1.
The kidneys are located on either side of the ______ column, behind the ______, in the _____ abdominal cavity.
2.
One of the key functions of the kidneys is to help maintain the _____ and _____ of body fluids.
3.
The basic structural and functional unit of the kidney is
4.
How many nephrons are in each kidney?
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
E. 
5.
What are the three types of wastes that are characteristics of urine?
6.
According to the textbook, to pee is also known as
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
E. 
7.
When the bladder fills to about ____ to ____ mL (in an adult) a person feels the diesire to void.
8.
With micturation, the pressure within the bladder is _____ to the the pressure with the bladder is filling.
9.
Voiding is largely a(n) voluntary/involuntary reflex?
10.
_____ in the bladder are stimulated as the urine collects, eventually causing the desire to void.
11.
When higher nerve centers develop early in life, the _____ control of micturation develops.
12.
When micturation is initiated the ______ contracts, the _____ relaxes, and urine enters the posterior urethra. The muscles of the perineum and the _______ relax, the ______ contracts slightly, the _____ lowers, and micturation occurs.
A. 
Internal sphincter, detrusor muscle, external sphincter, abdominal muscles, diaphragm
B. 
Detrusor muscle, external sphincter, internal sphincter, abdominal muscles, diaphragm
C. 
Internal sphincter, detrusor muscle, external sphincter, diaphragm, abdominal muscles
D. 
Detrusor muscle, diaphragm, internal sphincter, abdominal muscles, external sphincter
E. 
Detrusor muscle, internal sphincter, external sphincter, abdominal muscles, diaphragm
13.
Any involuntary loss of urine is known as
14.
True or False:Most people void during sleeping hours
15.
True or False:When collecting a urine sample, the first voided urine of the day is not collected because it is considered not to be fresh urine.
16.
The first voided urine of the day is usually ____ concentrated than other urine excreted during the day.
17.
As one ages is there an increase or decrease in the sensation of thirst?
18.
Those who urinate frequently/infrequently usually have more/less urinary tract infections and kidney disorders.
19.
What is it called when urine is produced normally but is not excreted completely from the bladder?
20.
____ is the intentional or involuntary urination into bed or clothes that occurs after an urge when contience should be prese t,
21.
Which of the following does not affect urination in older adults?
A. 
B. 
Decreased bladder contractility
C. 
Extent of ability in the kidneys
D. 
E. 
22.
Caffeine-containing beverages, such as soda, coffee, and tea, have a ____ effect
23.
Some causes of decreased muscles tone does not include which of the following:
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
E. 
24.
Drugs known to be ______ are capable of causing kidney damage
25.
Diuretics are commonly used in the treatment of:
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
E.