Nurse Bowel Elimination Quiz

1. True or False:
The difference between fecal impaction and constipation is that constipation is slow moving stool who's water is reabsorbed by the body. Fecal impaction on the other hand is stool that is "stuck"

The statement is true. Fecal impaction refers to a condition where stool becomes hard and dry, making it difficult to pass. It is often caused by chronic constipation and can lead to a blockage in the colon. On the other hand, constipation is a condition where bowel movements are infrequent or difficult to pass. It occurs when the stool moves slowly through the digestive tract, allowing more water to be absorbed by the body, resulting in dry and hard stool. Therefore, the main difference between fecal impaction and constipation is that fecal impaction refers to a severe form of constipation where the stool is stuck and cannot be passed easily.

Explanation

The statement is true. Fecal impaction refers to a condition where stool becomes hard and dry, making it difficult to pass. It is often caused by chronic constipation and can lead to a blockage in the colon. On the other hand, constipation is a condition where bowel movements are infrequent or difficult to pass. It occurs when the stool moves slowly through the digestive tract, allowing more water to be absorbed by the body, resulting in dry and hard stool. Therefore, the main difference between fecal impaction and constipation is that fecal impaction refers to a severe form of constipation where the stool is stuck and cannot be passed easily.

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2. True or false:
The order to scheduling diagnostic tests is:
fecal occult blood tests, barium studies, endoscopic examination

The correct answer is true. The order to scheduling diagnostic tests is typically fecal occult blood tests, followed by barium studies, and then endoscopic examination. This sequence allows for a systematic approach to diagnosing gastrointestinal disorders, starting with a non-invasive test (fecal occult blood tests) to screen for blood in the stool, followed by barium studies to visualize the gastrointestinal tract, and finally an endoscopic examination to directly visualize the inside of the digestive system. This order helps to ensure a thorough evaluation and accurate diagnosis.

Explanation

The correct answer is true. The order to scheduling diagnostic tests is typically fecal occult blood tests, followed by barium studies, and then endoscopic examination. This sequence allows for a systematic approach to diagnosing gastrointestinal disorders, starting with a non-invasive test (fecal occult blood tests) to screen for blood in the stool, followed by barium studies to visualize the gastrointestinal tract, and finally an endoscopic examination to directly visualize the inside of the digestive system. This order helps to ensure a thorough evaluation and accurate diagnosis.

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6. _______ is the direct visual examination of body organs or cavities.

Option 1

Endoscopy

Option 3

Option 4

Endoscopy is the direct visual examination of body organs or cavities. This medical procedure involves inserting a flexible tube with a light and camera at its tip into the body through natural openings or small incisions. It allows doctors to view and diagnose conditions inside the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, or urinary system, without the need for invasive surgery. Endoscopy is commonly used to detect and treat various diseases and conditions, including ulcers, polyps, tumors, and inflammation. It provides valuable information for accurate diagnosis and helps guide appropriate treatment options.

Explanation

Endoscopy is the direct visual examination of body organs or cavities. This medical procedure involves inserting a flexible tube with a light and camera at its tip into the body through natural openings or small incisions. It allows doctors to view and diagnose conditions inside the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, or urinary system, without the need for invasive surgery. Endoscopy is commonly used to detect and treat various diseases and conditions, including ulcers, polyps, tumors, and inflammation. It provides valuable information for accurate diagnosis and helps guide appropriate treatment options.

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11. What is the prolonged retention or an accumulation of fecal material that forms a hardened mass in the rectum, that prevents the passage of normal stools.

Fecal impaction refers to the prolonged retention or accumulation of hardened fecal material in the rectum, which obstructs the passage of normal stools. This condition occurs when stool becomes dry and compacted, making it difficult to pass. Fecal impaction can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, abdominal pain, bloating, and difficulty in bowel movements. Treatment usually involves softening the stool with medications or enemas, and in severe cases, manual removal of the impacted feces may be necessary.

Explanation

Fecal impaction refers to the prolonged retention or accumulation of hardened fecal material in the rectum, which obstructs the passage of normal stools. This condition occurs when stool becomes dry and compacted, making it difficult to pass. Fecal impaction can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, abdominal pain, bloating, and difficulty in bowel movements. Treatment usually involves softening the stool with medications or enemas, and in severe cases, manual removal of the impacted feces may be necessary.

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12. What is the part of the ostomy that is attached to the skin?

The part of the ostomy that is attached to the skin is called the stoma. A stoma is a surgically created opening in the body that allows waste to pass out of the body when the normal route is not possible. It is usually located on the abdomen and is connected to a bag or pouch that collects the waste. The stoma is attached to the skin through a process called stoma care, which involves cleaning and protecting the area around the stoma to prevent infections and other complications.

Explanation

The part of the ostomy that is attached to the skin is called the stoma. A stoma is a surgically created opening in the body that allows waste to pass out of the body when the normal route is not possible. It is usually located on the abdomen and is connected to a bag or pouch that collects the waste. The stoma is attached to the skin through a process called stoma care, which involves cleaning and protecting the area around the stoma to prevent infections and other complications.

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13. Onions have a

Laxative effect

Constipating effect

Gas-producing effect

It depends

Onions have a gas-producing effect because they contain a high amount of fructans, which are a type of carbohydrate that some people find difficult to digest. When these fructans reach the large intestine, they are fermented by bacteria, leading to the production of gas. This can cause bloating, discomfort, and flatulence in individuals who are sensitive to fructans.

Explanation

Onions have a gas-producing effect because they contain a high amount of fructans, which are a type of carbohydrate that some people find difficult to digest. When these fructans reach the large intestine, they are fermented by bacteria, leading to the production of gas. This can cause bloating, discomfort, and flatulence in individuals who are sensitive to fructans.

14. Cabbage has a

Laxative effect

Constipating effect

Gas-producing effect

It depends

Cabbage has a gas-producing effect because it contains certain carbohydrates that are not fully digested in the small intestine. These undigested carbohydrates then reach the large intestine where they are fermented by bacteria, leading to the production of gas. This can cause bloating and flatulence in some individuals.

Explanation

Cabbage has a gas-producing effect because it contains certain carbohydrates that are not fully digested in the small intestine. These undigested carbohydrates then reach the large intestine where they are fermented by bacteria, leading to the production of gas. This can cause bloating and flatulence in some individuals.

15. Patients with reduced _____ or ______ in their diets are at high risk for constipations.

Fiber, fluid

Starch, fluid

Glucose, fiber

Vitamins, minerals

Patients with reduced fiber or fluid in their diets are at high risk for constipation. Fiber adds bulk to the stool and helps it move through the digestive system more easily, preventing constipation. Fluids, especially water, help soften the stool and make it easier to pass. Therefore, a lack of fiber and fluid in the diet can lead to constipation.

Explanation

Patients with reduced fiber or fluid in their diets are at high risk for constipation. Fiber adds bulk to the stool and helps it move through the digestive system more easily, preventing constipation. Fluids, especially water, help soften the stool and make it easier to pass. Therefore, a lack of fiber and fluid in the diet can lead to constipation.

16. In what order should one perform an abdominal assessment?

Auscultation, inspection, percussion, palpation

Percussion, palpation, auscultation, inspection

Inspection, percussion, auscultation, palpation

Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation

Inspection, percussion, palpation, auscultation

Palpation may distrub normal peristalsis and bowel movement (p. 1560)

Explanation

Palpation may distrub normal peristalsis and bowel movement (p. 1560)

17. Cauliflower has a

Laxative effect

Constipating effect

Gas-producing efffect

It depends

Cauliflower has a gas-producing effect because it contains certain carbohydrates that are difficult to digest. These carbohydrates can ferment in the gut, leading to the production of gas. This can cause bloating and discomfort in some individuals.

Explanation

Cauliflower has a gas-producing effect because it contains certain carbohydrates that are difficult to digest. These carbohydrates can ferment in the gut, leading to the production of gas. This can cause bloating and discomfort in some individuals.

18. What is the term used to descibe the technique of "bearing down" when passing a bowel movement?

Valsalva maneuver

Hemorrhoids

Defecation

Bowel elimination

p. 1555

Explanation

p. 1555

19. Alcohol and coffee have a...

Laxative effect

Constipating effect

Gas-producing effect

It depends

p. 1557

Explanation

p. 1557

Submit

21. ___ ____ ___ tests are used to detect gastrointestinal bleeding

Cell occult blood

ELISA

Fecal occult blood

PCR

Fecal occult blood tests are used to detect gastrointestinal bleeding. These tests are designed to identify small amounts of blood in the stool that may not be visible to the naked eye. This can be an indication of various gastrointestinal conditions such as ulcers, polyps, or colorectal cancer. The test involves collecting a stool sample and analyzing it for the presence of blood using chemical reagents or immunological methods. By detecting occult blood, these tests can help in the early diagnosis and monitoring of gastrointestinal bleeding.

Explanation

Fecal occult blood tests are used to detect gastrointestinal bleeding. These tests are designed to identify small amounts of blood in the stool that may not be visible to the naked eye. This can be an indication of various gastrointestinal conditions such as ulcers, polyps, or colorectal cancer. The test involves collecting a stool sample and analyzing it for the presence of blood using chemical reagents or immunological methods. By detecting occult blood, these tests can help in the early diagnosis and monitoring of gastrointestinal bleeding.

22. A dark or purple-blue stoma may indicate compromised ____ or ischemia.

A dark or purple-blue stoma may indicate compromised circulation or ischemia. This means that there may be a restriction or blockage in the blood flow to the stoma, leading to inadequate oxygen and nutrient supply. This can result in tissue damage and discoloration. Monitoring the color of the stoma can help identify potential circulation issues and prompt appropriate medical intervention to prevent further complications.

Explanation

A dark or purple-blue stoma may indicate compromised circulation or ischemia. This means that there may be a restriction or blockage in the blood flow to the stoma, leading to inadequate oxygen and nutrient supply. This can result in tissue damage and discoloration. Monitoring the color of the stoma can help identify potential circulation issues and prompt appropriate medical intervention to prevent further complications.

Submit

23. Chocolate has a....

Laxative effect

Constipating effect

Gas-producing effect

It depends

p. 1557

Explanation

p. 1557

Submit

25. Certain fruits and vegetables and bran have a...

Laxative effect

Constipating effect

Gas-producing effect

It depends

p. 1557

Explanation

p. 1557

26. Which of the following is a reason for using a cleansing enema:

Help establish regular bowel function during bowel training

Relieve constipation

Relieve fecal impaction

Promote vizualization of the intestinal tract by radiographic or instrument examination

All of the above

p. 1573

Explanation

p. 1573

27. The primary organ of bowel elimination is...

Small intestine

Stomach

Rectum

Large Intestine

(p. 1553)

Explanation

(p. 1553)

28. A ____ permits forced feces in the large intestine to exti through the stoma.

A colostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening called a stoma on the abdomen, allowing feces from the large intestine to exit the body. This procedure is typically performed when there is a need to bypass or remove a damaged or diseased section of the colon or rectum. The stoma is connected to a bag that collects the waste, providing an alternative route for feces to leave the body.

Explanation

A colostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening called a stoma on the abdomen, allowing feces from the large intestine to exit the body. This procedure is typically performed when there is a need to bypass or remove a damaged or diseased section of the colon or rectum. The stoma is connected to a bag that collects the waste, providing an alternative route for feces to leave the body.

Submit

29. Which of the following is not a muscle used to create pressure in aiding in defecation?

Thigh muscles

Abdominal muscles

Diaphragm

Pectoral muscles

(p. 1555)

Explanation

(p. 1555)

30. When seating a patient in bed to use a bed pan, situate the head of the bed between ____ and ____ degrees.

30; 90

30; 45

45; 90

45; 55

30; 55

p. 1567

Explanation

p. 1567

31. An ostomy in which no matter reaches the colon is known as a:

An ileostomy is a type of ostomy where the small intestine is brought to the surface of the abdomen to create a stoma. In this type of ostomy, no matter reaches the colon because the colon is bypassed entirely. The waste products from digestion are eliminated through the stoma and collected in a pouch attached to the abdomen. This can be necessary in cases where the colon is diseased or damaged and needs to be bypassed for proper elimination of waste.

Explanation

An ileostomy is a type of ostomy where the small intestine is brought to the surface of the abdomen to create a stoma. In this type of ostomy, no matter reaches the colon because the colon is bypassed entirely. The waste products from digestion are eliminated through the stoma and collected in a pouch attached to the abdomen. This can be necessary in cases where the colon is diseased or damaged and needs to be bypassed for proper elimination of waste.

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32. Which of the following is true

The sympathetic nervous system promotes movements relating to bowel

The parasympathetic nervous system inhibits movements relating to bowel

Peristalsis is the contractions of circular and longitudinal muscles of the intestine and occur every 3 to 12 minutes

Hemorrhoids are if the arteries in the rectum become abnormally distended

Sympathetic nervous system inhibits bowel movements. Parasympathetic nervous system relaxes the body and promotes bowel lmovements. Hemorrhoids are related to the VEINS of the rectum becoming abnormally distended (p. 1554)

Explanation

Sympathetic nervous system inhibits bowel movements. Parasympathetic nervous system relaxes the body and promotes bowel lmovements. Hemorrhoids are related to the VEINS of the rectum becoming abnormally distended (p. 1554)

33. What allows liquid fecal contents from the small intestine to be eliminated through the stoma?

An ileostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening, called a stoma, in the abdominal wall. This allows liquid fecal contents from the small intestine to be eliminated through the stoma. The procedure is typically done when the colon or rectum is removed or bypassed, and it diverts the flow of waste products out of the body, bypassing the natural route through the anus. This helps individuals who have certain medical conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease or colorectal cancer, to manage their bowel movements effectively.

Explanation

An ileostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening, called a stoma, in the abdominal wall. This allows liquid fecal contents from the small intestine to be eliminated through the stoma. The procedure is typically done when the colon or rectum is removed or bypassed, and it diverts the flow of waste products out of the body, bypassing the natural route through the anus. This helps individuals who have certain medical conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease or colorectal cancer, to manage their bowel movements effectively.

Submit

34. Which of the following accurately describe constipation?

Changes in place can lead to consitpation

When the feces remain in the rectum, water is reabsorbed, makming the stool hard

Constipation is often a chronic problem for older adults

Dietary manipulation is the initial treatment for constipation

All of the above

p. 1556

Explanation

p. 1556

35. Bright-red blood in stool is an indicator of __________ bleeding, such as from _________ or polyps.

Upper gastrointestinal; peptic ulcer

Lower gastrointestinal; peptic ulcer

Upper gastrointestinal; hemorrhoids

Lower gastrointestinal; hemorrhoids

Upper gastrointestinal; hernia

(p. 1563)

Explanation

(p. 1563)

36. Which psychological condition makes patients at high risk for constipation?

Lack of sleep

Drugs

Depression

None of the above

Depression can make patients at high risk for constipation. Depression is a psychological condition that affects the brain and can disrupt the normal functioning of the digestive system. It can lead to a decrease in bowel movements and slower transit time in the intestines, resulting in constipation. Additionally, depression can also cause changes in appetite and eating patterns, which can further contribute to constipation. Therefore, depression can be a significant factor in increasing the risk of constipation in patients.

Explanation

Depression can make patients at high risk for constipation. Depression is a psychological condition that affects the brain and can disrupt the normal functioning of the digestive system. It can lead to a decrease in bowel movements and slower transit time in the intestines, resulting in constipation. Additionally, depression can also cause changes in appetite and eating patterns, which can further contribute to constipation. Therefore, depression can be a significant factor in increasing the risk of constipation in patients.

Submit

38. When preserving a specimen en-route to the laboratory, the most efficient method is:

Preservatives

Heat

Refrigeration

Freezing

Putting the specimen on ice

p. 1563

Explanation

p. 1563

39. A fecal incontience ____ is a device that can be secured around the anal opening and is attached to gravity drainage, allowing liquid stool (diarrhea) to accumulate in a collection bag

A fecal incontinence pouch is a device that can be secured around the anal opening and is attached to gravity drainage, allowing liquid stool (diarrhea) to accumulate in a collection bag. This pouch provides a means of managing fecal incontinence by collecting and containing the liquid stool, preventing it from soiling clothing or causing embarrassment for the individual. It is a practical solution for individuals who experience difficulty controlling bowel movements and need a discreet and convenient method of managing their condition.

Explanation

A fecal incontinence pouch is a device that can be secured around the anal opening and is attached to gravity drainage, allowing liquid stool (diarrhea) to accumulate in a collection bag. This pouch provides a means of managing fecal incontinence by collecting and containing the liquid stool, preventing it from soiling clothing or causing embarrassment for the individual. It is a practical solution for individuals who experience difficulty controlling bowel movements and need a discreet and convenient method of managing their condition.

Submit

40. What refers to the emptying of te large intestine?

Defecation

Stool

Bowel movement

A and C

All of the above

Defecation refers to the emptying of the large intestine (p. 1555). Defecation is the process of bowel elimination; a bowel movement (p. 1554)

Explanation

Defecation refers to the emptying of the large intestine (p. 1555). Defecation is the process of bowel elimination; a bowel movement (p. 1554)

41. Which of the following is the definition of intestinal gas?

Flatulence

Fart

Flatus

Fleetus

p. 1555

Explanation

p. 1555

42. A colostomy in the mid-right side of abdomen is what kind of colostomy?

An ascending colostomy is a surgical procedure in which the colon is brought to the surface of the abdomen on the mid-right side. This allows stool to bypass a diseased or blocked portion of the colon and exit through an opening called a stoma. This type of colostomy is specifically located on the mid-right side of the abdomen, as mentioned in the question.

Explanation

An ascending colostomy is a surgical procedure in which the colon is brought to the surface of the abdomen on the mid-right side. This allows stool to bypass a diseased or blocked portion of the colon and exit through an opening called a stoma. This type of colostomy is specifically located on the mid-right side of the abdomen, as mentioned in the question.

Submit

44. The large intestine in adults is approximately how long?

2 ft

4 ft

5 ft

7 ft

12 ft

p. 1553

Explanation

p. 1553

45. Which of the following is a sign of fecal impaction?

Liquid fecal seepage with passage of normal feces

Solid fecal seepage

Constipation

Liquid fecal seepage with no passage of normal feces

None of the above

p. 1575

Explanation

p. 1575

46. A stomy on the center-left side of the abdmoment suggests a:

A stoma on the center-left side of the abdomen suggests a descending colostomy. This type of colostomy involves bringing the end of the descending colon to the surface of the abdomen, creating a stoma. The descending colon is located on the left side of the abdomen, so a stoma in this area indicates a descending colostomy. This procedure is commonly performed to divert the fecal flow in cases of colorectal diseases or obstructions.

Explanation

A stoma on the center-left side of the abdomen suggests a descending colostomy. This type of colostomy involves bringing the end of the descending colon to the surface of the abdomen, creating a stoma. The descending colon is located on the left side of the abdomen, so a stoma in this area indicates a descending colostomy. This procedure is commonly performed to divert the fecal flow in cases of colorectal diseases or obstructions.

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47. ______ cause pink to red to black stools

The consumption of certain foods or medications can cause pink to red to black stools. Foods like beets, red gelatin, or red drinks can cause a temporary change in stool color. Additionally, certain medications like iron supplements or bismuth subsalicylate (found in Pepto-Bismol) can also lead to dark or black stools. This change in color is usually harmless and resolves on its own once the food or medication is no longer being consumed.

Explanation

The consumption of certain foods or medications can cause pink to red to black stools. Foods like beets, red gelatin, or red drinks can cause a temporary change in stool color. Additionally, certain medications like iron supplements or bismuth subsalicylate (found in Pepto-Bismol) can also lead to dark or black stools. This change in color is usually harmless and resolves on its own once the food or medication is no longer being consumed.

Submit

49. Which of the following is false about bowel training programs?

For patients with a history of chornic constipation

Affects themes within the patients control

Can involve food and drink

Time for defecation is to be taken into consideration

None of the above

p. 1578

Explanation

p. 1578

50. Diarrhea is a _________ response with the cause is irritants in the intestinal tract.

Diarrhea is a protective response because it helps to eliminate irritants in the intestinal tract. When the body detects the presence of harmful substances, it triggers increased bowel movements to flush out the irritants and prevent further damage or infection. This response is considered protective because it helps to maintain the health and integrity of the digestive system by getting rid of potentially harmful substances.

Explanation

Diarrhea is a protective response because it helps to eliminate irritants in the intestinal tract. When the body detects the presence of harmful substances, it triggers increased bowel movements to flush out the irritants and prevent further damage or infection. This response is considered protective because it helps to maintain the health and integrity of the digestive system by getting rid of potentially harmful substances.

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51. Which of the following is not a type of direct visualization study

Upper gastrointestinal study

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Colonoscopy

Sigmoidoscopy

Wireless capsule endoscopy

An upper gastrointestinal study is not a type of direct visualization study. Direct visualization studies involve the use of medical devices to directly visualize the internal organs or structures of the body. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and wireless capsule endoscopy are all examples of direct visualization studies as they involve the use of endoscopes or cameras to directly visualize the gastrointestinal tract. However, an upper gastrointestinal study typically involves the use of contrast agents and X-rays to visualize the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract, rather than direct visualization with a camera or endoscope.

Explanation

An upper gastrointestinal study is not a type of direct visualization study. Direct visualization studies involve the use of medical devices to directly visualize the internal organs or structures of the body. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and wireless capsule endoscopy are all examples of direct visualization studies as they involve the use of endoscopes or cameras to directly visualize the gastrointestinal tract. However, an upper gastrointestinal study typically involves the use of contrast agents and X-rays to visualize the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract, rather than direct visualization with a camera or endoscope.

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53. Which of the following is true?

Breast-fed infants usually pass 1-2 stools per day

Bottle-fed infants usually pass 2-10 stools per day

Daytime bowel control is normally attained by 30 months

Psychological maturity is the first priority for successful bowel training

p. 1556

Explanation

p. 1556

54. At what age are the internal and external anal sphincters fully developed, leading to the voluntary control of defecation?

12-26 months

30 months

18-30 months

28 months

18-24 months

p. 1556

Explanation

p. 1556

55. Hypotonic and isotonic enemas are

Large volume enemas that result in slow colonic emptying.

Large volume enemas that result in rapid colonic emptying.

Small volume enemas that result in slow colonic emptying.

Small volume enemas that result in rapid colonic emptying

p. 1573

Explanation

p. 1573

56. Bowel incontinence can be due to:

Mental illness

Overuse of laxitives

Organic disease

A and C

B and C

Bowel incontience is usually an organic diease, resulting either in a mechanical condition that hinderes the prper functioning of the anal sphincter or an impairment in the nerve supply to the anal sphincter. Mental illness may also be a cause of bowel incontience. (p. 1577)

Explanation

Bowel incontience is usually an organic diease, resulting either in a mechanical condition that hinderes the prper functioning of the anal sphincter or an impairment in the nerve supply to the anal sphincter. Mental illness may also be a cause of bowel incontience. (p. 1577)

57. _____ _____ cause black stool and severe constipation

Iron salts can cause black stool and severe constipation. Iron supplements are commonly prescribed to treat iron deficiency anemia, but they can have side effects such as darkening of stool. This occurs because iron can react with certain compounds in the digestive system, resulting in the formation of dark-colored compounds. Additionally, iron supplements can cause constipation by slowing down the movement of the intestines and reducing stool frequency. Therefore, it is important to use iron salts under medical supervision and follow the recommended dosage to minimize these side effects.

Explanation

Iron salts can cause black stool and severe constipation. Iron supplements are commonly prescribed to treat iron deficiency anemia, but they can have side effects such as darkening of stool. This occurs because iron can react with certain compounds in the digestive system, resulting in the formation of dark-colored compounds. Additionally, iron supplements can cause constipation by slowing down the movement of the intestines and reducing stool frequency. Therefore, it is important to use iron salts under medical supervision and follow the recommended dosage to minimize these side effects.

Submit

58. When having diarrhea, if oral intake is possible, the patient should be advised to avoid: highly spiced foods, _____ fruits and vegetables, rich foods, especially _______, and _______ foods.

p. 1569, p. 1571

Explanation

p. 1569, p. 1571

Submit

59. To promote regular defecation, ______ to ______ mL intake and a _____ ______ diet intake is recommended.

1000 2000 high fiber

500 1000 high fiber

2000 3000 high fiber

None of the above

To promote regular defecation, it is recommended to have an intake of 2000 to 3000 mL of fluid and a high fiber diet. Adequate fluid intake helps soften the stool and prevent constipation, while a high fiber diet adds bulk to the stool and promotes regular bowel movements. This combination of fluid intake and high fiber diet can help maintain regularity in bowel movements and prevent issues like constipation.

Explanation

To promote regular defecation, it is recommended to have an intake of 2000 to 3000 mL of fluid and a high fiber diet. Adequate fluid intake helps soften the stool and prevent constipation, while a high fiber diet adds bulk to the stool and promotes regular bowel movements. This combination of fluid intake and high fiber diet can help maintain regularity in bowel movements and prevent issues like constipation.

60. _______ are retained in the bowel for a prolonged period of time

Retention and retention enema are both correct answers because they both refer to substances or treatments that are kept or held in the bowel for an extended duration. Retention can refer to the act of retaining or holding something in place, while a retention enema specifically refers to a liquid medication or solution that is introduced into the rectum and left in the bowel for a prolonged period of time to treat certain conditions. Both terms indicate a prolonged presence or retention of substances in the bowel.

Explanation

Retention and retention enema are both correct answers because they both refer to substances or treatments that are kept or held in the bowel for an extended duration. Retention can refer to the act of retaining or holding something in place, while a retention enema specifically refers to a liquid medication or solution that is introduced into the rectum and left in the bowel for a prolonged period of time to treat certain conditions. Both terms indicate a prolonged presence or retention of substances in the bowel.

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61. A colostomy in the lower-center (slightly to the left) of the abdomen suggests what kind of colostomy?

A colostomy in the lower-center (slightly to the left) of the abdomen suggests a sigmoid colostomy. The sigmoid colon is located in the lower-left part of the abdomen, and a colostomy in this area would involve diverting the sigmoid colon to the abdominal wall. This type of colostomy is commonly done when there is a need to bypass or remove a diseased or blocked section of the sigmoid colon.

Explanation

A colostomy in the lower-center (slightly to the left) of the abdomen suggests a sigmoid colostomy. The sigmoid colon is located in the lower-left part of the abdomen, and a colostomy in this area would involve diverting the sigmoid colon to the abdominal wall. This type of colostomy is commonly done when there is a need to bypass or remove a diseased or blocked section of the sigmoid colon.

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62. Which of the following is not an indirect visualization study

UGI

Small bowel series

Upper gastrointestinal study

Wireless capsule endoscopy

Barium enema

Wireless capsule endoscopy is a direct visualization study, not an indirect one. In this procedure, a small capsule with a camera is swallowed, which then takes images of the digestive tract as it passes through. This allows for direct visualization of the gastrointestinal tract, unlike the other options listed which involve the use of contrast agents or X-rays to indirectly visualize the organs.

Explanation

Wireless capsule endoscopy is a direct visualization study, not an indirect one. In this procedure, a small capsule with a camera is swallowed, which then takes images of the digestive tract as it passes through. This allows for direct visualization of the gastrointestinal tract, unlike the other options listed which involve the use of contrast agents or X-rays to indirectly visualize the organs.

63. Mass peristalsis sweeps occur ___ to ____ times every ____ hours

Mass peristalsis sweeps occur 1 to 4 times every 24 hours. This means that the movement of the mass of fecal matter through the colon, known as mass peristalsis, happens between 1 and 4 times within a 24-hour period.

Explanation

Mass peristalsis sweeps occur 1 to 4 times every 24 hours. This means that the movement of the mass of fecal matter through the colon, known as mass peristalsis, happens between 1 and 4 times within a 24-hour period.

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64. Patients with ________ ________ _______ diseases or local lesions that cause pain, are at high risk for constipation

Peripheral Nervous system

Central nervous system

Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2

Patients with central nervous system diseases or local lesions that cause pain are at high risk for constipation. The central nervous system plays a crucial role in regulating bowel movements and the coordination of the muscles involved in the digestive process. Any disruption or dysfunction in the central nervous system can lead to constipation. Additionally, local lesions in the central nervous system can also affect the proper functioning of the bowel and contribute to constipation. Therefore, both options 1 and 2 are correct.

Explanation

Patients with central nervous system diseases or local lesions that cause pain are at high risk for constipation. The central nervous system plays a crucial role in regulating bowel movements and the coordination of the muscles involved in the digestive process. Any disruption or dysfunction in the central nervous system can lead to constipation. Additionally, local lesions in the central nervous system can also affect the proper functioning of the bowel and contribute to constipation. Therefore, both options 1 and 2 are correct.

65. _________ is the visual examination of the esophagus, the stomach, and the duodenum.

Duodenoscopy

Complete endoscopy

Esophagealscopy

Gastroesophogealscopy

None of the above

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (p. 1564).

Explanation

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (p. 1564).

66. One can recommend______ _____ vegetables to patients with an ostomy to deoderize feces; this is due to ______ in the food.

Dark green vegetables contain chlorophyll, which can help to deodorize feces in patients with an ostomy. Chlorophyll has a natural deodorizing effect and can help to reduce the odor associated with bowel movements. Therefore, recommending dark green vegetables to these patients can be beneficial in managing the odor issue.

Explanation

Dark green vegetables contain chlorophyll, which can help to deodorize feces in patients with an ostomy. Chlorophyll has a natural deodorizing effect and can help to reduce the odor associated with bowel movements. Therefore, recommending dark green vegetables to these patients can be beneficial in managing the odor issue.

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67. Which of the following is not normal in a stoma:

Dark pink colour

Redness

Bleeding

Moist

None of the above

In a stoma, none of the listed options are considered abnormal. A dark pink color is normal as it indicates good blood flow. Redness is also normal and can be caused by irritation or inflammation. Some minor bleeding can occur during cleaning or due to the stoma being touched, but it should not be excessive. Moisture is also expected in a stoma as it helps prevent dryness and discomfort. Therefore, none of the options are abnormal in a stoma.

Explanation

In a stoma, none of the listed options are considered abnormal. A dark pink color is normal as it indicates good blood flow. Redness is also normal and can be caused by irritation or inflammation. Some minor bleeding can occur during cleaning or due to the stoma being touched, but it should not be excessive. Moisture is also expected in a stoma as it helps prevent dryness and discomfort. Therefore, none of the options are abnormal in a stoma.

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69. A _____ _____, or ______ _____, enema is occasionally prescribed to expel flatus

A return flow Harris flush, or return-flow Harris flush, or Harris flush, return-flow, or Harris flush return flow enema is occasionally prescribed to expel flatus.

Explanation

A return flow Harris flush, or return-flow Harris flush, or Harris flush, return-flow, or Harris flush return flow enema is occasionally prescribed to expel flatus.

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71. A Fleet enema is a:

A Fleet enema is classified as a hypertonic enema solution. This means that it has a higher concentration of solutes compared to the body's fluids. The hypertonic solution draws water into the colon, stimulating bowel movements and helping to relieve constipation. Fleet enemas are commonly used for bowel preparation before medical procedures or to alleviate constipation.

Explanation

A Fleet enema is classified as a hypertonic enema solution. This means that it has a higher concentration of solutes compared to the body's fluids. The hypertonic solution draws water into the colon, stimulating bowel movements and helping to relieve constipation. Fleet enemas are commonly used for bowel preparation before medical procedures or to alleviate constipation.

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