I.E.D. Final Exam Part A (Spring 2014)

Since there are 3 feet in a yard, to convert yards to feet, we need to multiply the number of yards by 3. Therefore, 9.25 yards multiplied by 3 equals 27.75 feet.

Sketching is a type of drawing that is done freehand and without the use of drawing tools. It is a creative and expressive process where an artist or designer uses their hand and pencil to create a visual representation of their ideas or observations. Sketching allows for quick and spontaneous exploration of concepts, and it is often used as a preliminary step in the design process to develop and refine ideas before moving on to more detailed drawings or prototypes. Unlike computer-aided design or prototyping, sketching relies solely on the artist's skill and imagination.

Engineering involves the complex analysis, design, and development of solutions to technical problems. This discipline combines scientific principles with practical knowledge to create innovative solutions for various fields such as civil, mechanical, electrical, and computer engineering. Engineers use their expertise to design and build structures, machines, systems, and technologies that address technical challenges and improve society. Through a combination of theoretical understanding and practical application, engineers develop solutions that are efficient, safe, and sustainable.

The given image is a pie chart. A pie chart is a circular statistical graphic that is divided into slices to represent numerical proportions. Each slice represents a different category or value, and the size of each slice corresponds to the proportion it represents. It is commonly used to display data in a visually appealing and easy-to-understand format, making it useful for comparing different categories or showing the composition of a whole.

The shape pictured on the right is called an ellipse. An ellipse is a closed curve that is symmetric about its center. It is formed by the intersection of a cone and a plane, where the plane cuts the cone at an angle that is not perpendicular to the axis of the cone. Ellipses have two focal points, and the sum of the distances from any point on the curve to the two focal points remains constant.

This answer suggests that an innovation is not necessarily a completely new creation, but rather an enhancement or advancement of something that already exists. It implies that innovation involves improving upon existing technological products, processes, or systems rather than creating something entirely new.

The image is referred to as a line graph because it displays data points connected by lines, which represent the relationship between two variables over a period of time. A line graph is commonly used to show trends and patterns in data, making it a suitable choice for representing information that changes continuously.

A multi-view drawing is a drawing that shows different views of an object projected onto two or more orthographic planes. This type of drawing is used to provide a comprehensive representation of the object, showing its various sides and dimensions. It allows for a detailed understanding of the object's shape and structure from different angles. Cabinet pictorial, cavalier pictorial, and oblique pictorial are all types of pictorial drawings, which represent objects in a more simplified and artistic manner. Therefore, the correct answer is multi-view drawing.

When calculating the density of an irregularly shaped object, scientists and engineers can use liquid displacement to determine the volume of the object. This method involves immersing the object in a liquid and measuring the amount of liquid that is displaced. By subtracting the initial volume of the liquid from the final volume, the volume of the object can be determined. This is because the amount of liquid displaced is equal to the volume of the object. Therefore, liquid displacement is a reliable method for finding the volume of irregularly shaped objects.

When a professional delivers a formal presentation, maintaining eye contact with the audience is important because it helps establish a connection and engage the listeners. Eye contact shows confidence and credibility, and it allows the presenter to gauge the audience's reactions and adjust their delivery accordingly. It also helps in building trust and holding the attention of the audience throughout the presentation. Dressing informally, reading the contents of each PowerPoint slide, or speaking in a monotone voice would not be effective or professional in delivering a formal presentation.

A design brief is a written plan that outlines the problem that needs to be solved, along with its criteria and constraints. It serves as a guide for designers, helping them understand the problem at hand and providing them with the necessary information to come up with a solution. It helps ensure that the design process is focused and aligned with the goals and requirements of the project.

Based on the drawing, the maximum diameter for hole H can be determined by measuring the distance between the two outer edges of the hole. The measurement appears to be closest to .502, indicating that it is the maximum diameter for hole H.

An engineer would use a prototype as a full-scale physical model to demonstrate how a design functions. A prototype is a working model that is built to test and validate the design concept before mass production. It allows engineers to evaluate the functionality, performance, and potential issues of the design, making necessary improvements or adjustments. Prototypes are crucial in the product development process as they provide valuable insights and help ensure that the final product meets the desired specifications and requirements.

The average solution time is calculated by adding up the individual solution times and then dividing by the number of students. In this case, the sum of the solution times is 5 minutes 0 seconds + 4 minutes 32 seconds + 3 minutes 21 seconds + 2 minutes 58 seconds = 15 minutes 51 seconds. Since there are four students, the average solution time is 15 minutes 51 seconds divided by 4, which equals 3 minutes 58 seconds.

To convert the rod length of 67.5 cm to American standard units, we need to find the equivalent measurement in inches. Since 1 inch is equal to 2.54 cm, we can divide 67.5 cm by 2.54 to get the length in inches. This calculation gives us approximately 26.57 inches. Therefore, to get the correct length of 67.5 cm, we should set the manufacturing computer to 26.57 inches.

The placement of dimensions on a working drawing is important to increase clarity and reduce confusion. By placing dimensions in a clear and organized manner, it becomes easier for the reader to understand the measurements and specifications of the drawing. This helps to avoid any misinterpretation or errors in the manufacturing or construction process. Additionally, proper placement of dimensions allows for efficient communication between designers, engineers, and manufacturers, ensuring that the final product meets the desired specifications accurately.

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Annotations often take the form of dimensions, symbols, or notes that are added to a drawing to provide details and give clarity. They help to explain specific features or provide additional information about the drawing. Annotations are commonly used in engineering, architecture, and other technical fields to enhance the understanding of the drawing and ensure accurate interpretation. They play a crucial role in communicating important information and ensuring that the drawing is clear and comprehensive.

The most logical choice for serving as the grounded component in the assembly model of the carabiner would be Part 1. Grounding a component means connecting it to a fixed reference point or electrical ground to ensure stability and safety. In the context of a carabiner, Part 1 is likely the base or anchor point that needs to be securely connected to the ground or another stable structure.

In an assembly model, an adaptive part model will change its size automatically to accommodate the dimensional changes of the parts it is constrained to. This means that if the dimensions of the parts in the assembly change, the adaptive part will adjust its size accordingly to maintain the proper fit and alignment within the assembly.

A designer will often keep a portfolio of his or her best work to show off to prospective clients. A portfolio is a collection of a designer's past projects, showcasing their skills, creativity, and style. It serves as a visual representation of their abilities and helps clients understand the designer's capabilities and expertise. By presenting a portfolio, designers can demonstrate their talent and attract potential clients by providing evidence of their successful past projects.

An isosceles triangle is a triangle that has two sides of equal length and two equal interior angles. This means that two of its sides are equal, and two of its angles are equal. In contrast, an equilateral triangle has all three sides and angles equal, while a scalene triangle has no sides or angles equal. A right triangle has one right angle, but does not necessarily have any sides or angles equal. Therefore, the correct answer is the isosceles triangle.

The question asks for the number of liters that a wooden barrel can hold. To convert milliliters to liters, we divide the number of milliliters by 1000. Therefore, to find the number of liters, we divide 23,439 ml by 1000, which gives us 23.439 L.

A graph of vertical bars representing the frequency distribution of a set of data is called a histogram. Histograms are commonly used in statistics to display the distribution of data and show the frequency of different values or ranges of values. They provide a visual representation of the data's distribution, allowing for easy identification of patterns, outliers, and trends. Unlike a normal distribution, which refers to a specific bell-shaped distribution, a histogram can represent any type of distribution. Therefore, the correct answer is a histogram.

The 1 inch diameter THRU hole dimension shown on the drawing represents the size of the hole. It indicates that the hole should have a diameter of 1 inch.

Quality control is the process that involves gathering and analyzing statistical information on a manufactured product to verify that it conforms to predetermined standards and specifications. This process ensures that the product meets the required quality standards and helps in identifying any defects or deviations from the specifications. Quality control is crucial in maintaining the consistency and reliability of the product, and it plays a significant role in ensuring customer satisfaction.

An engineering notebook is used to formally document, in chronological order, all work associated with a specific design project. It serves as a detailed record of the design process, including ideas, calculations, sketches, test results, and any other relevant information. This allows engineers to track their progress, refer back to previous work, and ensure that all necessary steps are taken to complete the project successfully. A portfolio is a collection of completed projects, a design brief is a concise summary of the project's goals and requirements, and an engineering log is not a commonly used term in this context.

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Density is the physical characteristic needed to determine a part's weight on earth. Density is defined as the mass of an object divided by its volume. Weight, on the other hand, is the force exerted on an object due to gravity. Since weight is directly proportional to mass, and density is a measure of mass per unit volume, knowing the density of a part allows us to calculate its weight on earth. The higher the density of an object, the more it will weigh on earth. Therefore, density is the key physical characteristic for determining weight.

The range is not a measure of central tendency because it does not provide information about the central or typical value of a dataset. Instead, it measures the dispersion or spread of the data by calculating the difference between the maximum and minimum values. Measures of central tendency, such as the mean, median, and mode, are used to describe the central or typical value of a dataset.

Figure 4 is the correct answer because it shows a pictorial sketch that has two vanishing points. In two-point perspective, there are two vanishing points on the horizon line, which creates the illusion of depth and three-dimensionality in the drawing. The other figures do not show this characteristic, indicating that they do not represent a two-point perspective.

Graphs, charts, mock-ups, prototypes, and computer graphics are all visual aids that are used to enhance presentations. These aids are typically used to present information in a visual format, making it easier for the audience to understand and interpret the data being presented. Visual aids can be highly effective in conveying complex information, as they allow for a more engaging and interactive presentation. Therefore, the correct answer is "Visual".

An engine is most likely to serve as a sub-assembly in a 3D CAD model of an entire automobile. This is because an engine is a complex component that consists of various parts and subsystems, such as cylinders, pistons, valves, and crankshafts. These individual parts can be modeled separately and then assembled together to create the complete engine assembly.

The total surface area of a cube can be found by multiplying the length of one side by itself and then multiplying that result by 6, since a cube has 6 equal sides. In this case, the length of one side is given as 3 inches. So, 3 x 3 = 9, and 9 x 6 = 54. Therefore, the total surface area of the 3" cube is 54 square inches.

A general note is a piece of information found in a title block of a part drawing that applies to the entire part. It typically includes details such as the material type and surface finish of the part. This information helps provide important specifications and instructions for manufacturing and assembly processes.

A cabinet pictorial is an oblique pictorial where the depth is represented as half scale but the width and height are full scale. This means that the width and height of the object are shown in their actual size, while the depth is shown at half its actual size. This type of pictorial drawing is commonly used in technical drawings to provide a clear representation of an object's dimensions and proportions.

A cavalier pictorial is an oblique pictorial where all dimensions are full scale. In this type of pictorial, the object is shown with one face parallel to the picture plane, and the other two faces are shown at a 45-degree angle. This allows for a more realistic representation of the object, as all dimensions are accurately represented.

A work plane is a 3D solid modeling feature that is used to establish a two-dimensional drawing surface. In this case, it would be used to create a surface that is tangent to the outside of a sphere. This work plane can then be used as a reference to create a 2D drawing or perform other operations on the sphere.

A design brief would be written during the Problem Identification step of the design process. This is because the design brief outlines the problem or challenge that needs to be addressed through the design process. It provides a clear understanding of the objectives, constraints, and requirements of the design project. By writing the design brief at the beginning, designers can ensure that they have a clear understanding of the problem they are trying to solve and can use it as a guide throughout the rest of the design process.

A full-size clay model of a new car body design would be considered a mock-up. A mock-up is a physical representation or replica of a design, typically created to visualize and evaluate its appearance and functionality before production. In this case, the clay model serves as a tangible representation of the car body design, allowing designers and engineers to assess its aesthetics, proportions, and other physical attributes before moving forward with production.

Color is considered a design element because it plays a crucial role in visual communication and aesthetics. It has the power to evoke emotions, create mood, and attract attention. Color can be used to highlight important elements, create contrast, and establish visual hierarchy. It is an essential tool for designers to convey meaning, enhance visual appeal, and create a cohesive and harmonious design.

Figure 3 could result in the greatest amount of overall width variation because it has the largest range of dimensions. The tolerance for each dimension is ±0.02 inch, so the more dimensions there are, the greater the potential for variation. Figure 3 has more dimensions compared to the other figures, which means there are more opportunities for each dimension to deviate from the specified value, resulting in a greater overall width variation.

A design brief is written during the step of "Defining the Problem" in the design process. This step involves clearly understanding the problem or challenge that needs to be addressed through the design. The design brief outlines the objectives, requirements, and constraints of the project, serving as a guide for the design team. It helps in setting clear goals, understanding the target audience, and establishing the scope of the design project. By defining the problem, the design brief lays the foundation for the subsequent steps in the design process.

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When the pin is joined to the hinge body with an Insert constraint, it will have 1 degree of freedom. This is because the hinge body is grounded, meaning it is fixed in place and cannot move. The pin, being connected to the hinge body, can only rotate around a single axis, hence it has 1 degree of freedom.

The density of a substance is defined as its mass per unit volume. To convert the density from grams per liter (g/L) to pounds per cubic foot (lb/ft³), we need to use conversion factors.

First, we convert grams to pounds by dividing by 453.59237 (since there are 453.59237 grams in a pound).

Next, we convert liters to cubic feet by dividing by 28.3168466 (since there are 28.3168466 liters in a cubic foot).

When we perform these conversions, we find that the density of the plastic is approximately 4.68 lb/ft³.

Orthographic projection is the correct answer because it is a method of representing 3-D objects on a 2-D plane by projecting the object's views onto different planes. This technique shows the object's front, top, and side views separately, allowing for accurate measurement and representation of the object's dimensions. Unlike perspective sketch and oblique sketch, which use techniques to show depth and create a sense of realism, orthographic projection focuses on accurately depicting the object's shape and proportions in a simplified, two-dimensional form. Multi-view drawing is a broader term that encompasses different types of projections, including orthographic projection.

The density of a substance is calculated by dividing its mass by its volume. In this case, the mass of the stone is given as 100.0 g and the volume of water in the graduate cylinder rose from 200.0 ml to 275.0 ml. By subtracting the initial volume from the final volume, we find that the volume of the stone is 75.0 ml. Dividing the mass (100.0 g) by the volume (75.0 ml) gives us a density of 1.33 g/ml.