate. This explains why choosing a larger bore IV is preferred in order to increase flow.

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  • 22. 

    Which of the following is not one of the four factors which may change Laminar to Turbulent flow?

    • High Gas Flows

    • Changes in Diameter

    • Volume of Solution

    • Branching of tubes

    Correct Answer
    A. Volume of Solution
    Explanation
    The volume of solution is not one of the four factors that may change laminar to turbulent flow. Laminar flow refers to smooth, orderly flow of a fluid, while turbulent flow is characterized by chaotic, irregular movement. Factors such as high gas flows, changes in diameter, and branching of tubes can all disrupt the smooth flow and promote turbulence. However, the volume of solution does not directly affect the flow pattern and therefore does not play a role in changing laminar to turbulent flow.

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  • 23. 

    What are the measurement units used to define Macroshock?

    • Volts

    • Ampere

    • Milliampere (mA)

    • Hertz

    Correct Answer
    A. Milliampere (mA)
    Explanation
    Macroshock is a term used to describe a large amount of electric current passing through the human body. The measurement unit used to define macroshock is milliampere (mA). Milliampere is a unit of electric current equal to one thousandth of an ampere. In the context of macroshock, it refers to the amount of current that can cause significant harm or even be fatal to a person.

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  • 24. 

    What is the hydration of SodaLyme?

    • 14-19%

    • 8-10%

    • 19-23%

    • 33%

    Correct Answer
    A. 14-19%
    Explanation
    The correct answer is 14-19%. This range indicates the hydration level of SodaLyme, which is a substance used for absorbing carbon dioxide in medical procedures. The hydration level refers to the amount of water present in SodaLyme. A hydration level of 14-19% means that SodaLyme contains 14-19% water content.

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  • 25. 

    Where would you find Laminar flow in the body?

    • Terminal Bronchioles

    • Carina

    • Larger Airways

    • Blood Flowing into the heart

    Correct Answer
    A. Terminal Bronchioles
    Explanation
    Laminar flow refers to the smooth, uninterrupted flow of fluids. In the context of the body, laminar flow can be found in the terminal bronchioles. These are the smallest airways in the respiratory system, where air flows in a regular, streamlined manner. The branching structure of the bronchioles helps to maintain laminar flow, ensuring efficient oxygen exchange in the lungs. The carina, larger airways, and blood flowing into the heart do not exhibit laminar flow as they have more turbulent or disrupted flow patterns.

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  • 26. 

    Flow through tubes is primarily dependent upon ___1____ , Flow through orifices is primarily dependent upon ____2____.

    • Density, Viscosity

    • Radius of tube, Radius of orifice

    • Viscosity, Density

    • Length of tube, length of orifice

    Correct Answer
    A. Viscosity, Density
    Explanation
    Soltuions ppt slide 19.

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  • 27. 

    At room temp (20 C ) and at sea level the pressure reading on your O2 tank is 750 psi. There is a drastic change in temperature and now your tank reads 1275 psi. What temperature is it?

    • 30 C

    • 34 C

    • 12 C

    • 40 C

    Correct Answer
    A. 34 C
    Explanation
    Charles Law. V1 / T1 = V2 / T2
    (750)/ (20) = (1275) / (T2)
    I prefer to cross multiply and switch the equation up so it reads as such. P1 x T2 = P2 x T1 (750 ) (T2) = (1275) (20)
    (750) (T2) = 25, 500
    25, 500 / 750 = T2 = 34

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  • 28. 

    Which of these is NOT a distinguishing property of gases?

    • Strong intermolecular forces

    • High Velocity

    • Expand & compress easily

    • High degree of random Motion

    Correct Answer
    A. Strong intermolecular forces
    Explanation
    N&Z 245

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  • 29. 

    Which of the following facilitates the flow of electrons?

    • Inductance

    • Capacitance

    • Insulators

    • Reflection

    Correct Answer
    A. Capacitance
    Explanation
    Electricity ptt slide 7 & 8. Both inductance and insulators resist flow of electrons. Capacitance facilitates.

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  • 30. 

    You are going to do a peripheral nerve block on a patient and are using Ultrasound to assist you. What would you want to use on your Ultrasound?

    • Low Frequency to produce a high resolution

    • High frequency to produce a high resolution

    • Low frequency to penetrate deep into tissue

    • High frequency to penetrate deep into tissue

    Correct Answer
    A. High frequency to produce a high resolution
    Explanation
    High frequency yields high resolution. The peripheral nerve block was discussed in class as being very close to the surface of the skin and therefore it does NOT NEED PENETRATION but instead requires a high resolution for us to ensure we are indeed hitting the nerve.

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  • 31. 

    Which type of solution will precipitate upon cooling?

    • Saturated

    • Super Saturated

    • Unsaturated

    • Super Unsaturated

    Correct Answer
    A. Super Saturated
    Explanation
    A super saturated solution is a solution that contains more solute than it can normally dissolve at a given temperature. When a super saturated solution is cooled, it becomes unstable and the excess solute precipitates out of the solution, forming a solid. Therefore, a super saturated solution will precipitate upon cooling.

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  • 32. 

    Which other gas laws are part of Fick's law?

    • Charles, Gay-Lusaacs & Boyles Law

    • Nouba's & Lambert Beer's Law

    • Henry's & Grahams law

    • Ohm's & Daltons Law

    Correct Answer
    A. Henry's & Grahams law
    Explanation
    Fick's law is a fundamental principle in physics and chemistry that describes the diffusion of gases. It states that the rate of diffusion of a gas is directly proportional to the concentration gradient and inversely proportional to the molecular weight of the gas. Henry's law, on the other hand, states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid. Graham's law states that the rate of effusion or diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass. Therefore, the correct answer is Henry's & Grahams law, as both of these laws are related to the diffusion of gases.

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  • 33. 

    Define Suspension.

    • A solution in which a solute can not be dissolved

    • The substance which is dissolved in a solution

    • Homogenous mix of 2 or more substances in equal proportions.

    • The principal kicking you out of school.

    Correct Answer
    A. A solution in which a solute can not be dissolved
    Explanation
    Suspension refers to a solution in which a solute cannot be dissolved. In a suspension, the solute particles are larger and do not dissolve completely in the solvent. Instead, they remain suspended or dispersed throughout the solution. This causes the solution to appear cloudy or opaque, and over time, the solute particles may settle at the bottom due to gravity. Examples of suspensions include sand in water or chalk in water.

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  • 34. 

    How much air space should there be in a CO2 absorber?

    • Equal to Tidal Volume

    • 2-3 times the Tidal Volume

    • 2 L/min

    • Minimal air space should be allowed.

    Correct Answer
    A. 2-3 times the Tidal Volume
    Explanation
    The correct answer is 2-3 times the Tidal Volume. This is because the CO2 absorber is used to remove carbon dioxide from the breathing system during anesthesia. By having 2-3 times the tidal volume of air space in the absorber, it ensures that there is enough capacity to effectively absorb and remove the exhaled carbon dioxide. Having a larger air space also allows for better efficiency and prevents the absorber from becoming saturated too quickly.

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  • 35. 

    Define Acoustic Impedence:

    • Loss of strength of sound waves as they ravel through a medium.

    • Refers to mediums resistance to vibrate os the sound waves strike it. The higher this is, the more resistance to vibration.

    • The rate in one second at which an AC current changed direction

    • The quality of an ultrasound picture.

    Correct Answer
    A. Refers to mediums resistance to vibrate os the sound waves strike it. The higher this is, the more resistance to vibration.
    Explanation
    Acoustic impedance refers to the medium's resistance to vibrate as sound waves strike it. The higher the acoustic impedance, the greater the resistance to vibration.

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  • 36. 

    Which of the following is NOT TRUE about turbulent flow:

    • It is governed by Reynold’s number (>2000)

    • Results when molecules of a soltuion encounter walls of a tube in a rough tumbling pattern.

    • It is caused by high flows, when tube wall is corrugated, & kinks or bends in the system

    • Occurs when the density of a solution is decreased, and the radius is small

    Correct Answer
    A. Occurs when the density of a solution is decreased, and the radius is small
    Explanation
    Turbulent flow is not caused by a decrease in density and a small radius. Turbulent flow occurs when there is a high flow rate, the tube wall is rough or corrugated, and there are kinks or bends in the system. The Reynolds number, which is greater than 2000, governs turbulent flow. In turbulent flow, the molecules of a solution encounter the walls of a tube in a rough tumbling pattern.

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  • 37. 

    What does Boyle's law state?

    • At a constant volume, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature.

    • The amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas over the liquid and indirectly proportional to temperature.

    • At a constant temperature, the volume of a gas varies inversely with the pressure.

    • The total pressure of a mixture of gases in a closed container at a given temperature is equal to the sum of the pressure that each gas exerts

    Correct Answer
    A. At a constant temperature, the volume of a gas varies inversely with the pressure.
    Explanation
    Boyle's law states that at a constant temperature, the volume of a gas varies inversely with the pressure. This means that as the pressure of a gas increases, its volume decreases, and vice versa, as long as the temperature remains constant. This relationship can be mathematically expressed as PV = k, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, and k is a constant. This law helps explain the behavior of gases and is important in various scientific and industrial applications, such as in the design of compressed gas systems and the study of gas behavior in closed containers.

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  • 38. 

    What does Henry's law state?

    • At a constant volume, the pressure of gas is directly proportional to the temperature.

    • The amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas over the liquid and indirectly proportional to temperature

    • At a constant temperature, the volume of gas varies inversely with the pressure.

    • The total pressure of a mixture of gases in a closed container at a given temperature is equal to the sum of the pressure that each gas exerts

    Correct Answer
    A. The amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas over the liquid and indirectly proportional to temperature
    Explanation
    Henry's law states that the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas over the liquid and indirectly proportional to temperature. This means that as the partial pressure of the gas increases, more gas molecules will dissolve in the liquid. Conversely, as the temperature increases, the solubility of the gas decreases, resulting in less gas being dissolved in the liquid.

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  • 39. 

    What are the end products of the CO2 absorber?

    • CO, H2O, and Heat

    • Salts, Carbonates, and H2O

    • CO, Carbonates, and Heat

    • Carbonates, H20, Heat

    Correct Answer
    A. Carbonates, H20, Heat
    Explanation
    The end products of the CO2 absorber are carbonates, H2O, and heat. This means that when CO2 is absorbed, it combines with other substances to form carbonates, water, and heat as a byproduct.

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  • 40. 

    Vaporization is NOT dependent upon...

    • Vapor Pressure of Agent

    • Temperature of environment

    • Amount of carrier gas used

    • Density of Agent

    Correct Answer
    A. Density of Agent
    Explanation
    Vaporization is the process of converting a substance from its liquid or solid state into a vapor or gas. It is not dependent on the density of the agent because density refers to the mass per unit volume of a substance, which does not directly affect the ability of a substance to vaporize. Vaporization primarily depends on factors such as the vapor pressure of the agent, temperature of the environment, and the amount of carrier gas used.

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  • 41. 

    A galvanic cell contains two electrodes and is used to measure O2. Describe the reaction which occurs inside the Galvanic cell.

    • The gold and lead electrodes are consumed when electricity is produced.

    • The lead electrode is consumed by the reactions of the galvanic cell.

    • The gold electrode is consumed by the reactions of the galvanic cell.

    • Exposure to room air will shorten the life of the galvanic cell since this will increase consumption of the elctrode.

    Correct Answer
    A. The lead electrode is consumed by the reactions of the galvanic cell.
    Explanation
    The lead electrode is consumed in the reactions of the galvanic cell. This means that during the operation of the cell, the lead electrode undergoes a chemical reaction that results in its gradual depletion or consumption. This consumption of the lead electrode is an essential part of the overall reaction that occurs inside the galvanic cell, which allows for the measurement of O2.

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  • 42. 

    Which statement is NOT TRUE regarding the flow of solutions?

    • The greater the inflow is on one side of the tube than the outflow pressure is on the opposite side of the tube (pressure gradient)the greater the flow

    • Doubling the radius leads to 16-fold increase in flow

    • Halving of the radius decreases flow by half

    • Tripling the radius increases flow 81 fold

    Correct Answer
    A. Halving of the radius decreases flow by half
    Explanation
    According to Poiseuille's law, the flow rate through a tube is directly proportional to the fourth power of the radius. Therefore, doubling the radius will lead to a 16-fold increase in flow, while tripling the radius will increase flow by 81-fold. Conversely, halving the radius will decrease flow by half.

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  • 43. 

    What is the chemical reaction that occurs within the C02 absorber?

    • Reduction

    • Oxidation

    • Neutralization

    • Hydrolysis

    Correct Answer
    A. Neutralization
    Explanation
    The chemical reaction that occurs within the CO2 absorber is neutralization. Neutralization is a reaction between an acid and a base, resulting in the formation of a salt and water. In this case, the CO2 absorber is likely designed to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from a gas stream, such as in a carbon capture system. The CO2 reacts with a base present in the absorber, neutralizing the acid nature of CO2 and forming a salt. This process helps in reducing the concentration of CO2 in the gas stream.

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  • 44. 

    Which statement is NOT TRUE about water?

    • It is considered to be the universal solvent

    • Heat increases density

    • Cooling increases density

    Correct Answer
    A. Cooling increases density
    Explanation
    Cooling increases the density of water. As water cools, the molecules slow down and come closer together, resulting in an increase in density. This is a well-known property of water and is observed in various situations, such as when water freezes and forms ice. The other two statements are true about water: it is considered to be the universal solvent, meaning it can dissolve a wide variety of substances, and heat increases the density of water.

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  • 45. 

    How do OR electrical systems work?

    • Through a Line isolation monitor which grounds the electrical supply to protect staff and patients from shock.

    • By providing a ground within each individual piece of equipment as well as in plugs for addition safety.

    • Through an Isolation transformer which seperates electrical system from OR and provides no ground so you can safely touch one wire.

    Correct Answer
    A. Through an Isolation transformer which seperates electrical system from OR and provides no ground so you can safely touch one wire.
    Explanation
    N&Z 253, Electricity ppt slide 14.

    OR electrical supply is NOT GROUNDED

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  • 46. 

    What does Gay-Lusaac's law state?

    • At a constant volume, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature.

    • The amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas over the liquid and indirectly proportional to temperature.

    • At a constant temperature, the volume of a gas varies inversely with the pressure.

    • The total pressure of a mixture of gases in a closed container at a given temperature is equal to the sum of the pressure that each gas exerts.

    Correct Answer
    A. At a constant volume, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature.
    Explanation
    Gay-Lusaac's law states that at a constant volume, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature. This means that as the temperature increases, the pressure of the gas also increases, and vice versa, as long as the volume remains constant. This law helps to explain the relationship between temperature and pressure in gases, and is used in various applications, such as in the design of pressure-temperature gauges and in understanding the behavior of gases in different conditions.

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  • 47. 

    At sea level, the volume of a gas is 800ml. If you decrease the atmospheric pressure to 608 mm Hg what will the volume of gas be now?

    • 1200 ml

    • 1600 ml

    • 1000 ml

    • 640 ml

    Correct Answer
    A. 1000 ml
    Explanation
    atmospheric pressure is 760. P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
    (760)(800) = (608) ( V2)
    608,000 = 608 ( V2)
    V2 = 1000

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  • 48. 

    What is a good example of Graham's Law in Anesthesia practice?

    • The Venturi Mask effect where increasing velocity of flow decreases pressure exerted on walls of tube.

    • Being aware of how air flows through larger (turbulent) and smaller (laminar) airways within lungs.

    • Determining the partial pressure of O2 in a cylinder of air.

    • Realizing that CO2 diffuses 20x faster than O2 due to increased solubility of CO2.

    Correct Answer
    A. Realizing that CO2 diffuses 20x faster than O2 due to increased solubility of CO2.
    Explanation
    CO2 diffusing 20x faster than O2 due to increased solubility of CO2 is a good example of Graham's Law in Anesthesia practice. Graham's Law states that the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass. Since CO2 has a higher solubility compared to O2, it diffuses more rapidly through tissues and cell membranes. This understanding is crucial in anesthesia practice as it helps in managing gas exchange and ensuring proper oxygenation of tissues during procedures.

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  • 49. 

    What is the range of frequency we use for Ultrasound equipment?

    • 0 - 20 Hz

    • 20 Hz- 20 KHz

    • 20 - 200 Khz

    • 1- 15 MHz

    Correct Answer
    A. 1- 15 MHz
    Explanation
    The range of frequency used for ultrasound equipment is 1-15 MHz. This range is specifically chosen for ultrasound imaging because it allows for high-resolution images to be produced. Frequencies in the range of 1-15 MHz are able to penetrate tissues effectively and provide detailed images of organs, blood vessels, and other structures. Higher frequencies within this range are typically used for superficial imaging, while lower frequencies are used for deeper imaging.

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  • Sep 12, 2023
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  • Oct 17, 2014
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