Oceanography Test: How Much You Know? Quiz

The given explanation suggests that the process described involves the release of heat and energy. This is consistent with the process of precipitation, where water vapor in the air condenses into liquid droplets or ice crystals, releasing heat in the process. Therefore, the correct answer is precipitation.

Water is distributed on Earth with 96% of it being present in oceans and only 4% in other sources such as lakes, rivers, groundwater, and ice caps.

Salinity is a measurement of the weight of dissolved solids in the water. The average ocean salinity is 35 ppt, which means that for every 1000 grams of seawater, there are 35 grams of dissolved salts. The two major salts in the ocean are sodium and chloride, which combine to form sodium chloride, also known as table salt. Sodium and chloride ions are abundant in seawater and contribute to its salinity.

Evaporation occurs when molecules steal energy to become water vapor, which in turn takes heat away from the air. This process leads to the air becoming dry. The explanation provided aligns with the concept of evaporation, where the breaking of bonds between water molecules results in the conversion of liquid water into water vapor.

A pycnocline refers to a rapid change in density, while a thermocline refers to a rapid change in temperature. The pycnocline is the layer in a body of water where there is a significant change in density, usually due to variations in salinity. The thermocline, on the other hand, is the layer where there is a rapid change in temperature with depth. These two terms are often used in the context of oceanography and describe important features of the vertical structure of water bodies.

at the surface, phytoplankton are using co2 to make oxygen, so there is a lot of oxygen but not so much co2. the water is mixing with the atmosphere and getting more oxygen. At depths, phytoplankton are not using co2 so it is high, and they are not making oxygen so there is little oxygen.

When precipitation occurs, such as rain or snow, it releases heat and energy into the air. This is because when water vapor condenses and forms droplets or ice crystals, it undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid or solid. During this phase change, energy is released in the form of heat. As a result, the air surrounding the precipitation is warmed.

Surface tension is the force that causes the surface of a liquid to behave like a stretched elastic sheet. Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same substance. In this case, surface tension and cohesion explain why water lingers on the tops of drinking glasses. The water molecules at the surface of the glass are attracted to each other (cohesion) and create a strong surface tension, which prevents the water from easily flowing down the sides of the glass.

The correct answer is "calorie". A calorie is a unit of measurement for energy. In this context, it refers to the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius. Water has a high heat capacity, meaning it requires a significant amount of energy to increase its temperature.

The explanation for the correct answer is that land has a low heat capacity, meaning it can heat up or cool down quickly. On the other hand, the ocean has a high heat capacity, which means it can absorb and store a large amount of heat without experiencing significant temperature changes. This is due to the difference in the composition and physical properties of land and water.

When NaCl bonds with H20, the sodium ion (Na+) bonds with the hydroxide ion (O-), while the chloride ion (Cl-) bonds with the hydrogen ion (H+).

Nonconservative ions are ions that do not follow the rule of constant proportions, meaning their concentration can vary dramatically. These ions participate in chemical reactions and are utilized by biology. They are also easily precipitated out, leading to short residence times and constant recycling.

When carbon dioxide (CO2) mixes with water (H2O), it forms carbonic acid (H2CO3). This reaction is important in maintaining the pH balance of the ocean. Carbonic acid acts as a buffer system, meaning it helps to resist changes in pH. As CO2 levels increase due to human activities, more carbonic acid is formed, leading to ocean acidification. This process prevents the pH of the ocean from changing drastically, which is crucial for the survival of marine organisms and ecosystems.

Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons to achieve a full outer electron shell. In the case of H2O, oxygen (O) needs two electrons to complete its outer shell, while hydrogen (H) needs one. Therefore, they share electrons, forming a covalent bond. The statement also mentions that oxygen has a negative charge and needs to steal electrons, which further supports the idea of electron sharing in a covalent bond.

Salinity decreases when fresh water is being added, run off and precipitation. This is because fresh water dilutes the salt content in the water, reducing the overall salinity. When fresh water is added from sources such as rivers or melting ice, it lowers the concentration of salt in the water. Additionally, run off from land and precipitation also contribute to the introduction of fresh water, further reducing salinity.

Single water molecules are held together by covalent bonds, which are formed by the sharing of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms within a water molecule. Multiple water molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds, which are formed between the positively charged hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the negatively charged oxygen atom of another water molecule.

Evaporation is a process in which a substance changes from its liquid state to a gaseous state. During evaporation, heat and energy are absorbed from the surrounding areas, causing a cooling effect. This is because the molecules of the liquid gain enough energy to overcome the attractive forces and escape into the gas phase, resulting in a decrease in temperature. Therefore, evaporation takes heat and energy from surrounding areas, cooling the air.

Sea water has a pH of around 8, making it slightly basic. This is because sea water contains various dissolved salts, such as magnesium, calcium, and potassium, which can react with water molecules and release hydroxide ions (OH-) into the solution, increasing the pH. Additionally, the presence of carbonates and bicarbonates in sea water also contributes to its basic nature.

Sound travels faster in sea water compared to air because water is denser and has a higher elasticity, allowing sound waves to propagate more quickly. Additionally, sound waves can travel farther in sea water due to its higher density, which helps to carry the sound energy over longer distances.

At depths, where there is more CO2, the water is cold, deep, and under high pressure, which allows it to hold more gas. This increased CO2 leads to higher acidity in the water. The acidity creates a Calcium Carbonate Compensation Depth (CCD), which is the point at which calcium carbonate starts to dissolve. Forams, short for foraminifera, are single-celled organisms that have calcium carbonate shells. Therefore, below the CCD point, the increased acidity causes the forams to dissolve.

Light penetrates water by scattering and absorption. When light encounters water, it can be scattered in different directions by the water molecules and particles suspended in the water. This scattering causes the light to change direction and spread out. Additionally, some of the light can be absorbed by the water molecules, converting the light energy into heat. Both scattering and absorption play a role in how light interacts with water and allows it to penetrate through.

When fresh water is added to a body of water, it dilutes the salt content, resulting in a decrease in salinity. Therefore, the statement "Salinity increases anytime fresh water is being added" is incorrect. The correct answer is "fresh water is being added."