How Does Microbiology Work - Quiz

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Pidelsoleil
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About This Quiz

Do you know how this biological study of microorganisms works? Microbiology is a very important field of biology that deals with microscopic organisms like viruses and bacteria. Learn more about this biological branch in this quiz. ALL THE BEST!

How Does Microbiology Work - Quiz - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    What are the factors that influence the enzymatic activity? (can chose more than one)

    • Competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors

    • PH: enzyme activity declines when above or below optimum pH of most enzymes

    • Temperature: rate of reaction declines beyond the optimal temperature because the enzyme loses its characteristics (tertiary configuration), called denaturation

    • Enzymatic activity increases as substrate concentration increases until the enzymes are saturated

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors
    A. pH: enzyme activity declines when above or below optimum pH of most enzymes
    A. Temperature: rate of reaction declines beyond the optimal temperature because the enzyme loses its characteristics (tertiary configuration), called denaturation
    A. Enzymatic activity increases as substrate concentration increases until the enzymes are saturated
    Explanation
    The factors that influence enzymatic activity include temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and the presence of competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors. Temperature affects enzymatic activity as the rate of reaction declines beyond the optimal temperature, leading to denaturation of the enzyme. pH also affects enzymatic activity as it declines when above or below the optimum pH for most enzymes. Enzymatic activity increases with substrate concentration until the enzymes become saturated. Additionally, the presence of competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors can also influence enzymatic activity.

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  • 3. 

    Competitive inhibitors fill the active site of an enzyme and compete with the normal substrate for the active site. They do that because their shape and chemical structure are similar to those of the normal substrate. 

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Competitive inhibitors are molecules that bind to the active site of an enzyme and hinder the binding of the normal substrate. They do this because they have a similar shape and chemical structure to the substrate, allowing them to compete for the active site. This competition ultimately reduces the enzyme's activity, as the inhibitor effectively blocks the substrate from binding and undergoing the catalytic reaction. Therefore, the statement that competitive inhibitors fill the active site of an enzyme and compete with the normal substrate for the active site is true.

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  • 4. 

    An amphibiotic pathway is a metabolic pathway that functions in both anabolism and catabolism. 

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    An amphibiotic pathway is a metabolic pathway that can perform both anabolism (building complex molecules from simpler ones) and catabolism (breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones). This means that the pathway can be involved in both the synthesis and breakdown of molecules, depending on the needs of the cell or organism. Therefore, the statement that an amphibiotic pathway functions in both anabolism and catabolism is true.

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  • 5. 

    Oxidation-reduction reactions are complex ones. Find the true facts.

    • Also called redox reaction

    • Oxidation is the removal of electrons from an atom or molecule, which will produce energy and reduction is the gaining of electrons

    • NADH is the oxidized form while NAD+ is the reduced form

    • Glucose is a reduced molecule

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Also called redox reaction
    A. Oxidation is the removal of electrons from an atom or molecule, which will produce energy and reduction is the gaining of electrons
    A. Glucose is a reduced molecule
    Explanation
    The given answer provides three true facts about oxidation-reduction reactions. It states that oxidation-reduction reactions are also called redox reactions. It explains that oxidation is the process of removing electrons from an atom or molecule, which results in the production of energy. It also states that reduction is the process of gaining electrons. Lastly, it mentions that glucose is a reduced molecule, indicating that it has gained electrons.

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  • 6. 

    Which is not true about noncompetitive inhibitors?

    • They interact with another part of the enzyme, called allosteric site

    • This binding will change the shape of the active site, making it nonfunctional

    • The enzyme activity remains the same all in all

    • Depending of the ability of the active site to return to its original shape, it can be either reversible or irreversible

    Correct Answer
    A. The enzyme activity remains the same all in all
    Explanation
    Noncompetitive inhibitors interact with a different site on the enzyme, known as the allosteric site, rather than the active site. This binding causes a change in the shape of the active site, rendering it nonfunctional. As a result, the enzyme activity is affected and decreases. Therefore, the statement that the enzyme activity remains the same all in all is not true for noncompetitive inhibitors.

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  • 7. 

    What are the products made during glycolysis? (can chose more than one)

    • 2 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

    • 2 H2O

    • 2 adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

    • 2 NADH

    • 2 Pyruvic acids

    • 2 NAD+

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. 2 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
    A. 2 H2O
    A. 2 NADH
    A. 2 Pyruvic acids
    Explanation
    During glycolysis, the products formed are 2 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 2 NADH, 2 Pyruvic acids, and 2 H2O. ATP is a high-energy molecule that is used as a source of energy in cellular processes. NADH is an electron carrier that is used in the production of ATP in the later stages of cellular respiration. Pyruvic acid is a three-carbon compound that is further processed in the citric acid cycle. Water is produced as a byproduct of the chemical reactions that occur during glycolysis. Therefore, the correct answer includes all of these products.

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  • 8. 

    Bonus question: we are ready for tomorrow's test.

    • True, so easy man.

    • False, never ready for that.

    Correct Answer
    A. False, never ready for that.
    Explanation
    The given statement "False, never ready for that" contradicts the initial statement "we are ready for tomorrow's test." This suggests that the person believes they are not prepared for the test.

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  • 9. 

    All but one is false about the components of enzymes.

    • They are specific

    • Catalysts are substances that can speed up a chemical reaction without being permanently altered themselves. Enzymes serve as biological catalysts.

    • Have an active site

    • The enzyme-substrate complex formed by the temporary binding of enzymes and reactants enables the collisions to be more efective and increases the activation energy of the reaction.

    Correct Answer
    A. The enzyme-substrate complex formed by the temporary binding of enzymes and reactants enables the collisions to be more efective and increases the activation energy of the reaction.
    Explanation
    Enzymes are biological catalysts that can speed up chemical reactions without being permanently altered themselves. They are specific, meaning they can only catalyze specific reactions. Enzymes have an active site, which is a region where the reactants, called substrates, bind temporarily to form an enzyme-substrate complex. This complex allows for more effective collisions between the reactants, increasing the likelihood of a reaction occurring. Additionally, the formation of the enzyme-substrate complex increases the activation energy of the reaction, making it easier for the reaction to proceed.

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  • 10. 

    Possible alternatives to glycolysis are:

    • Pentose phosphate pathway

    • Calvin-Benson cycle

    • Krebs cycle

    • Entner-Doudoroff pathway

    • Embden-Meyerhof pathway

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Pentose phosphate pathway
    A. Entner-Doudoroff pathway
    Explanation
    The pentose phosphate pathway and the Entner-Doudoroff pathway are both alternative pathways to glycolysis. The pentose phosphate pathway is involved in the production of pentose sugars and reducing power in the form of NADPH, while the Entner-Doudoroff pathway is used by certain bacteria to break down glucose and produce pyruvate. The Calvin-Benson cycle is a pathway used by plants during photosynthesis to fix carbon dioxide, the Krebs cycle is involved in the oxidation of acetyl-CoA and the production of energy, and the Embden-Meyerhof pathway is another name for glycolysis itself.

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  • 11. 

    Lipids and proteins catabolism

    • Lipases break down fat into its fatty acids and glycerol components

    • Proteases and peptidases break down proteins into amino acids

    • Transamination, decarboxylation and dehydrogenation reactions convert the amino acids to be catabolized

    • A and B are false

    • All is false

    • None is false

    Correct Answer
    A. None is false
    Explanation
    The given statement "None is false" means that all of the statements mentioned in the question are true. This implies that lipases do break down fat into fatty acids and glycerol components, proteases and peptidases break down proteins into amino acids, and transamination, decarboxylation, and dehydrogenation reactions convert the amino acids to be catabolized. Therefore, there is no false statement in the given options.

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  • 12. 

    A ______ is en enzymatic RNA molecule that cut and splice RNA in ______ cells.

    Correct Answer
    ribozyme, eukaryotic
    Explanation
    A ribozyme is an enzymatic RNA molecule that is capable of cutting and splicing RNA in eukaryotic cells. Ribozymes are unique because they possess both enzymatic and genetic functions, allowing them to catalyze specific reactions within the cell. In eukaryotic cells, ribozymes play a crucial role in various cellular processes, such as RNA processing and gene regulation. They are involved in the removal of introns from pre-mRNA molecules, which is essential for the production of functional mRNA. Therefore, the given answer correctly identifies ribozyme as the enzymatic RNA molecule that performs RNA splicing in eukaryotic cells.

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  • 13. 

    ATP plays an important role as an intermediate between catabolism and anabolism. Why is that? (can pick more than one)

    • ATP stores energy derived from catabolic reactions and releases it later to drive anabolic reactions and perform other cellular work

    • Catabolic reactions transfer energy from complex molecules to ATP such as glucose, starch and lipids

    • Anabolic reactions transfer energy from ATP to complex molecules such as glycerol, fatty acids and proteins

    • When the terminal phosphate group is split from ATP, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is formed, and energy is released to drive anabolic reactions

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. ATP stores energy derived from catabolic reactions and releases it later to drive anabolic reactions and perform other cellular work
    A. When the terminal phosphate group is split from ATP, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is formed, and energy is released to drive anabolic reactions
    Explanation
    ATP plays a crucial role as an intermediate between catabolism and anabolism because it stores energy obtained from catabolic reactions and releases it later to drive anabolic reactions and perform other cellular work. Catabolic reactions transfer energy from complex molecules like glucose, starch, and lipids to ATP. On the other hand, anabolic reactions transfer energy from ATP to complex molecules such as glycerol, fatty acids, and proteins. When the terminal phosphate group is split from ATP, it forms adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and releases energy, which is then utilized to drive anabolic reactions.

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  • 14. 

    What are the products made during the Krebs cycle?

    • 6 NADH

    • 2 Pyruvates

    • 4 CO2

    • Acetyl CoA

    • 2 Guanosine diphosphate (GDP)

    • 2 FADH2

    • 2 FAD

    • 2 Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)

    • 6 NAD+

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. 6 NADH
    A. 4 CO2
    A. 2 FADH2
    A. 2 Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)
    Explanation
    During the Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, several products are produced. These include 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 4 CO2, and 2 Guanosine triphosphate (GTP). NADH and FADH2 are electron carriers that will go on to participate in the electron transport chain. CO2 is a waste product that is released during cellular respiration. GTP is a high-energy molecule that can be used to generate ATP. These products are essential for the efficient production of energy in the form of ATP during cellular respiration.

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  • 15. 

    Metabolism is defined by the sum of all chemical reactions within a living organism. What is right to say concerning anabolism and catabolism?

    • Catabolism refers to chemical reactions that result in the breakdown of more complex organic molecules into simple substances.

    • Catabolic and anabolic reactions usually require energy

    • Anabolism refers to chemical reactions in which complex substances are combined together to form even more complex molecules

    • The energy for chemical reactions is stored in ATP

    • Metabolism is the bigger category that is divided in chemical reactions that release energy and chemical reactions that require energy

    • A, B, and C are correct

    • A, D, and E are correct

    • B and C are correct

    • None is correct

    • All is correct

    Correct Answer
    A. A, D, and E are correct
    Explanation
    Catabolism refers to the breakdown of complex organic molecules into simpler substances, while anabolism refers to the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones. Both catabolic and anabolic reactions require energy. The energy for these reactions is stored in ATP. Therefore, options A, D, and E are correct.

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  • 16. 

    Aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration and fermentation compared.

    • Fermentation can be either aerobic or anaerobic. It releases energy from sugars or other organic molecules by oxidation.

    • Fermentation requires O2

    • NAD+ is being reduced in fermentation, glycolysis and Krebs cycle

    • Aerobic respiration consists of the Krebs Cycle, the Electron Transport Chain (system) and chemiosmosis

    • The final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is an inorganic molecule other than O2 or, rarely, an organic molecule

    • Glycolysis is an aerobic pathway for the oxidation of glucose

    • The total ATP yield is less than in aerobic respiration because only part of the Krebs cycle operates under anaerobic conditions

    • B, E, and F are false

    • B, C, E and G are false

    • All is true

    • All is false

    Correct Answer
    A. B, E, and F are false
    Explanation
    Fermentation can be either aerobic or anaerobic, so it does not require O2. NAD+ is being reduced in fermentation, glycolysis, and the Krebs cycle. Glycolysis is an anaerobic pathway for the oxidation of glucose. Therefore, the correct answer is that B, E, and F are false.

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 20, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Sep 21, 2014
    Quiz Created by
    Pidelsoleil
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