Nurs 200 - Exam 2 - Chapter 43: Urinary Elimination
A self-designed quiz based from the assisgned readings in the Fundamentals of Nursing textbook. Some questions may have more than one right answer, in such circumstances select the BEST answer available.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
The kidneys are located on either side of the ______ column, behind the ______, in the _____ abdominal cavity.
Explanation
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- 2.
One of the key functions of the kidneys is to help maintain the _____ and _____ of body fluids.
Explanation
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- 3.
The basic structural and functional unit of the kidney is
Explanation
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- 4.
How many nephrons are in each kidney?
- A.
1,000
- B.
100,000
- C.
1 million
- D.
1 billion
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. 1 millionExplanation
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- 5.
What are the three types of wastes that are characteristics of urine?
Correct Answer
organic, inorganic, liquid, organic wastes, inorganic wastes, liquid wastes, organic wastes inorganic wastes liquid wastes, organic inorganic liquidExplanation
The three types of wastes that are characteristic of urine are organic wastes, inorganic wastes, and liquid wastes. Organic wastes refer to the waste products of metabolism, such as urea and uric acid. Inorganic wastes include electrolytes and other dissolved substances that need to be eliminated from the body. Liquid wastes refer to the water content of urine. Therefore, the correct answer includes all three types of wastes: organic, inorganic, and liquid.Rate this question:
- 6.
According to the textbook, to pee is also known as
- A.
Micturation
- B.
Urination
- C.
Voiding
- D.
All of the above
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
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- 7.
When the bladder fills to about ____ to ____ mL (in an adult) a person feels the diesire to void.
Correct Answer
150 250, 150, 250Explanation
When the bladder fills to about 150 to 250 mL (in an adult), a person feels the desire to void. This means that when the volume of urine in the bladder reaches between 150 and 250 mL, the individual experiences the urge to urinate.Rate this question:
- 8.
With micturation, the pressure within the bladder is _____ to the the pressure with the bladder is filling.
- A.
Less than
- B.
Greater than
- C.
Equal to
Correct Answer
B. Greater thanExplanation
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- 9.
Voiding is largely a(n) voluntary/involuntary reflex?
Correct Answer
involuntaryExplanation
Voiding is largely an involuntary reflect act but its control can be learned (p. 1488)Rate this question:
- 10.
_____ in the bladder are stimulated as the urine collects, eventually causing the desire to void.
Correct Answer
stretch receptorsExplanation
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- 11.
When higher nerve centers develop early in life, the _____ control of micturation develops.
Correct Answer
voluntaryExplanation
When higher nerve centers develop early in life, the voluntary control of micturation develops. This means that as the brain and nervous system develop, an individual gains the ability to consciously control the process of urination. This control allows them to hold in urine when necessary and release it at appropriate times. This development of voluntary control is an important milestone in a child's development and is typically achieved during early childhood.Rate this question:
- 12.
When micturation is initiated the ______ contracts, the _____ relaxes, and urine enters the posterior urethra. The muscles of the perineum and the _______ relax, the ______ contracts slightly, the _____ lowers, and micturation occurs.
- A.
Internal sphincter, detrusor muscle, external sphincter, abdominal muscles, diaphragm
- B.
Detrusor muscle, external sphincter, internal sphincter, abdominal muscles, diaphragm
- C.
Internal sphincter, detrusor muscle, external sphincter, diaphragm, abdominal muscles
- D.
Detrusor muscle, diaphragm, internal sphincter, abdominal muscles, external sphincter
- E.
Detrusor muscle, internal sphincter, external sphincter, abdominal muscles, diaphragm
Correct Answer
E. Detrusor muscle, internal sphincter, external sphincter, abdominal muscles, diaphragmExplanation
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- 13.
Any involuntary loss of urine is known as
Correct Answer
urinary incontinenceExplanation
Urinary incontinence refers to the involuntary loss of urine, which can occur due to various factors such as weak bladder muscles, overactive bladder muscles, nerve damage, or hormonal changes. It is a common condition that can affect people of all ages, but is more prevalent in older adults. Symptoms of urinary incontinence can range from occasional leakage to a complete inability to control urination. Treatment options include lifestyle changes, pelvic floor exercises, medications, and in some cases, surgery.Rate this question:
- 14.
True or False:Most people void during sleeping hours
Correct Answer
falseExplanation
This statement is false. Most people do not void (urinate) during their sleeping hours. The body typically reduces urine production and increases the production of an antidiuretic hormone called vasopressin at night, which helps in reducing the need to urinate during sleep. However, some individuals may have medical conditions or habits that cause them to wake up and void during the night. Overall, it is not a common occurrence for most people.Rate this question:
- 15.
True or False:When collecting a urine sample, the first voided urine of the day is not collected because it is considered not to be fresh urine.
Correct Answer
trueExplanation
The first voided urine of the day is not collected because it is considered not to be fresh urine. This is because overnight, urine can accumulate in the bladder and mix with any remaining urine from the previous day, which may affect the accuracy of certain tests. Therefore, it is recommended to collect a midstream urine sample after discarding the first portion to ensure a more accurate representation of the current urine composition.Rate this question:
- 16.
The first voided urine of the day is usually ____ concentrated than other urine excreted during the day.
- A.
More
- B.
Less
- C.
Equally
Correct Answer
A. MoreExplanation
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- 17.
As one ages is there an increase or decrease in the sensation of thirst?
Correct Answer
decreaseExplanation
As one ages, there is typically a decrease in the sensation of thirst. This is due to various factors such as a decrease in the body's ability to conserve water, a decrease in the number of thirst receptors in the brain, and a decrease in the body's overall water content. Additionally, older adults may not feel thirsty even when they are dehydrated, which can put them at a higher risk for dehydration. Therefore, it is important for older individuals to be mindful of their fluid intake and drink water regularly, even if they do not feel thirsty.Rate this question:
- 18.
Those who urinate frequently/infrequently usually have more/less urinary tract infections and kidney disorders.
Correct Answer
frequently less
frequently, less
infrequently, more
infrequently moreExplanation
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- 19.
What is it called when urine is produced normally but is not excreted completely from the bladder?
Correct Answer
urinary retentionExplanation
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- 20.
____ is the intentional or involuntary urination into bed or clothes that occurs after an urge when contience should be prese t,
Correct Answer
enuresisExplanation
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- 21.
Which of the following does not affect urination in older adults?
- A.
Medications
- B.
Decreased bladder contractility
- C.
Extent of ability in the kidneys
- D.
Motility problems
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
E. None of the aboveExplanation
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- 22.
Caffeine-containing beverages, such as soda, coffee, and tea, have a ____ effect
Correct Answer
diuretic
diureticsExplanation
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- 23.
Some causes of decreased muscles tone does not include which of the following:
- A.
Muscle atrophy
- B.
Exercise
- C.
Trauma
- D.
Foley catheter
- E.
Immobility
Correct Answer
B. ExerciseExplanation
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- 24.
Drugs known to be ______ are capable of causing kidney damage
Correct Answer
nephrotoxicExplanation
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- 25.
Diuretics are commonly used in the treatment of:
- A.
Low blood pressure
- B.
High blood pressure
- C.
Low blood sugar
- D.
High blood sugar
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. High blood pressureExplanation
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- 26.
Blood in the urine, also known as _____, or pink or red coloured urine may be due to taking what drug?
Correct Answer
hematuria, anticoagulants
hematuria anticoagulantsExplanation
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- 27.
What type of medication can lighten the colour of urine to pale yellow?
Correct Answer
diureticsExplanation
Diuretics are medications that increase the production of urine. They work by causing the kidneys to remove excess water and salt from the body. This increased urine production can dilute the concentration of substances in the urine, resulting in a lighter color. Therefore, diuretics can lighten the color of urine to pale yellow.Rate this question:
- 28.
Phenazopyridine (Pyridium), a urinary tract analgesic, often used to treat UTIs, can cause urine to turn what colour?
Correct Answer
orange
orange-redExplanation
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- 29.
Some antidepressants and B-complex vitamins can turn the urine ______
Correct Answer
greenExplanation
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- 30.
An antiparkinson drug and injectable iron compounds can turn urine into which two colours?
Correct Answer
brown and black
black and brown
brown black
black brown
brown, blackExplanation
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- 31.
Anuria is a 24-hour urine output that is less than ____ mL
Correct Answer
50Explanation
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- 32.
Which of the following is synonymous with a 24-hour output of less than 50 mL of urine?
- A.
Renal failure
- B.
Kidney shutdown
- C.
Anuria
- D.
All of the above
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
The correct answer is "All of the above." This means that all of the options listed - renal failure, kidney shutdown, and anuria - are synonymous with a 24-hour output of less than 50 mL of urine. Renal failure refers to the inability of the kidneys to properly filter waste from the blood, resulting in decreased urine output. Kidney shutdown is another way to describe the same condition, where the kidneys cease to function effectively. Anuria specifically refers to the absence of urine production. Therefore, all three terms are interchangeable in this context.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Awakening at night to urinate
Correct Answer
nocturiaExplanation
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- 34.
Pain during urination
Correct Answer
dysuriaExplanation
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- 35.
A 24-hour output of less than _____ mL is called oliguria
Correct Answer
400Explanation
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- 36.
Difficulty during urination is known as____; while scanty or diminshed amount urine is known as _____
- A.
Dysuria; Anuria
- B.
Anuria; Oliguria
- C.
Dysuria; Oliguria
- D.
Oliguria; Pyuria
- E.
Pyuria; Dysuria
Correct Answer
C. Dysuria; OliguriaExplanation
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- 37.
Urine that appears cloudy or urine that has pus in it is called
Correct Answer
pyuriaExplanation
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- 38.
Diuresis is also known as
- A.
Glycosuria
- B.
Pyuria
- C.
Anuria
- D.
Oliguria
- E.
Polyuria
Correct Answer
E. PolyuriaExplanation
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- 39.
The presence of sugar in the urine is known as
Correct Answer
glycosuriaExplanation
Glycosuria refers to the presence of sugar in the urine. This condition occurs when the blood sugar levels are abnormally high, causing the kidneys to excrete excess glucose into the urine. Normally, the kidneys reabsorb all the glucose from the filtrate, but when blood sugar levels are too high, the reabsorption capacity of the kidneys is exceeded, leading to the presence of glucose in the urine. Glycosuria can be a sign of uncontrolled diabetes or other conditions affecting glucose metabolism. Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels and appropriate treatment is necessary to manage glycosuria.Rate this question:
- 40.
Proteinuria is:
- A.
An indication of kidney disease
- B.
Defined by the presence of proteinin urine
- C.
Marked by the presence of sugar in urine
- D.
B and C
- E.
A and B
Correct Answer
E. A and BExplanation
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- 41.
The surgical creation of an alternate route for excretion of urine is called
Correct Answer
urinary diversionExplanation
Urinary diversion refers to the surgical procedure that creates an alternative pathway for the excretion of urine. This procedure is typically performed when the normal route for urine excretion is blocked or damaged, such as in cases of bladder cancer or urinary tract obstruction. Urinary diversion can involve rerouting the urine to a stoma, a surgically created opening on the abdominal wall, or creating a new bladder using a segment of the intestine. This allows the urine to bypass the affected organs and be excreted through a different route.Rate this question:
- 42.
Can the bladder be palpated when empty? Percussed?
Correct Answer
no no
no. no.
no, noExplanation
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- 43.
Normally, the kidneys _____ be palpated, generally requring ______ palpation.
- A.
Can't; electronic
- B.
Can; light
- C.
Can; superficial
- D.
Can; deep
- E.
Can; electronic
Correct Answer
D. Can; deepExplanation
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- 44.
The device used to create an image of the patient's bladder and calculate urine volume present in the bladder is called a _____ scanner.
Correct Answer
bedsideExplanation
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- 45.
When assessing a patient's urine, check all of the following, but do not note:
- A.
Colour of urine
- B.
Odour of urine
- C.
Sugar in urine
- D.
Clarity of urine
- E.
Sediment in urine
Correct Answer
C. Sugar in urineExplanation
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- 46.
Obtaining a specimen for routine uralysis requires ____ technique
- A.
Medical aseptic technique
- B.
Sterile technique
- C.
Surgical technique
Correct Answer
A. Medical aseptic techniqueExplanation
A routine uralysis does not require a sterile urine specimen (p. 1492)Rate this question:
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- 47.
A clean-catch specimen of urine is collected during _____
Correct Answer
midstreamExplanation
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- 48.
The technique that requires a sampe obtained by catheterizing the patient's bladder or by use of an foley catheter is a:
- A.
Sterile specimen
- B.
Routine uralysis specimen
- C.
Clean-catch specimen
- D.
Midstream specimen
- E.
Catheter specimen
Correct Answer
A. Sterile specimenExplanation
A sterile specimen is obtained by catheterizing the patient's bladder or using a foley catheter. This technique ensures that the sample is free from contamination and is suitable for diagnostic purposes where a high level of accuracy is required. It is commonly used in situations where the patient cannot provide a clean-catch specimen or when there is a need to directly access the bladder.Rate this question:
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- 49.
A nurse can test urine for the presence of glucose, blood, protein, bilirubin, and bacteria.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
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- 50.
_____ is a measure of the density of urine compared with the density of water.
Correct Answer
specific gravityExplanation
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