Allison Martin is a dedicated School Nurse at St. Bernard's School, with over 20 years of invaluable nursing experience. With her strong experience and academic excellence, she ensures that our nursing quizzes are meticulously crafted to reflect the latest advancements and best practices in the field. Holding a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) from Drexel University's College of Nursing and Health Professions, specializing in neuroscience and cardiac care, Allison's commitment to excellence is evident in her professional focus, as she continually strives to provide high-quality care and support to the school community. Additionally, she actively contributes to nursing education by reviewing and refining quizzes, ensuring they align with current standards and promote learning excellence.
, Bachelor Degree, Registered Nurse
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Delve into the core principles of nursing with our Fundamentals of Nursing Quiz. This comprehensive quiz covers essential topics such as patient care, health promotion, infection control, and nursing ethics. Challenge yourself to assess your understanding of fundamental nursing concepts. Whether you're a nursing student, a practicing nurse, or simply interested in healthcare, this quiz offers an opportunity to test your knowledge and deepen your understanding of the foundational aspects of nursing practice. Get ready to sharpen your skills and enhance your proficiency in the art and science of nursing with our engaging quiz!
Fundamentals of Nursing Questions and Answers
1.
Jake is complaining of shortness of breath. The nurse assesses his respiratory rate to be 30 breaths per minute and documents that Jake is tachypneic. The nurse understands that tachypnea means:
A.
Pulse rate greater than 100 beats per minute
B.
Blood pressure of 140/90
C.
Respiratory rate greater than 20 breaths per minute
D.
Frequent bowel sounds
Correct Answer C. Respiratory rate greater than 20 breaths per minute
Explanation A respiratory rate of greater than 20 breaths per minute is tachypnea. A blood pressure of 140/90 is considered hypertension. A pulse greater than 100 beats per minute is tachycardia. Frequent bowel sounds refer to hyperactive bowel sounds.
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2.
The nurse listens to Mrs. Sullen’s lungs and notes a hissing sound or musical sound. The nurse documents this as:
A.
Wheezes
B.
Rhonchi
C.
Gurgles
D.
Vesicular
Correct Answer A. Wheezes
Explanation Wheezes are indicated by continuous, lengthy, musical sounds heard during inspiration or expiration. Rhonchi are usually coarse breath sounds. Gurgles are loud gurgling, bubbling sounds. Vesicular breath sounds are low pitch with soft intensity on expiration.
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3.
The nurse in charge measures a patient’s temperature at 101 degrees F. What is the equivalent centigrade temperature?
A.
36.3 degrees C
B.
38.3 degrees C
C.
40.03 degrees C
D.
38.01 degrees C
Correct Answer B. 38.3 degrees C
Explanation To convert a temperature from Fahrenheit (°F) to Celsius (°C), you can use the following formula:
°C = (°F - 32) / 1.8
In this case, the patient's temperature is 101 degrees Fahrenheit (°F):
°C = (101°F - 32) / 1.8
°C = (69°F) / 1.8
°C ≈ 38.33
So, the equivalent temperature in degrees Celsius is approximately 38.33°C.
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4.
Which approach to problem-solving tests any number of solutions until one is found that works for that particular problem?
A.
Intuition
B.
Routine
C.
Scientific method
D.
Trial and error
Correct Answer D. Trial and error
Explanation The trial and error method of problem-solving isn’t systematic (as in the scientific method of problem-solving) routine, or based on inner prompting (as in the intuitive method of problem-solving).
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5.
What is the order of the nursing process?
A.
Assessing, diagnosing, implementing, evaluating, and planning
B.
Diagnosing, assessing, planning, implementing, and evaluating
C.
Assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, and evaluating
D.
Planning, evaluating, diagnosing, assessing, and implementing
Correct Answer C. Assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, and evaluating
Explanation The correct order of the nursing process is assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, evaluating.
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6.
During the planning phase of the nursing process, which of the following is the outcome?
A.
Nursing history
B.
Nursing notes
C.
Nursing care plan
D.
Nursing diagnosis
Correct Answer C. Nursing care plan
Explanation The outcome or the product of the planning phase of the nursing process is a Nursing care plan.
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7.
What is an example of a subjective data?
A.
Heart rate of 68 beats per minute
B.
Yellowish sputum
C.
Client verbalized, “I feel pain when urinating.”
D.
Noisy breathing
Correct Answer C. Client verbalized, “I feel pain when urinating.”
Explanation Subjective data are those that can be described only by the person experiencing it. Therefore, only the patient can describe or verify whether he is experiencing pain or not.
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8.
Which expected outcome is correctly written?
A.
“The patient will feel less nauseated in 24 hours.”
B.
“The patient will eat the right amount of food daily.”
C.
“The patient will identify all the high-salt food from a prepared list by discharge.”
D.
“The patient will have enough sleep.”
Correct Answer C. “The patient will identify all the high-salt food from a prepared list by discharge.”
Explanation Expected outcomes are specific, measurable, realistic statements of goal attainment. The phrases “right amount”, “less nauseated” and “enough sleep” are vague and not measurable.
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9.
Which of the following behaviors by Nurse Jane Robles demonstrates that she understands well the elements of effecting charting?
A.
She signs her charting as follows: J.R
B.
She writes in the chart using a no. 2 pencils.
C.
She noted: appetite is good this afternoon.
D.
She signs on the medication sheet after administering the medication.
Correct Answer D. She signs on the medication sheet after administering the medication.
Explanation A nurse should record a nursing intervention (ex. Giving medications) after performing the nursing intervention (not before). The recording should also be done using a pen, complete, and signed with the nurse’s full name and title.
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10.
What is the disadvantage of computerized documentation of the nursing process?
A.
Accuracy
B.
Legibility
C.
Concern for privacy
D.
Rapid communication
Correct Answer C. Concern for privacy
Explanation A patient’s privacy may be violated if security measures aren’t used properly or if policies and procedures aren’t in the place that determines what type of information can be retrieved, by whom, and for what purpose.
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11.
The theorist who believes that adaptation and manipulation of stressors are related to fostering change is:
A.
Dorothea Orem
B.
Sister Callista Roy
C.
Imogene King
D.
Virginia Henderson
Correct Answer B. Sister Callista Roy
Explanation Sister Roy’s theory is called the adaptation theory, and she viewed each person as a unified biophysical system in constant interaction with a changing environment. Orem’s theory is called self-care deficit theory and is based on the belief that an individual has a need for self-care actions. King’s theory is the Goal attainment theory and describes nursing as a helping profession that assists individuals and groups in society to attain, maintain, and restore health. Henderson introduced the nature of the nursing model and identified the 14 basic needs.
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12.
Formulating a nursing diagnosis is a joint function of:
A.
Patient and relatives
B.
Nurse and patient
C.
Doctor and family
D.
Nurse and doctor
Correct Answer B. Nurse and patient
Explanation Although diagnosing is the nurse’s responsibility, input from the patient is essential to formulate the correct nursing diagnosis.
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13.
Mrs. Caperlac has been diagnosed with hypertension 10 years ago. Since then, she has maintained a low-sodium, low-fat diet to control her blood pressure. This practice is viewed as:
A.
Cultural belief
B.
Personal belief
C.
Health belief
D.
Superstitious belief
Correct Answer C. Health belief
Explanation The health beliefs of an individual influence his/her preventive health behavior.
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14.
Becky has been NPO since midnight in preparation for a blood test. The adreno-cortical response is activated. Which of the following is an expected response?
A.
Low blood pressure
B.
Warm, dry skin
C.
Decreased serum sodium levels
D.
Decreased urine output
Correct Answer D. Decreased urine output
Explanation The adrenocortical response involves the release of aldosterone that leads to retention of sodium and water. This results in decreased urine output.
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15.
What nursing action is appropriate when obtaining a sterile urine specimen from an indwelling catheter to prevent infection?
A.
Use sterile gloves when obtaining urine.
B.
Open the drainage bag and pour out the urine.
C.
Disconnect the catheter from the tubing and get urine.
D.
Aspirate urine from the tubing port using a sterile syringe.
Correct Answer D. Aspirate urine from the tubing port using a sterile syringe.
Explanation The nurse should aspirate the urine from the port using a sterile syringe to obtain a urine specimen. Opening a closed drainage system increases the risk of urinary tract infection.
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16.
A client is receiving 115 ml/hr of continuous IVF. The nurse noticed that the venipuncture site was red and swollen. Which of the following interventions would the nurse perform first?
A.
Stop the infusion
B.
Call the attending physician
C.
Slow that infusion to 20 ml/hr
D.
Place a clod towel on the site
Correct Answer A. Stop the infusion
Explanation The signs and symptoms indicate extravasation, so the IVF should be stopped immediately and put a warm, not cold towel on the affected site.
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17.
The nurse enters the room to give a prescribed medication but the patient is inside the bathroom. What should the nurse do?
A.
Leave the medication at the bedside and leave the room.
B.
After a few minutes, return to that patient’s room and do not leave until the patient takes the medication.
C.
Instruct the patient to take the medication and leave it at the bedside.
D.
Wait for the patient to return to bed and just leave the medication at the bedside.
Correct Answer B. After a few minutes, return to that patient’s room and do not leave until the patient takes the medication.
Explanation This is to verify or to make sure that the medication was taken by the patient as directed.
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18.
Which of the following is inappropriate nursing action when administering NGT feeding?
A.
Place the feeding 20 inches above the pint if insertion of NGT.
B.
Introduce the feeding slowly.
C.
Instill 60ml of water into the NGT after feeding.
D.
Assist the patient in Fowler’s position.
Correct Answer A. Place the feeding 20 inches above the pint if insertion of NGT.
Explanation The height of the feeding is about 12 inches above the point of insertion, about 20 inches. If the height of feeding is too high, this results in a very rapid introduction of feeding. This may trigger nausea and vomiting.
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19.
A female patient is being discharged after thyroidectomy. After providing the medication teaching. The nurse asks the patient to repeat the instructions. The nurse is performing which professional role?
A.
Manager
B.
Caregiver
C.
Patient advocate
D.
Educator
Correct Answer D. Educator
Explanation When teaching a patient about medications before discharge, the nurse is acting as an educator. A caregiver provides direct care to the patient. The nurse acts as a patient advocate when making the patient’s wishes known to the doctor.
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20.
Which data would be of greatest concern to the nurse when completing the nursing assessment of a 68-year-old woman hospitalized due to Pneumonia?
A.
Oriented to date, time and place.
B.
Clear breath sounds.
C.
Capillary refill greater than 3 seconds and buccal cyanosis.
D.
Hemoglobin of 13 g/dl.
Correct Answer C. Capillary refill greater than 3 seconds and buccal cyanosis.
Explanation Capillary refill greater than 3 seconds and buccal cyanosis indicate decreased oxygen to the tissues which require immediate attention/intervention. Oriented to date, time, and place, hemoglobin of 13 g/dl is normal data.
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21.
During a change-of-shift report, it would be important for the nurse relinquishing responsibility for the care of the patient to communicate. Which of the following facts to the nurse assuming responsibility for the care of the patient?
A.
The patient verbalized, “My headache is gone.”
B.
The patient’s barium enema performed 3 days ago was negative.
C.
The patient’s NGT was removed 2 hours ago
D.
The patient’s family came for a visit this morning.
Correct Answer C. The patient’s NGT was removed 2 hours ago
Explanation The change-of-shift report should indicate significant recent changes in the patient’s condition that the nurse assuming responsibility for the care of the patient will need to monitor. The other options are not critical enough to include in the report.
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22.
Which statement is the most appropriate goal for a nursing diagnosis of diarrhea?
A.
“The patient will experience a decreased frequency of bowel elimination.”
B.
“The patient will take anti-diarrheal medication.”
C.
“The patient will give a stool specimen for laboratory examinations.”
D.
“The patient will save urine for inspection by the nurse.
Correct Answer A. “The patient will experience a decreased frequency of bowel elimination.”
Explanation The goal is the opposite, healthy response to the problem statement of the nursing diagnosis. In this situation, the problem statement is diarrhea.
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23.
Which of the following is the most important purpose of planning care with this patient?
A.
Development of a standardized NCP.
B.
Expansion of the current taxonomy of nursing diagnosis.
C.
Making of individualized patient care.
D.
Incorporation of both nursing and medical diagnoses in patient care.
Correct Answer C. Making of individualized patient care.
Explanation To be effective, the nursing care plan developed in the planning phase of the nursing process must reflect the individualized needs of the patient.
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24.
Using Maslow’s hierarchy of basic human needs, which of the following nursing diagnoses has the highest priority?
A.
Ineffective breathing pattern related to pain, as evidenced by shortness of breath.
B.
Anxiety related to impending surgery, as evidenced by insomnia.
C.
Risk of injury related to autoimmune dysfunction.
D.
Impaired verbal communication related to tracheostomy, as evidenced by the inability to speak.
Correct Answer A. Ineffective breathing pattern related to pain, as evidenced by shortness of breath.
Explanation Physiologic needs (ex. Oxygen, fluids, nutrition) must be met before lower needs (such as safety and security, love and belongingness, self-esteem and self-actualization) can be met. Therefore, physiologic needs to have the highest priority.
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25.
When performing an abdominal examination, the patient should be in a supine position with the head of the bed at what position?
A.
30 degrees
B.
90 degrees
C.
45 degrees
D.
0 degree
Correct Answer D. 0 degree
Explanation The patient should be positioned with the head of the bed completely flattened to perform an abdominal examination. If the head of the bed is elevated, the abdominal muscles and organs can be bunched up, altering the findings.
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26.
During the planning phase of the nursing process, which of the following is the outcome?
A.
Nursing history
B.
Nursing notes
C.
Nursing care plan
D.
Nursing diagnosis
Correct Answer C. Nursing care plan
Explanation The outcome or the product of the planning phase of the nursing process is a Nursing care plan.
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Allison Martin |Bachelor Degree, Registered Nurse|
Nursing Expert
Allison Martin is a dedicated School Nurse at St. Bernard's School, with over 20 years of invaluable nursing experience. With her strong experience and academic excellence, she ensures that our nursing quizzes are meticulously crafted to reflect the latest advancements and best practices in the field. Holding a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) from Drexel University's College of Nursing and Health Professions, specializing in neuroscience and cardiac care, Allison's commitment to excellence is evident in her professional focus, as she continually strives to provide high-quality care and support to the school community. Additionally, she actively contributes to nursing education by reviewing and refining quizzes, ensuring they align with current standards and promote learning excellence.
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