Microbiology - Block 2
- 1.Which of these is not a end-result (product) of oxygen-dependent myeloperoxidase-independent reactions?
- A.
Singlet Oxygen
- B.
Hydrogen Peroxide
- C.
Chlorous Acid
- D.
Hydroxyl Radical
- E.
Superoxide Anion
- 2.Which of these is an end-result (product) of oxygen-dependent myeloperoxidase-dependent reactions?
- A.
Hydroxyl Radical
- B.
Hydrochloric Acid
- C.
Hydrogen Peroxide
- D.
Hypochlorous Acid
- E.
Superoxide Dismutase
- 3.What is one product that oyxgen-dependent myeloperoxidase-dependent and myeloperoxidase-independent reactions share?
- A.
Superoxide Anion
- B.
Water
- C.
Hydrogen Peroxide
- D.
Hypochlorous Acid
- E.
Ozone
- 4.Detoxification can break down superoxide anions produced by respiratory burst mechanisms. Which of these is a product of this reaction?
- A.
Ozone
- B.
Hydrogen Peroxide
- C.
Hypochlorous Acid
- D.
Singlet Oxygen
- E.
NADPH
- 5.Myeloperoxidase pathways can occur without oxygen.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 6.Which of these are intracellular killing pathways?
- A.
Nitric Oxide Dependent Killing
- B.
Oxygen Dependent Myeloperoxidase-Independent Killing
- C.
Oxygen Independent Killing
- D.
Oxygen Dependent Myeloperoxidase-Dependent Killing
- E.
All of the above
- F.
B, C, and D
- 7.The principal difference between cytotoxic (type II) and immune complex (type III) hypersensitivity is
- A.
The class (isotype) of antibody.
- B.
The site where antigen-antibody complexes are formed.
- C.
The participation of complement.
- D.
The participation of T cells.
- 8.After binding to its specific antigen, a B lymphocyte may switch its
- A.
Immunoglobulin light-chain isotype.
- B.
Immunoglobulin heavy-chain class.
- C.
Variable region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain.
- D.
Constant region of the immunoglobulin light chain.
- 9.C3a and C5a can cause
- A.
Bacterial lysis.
- B.
Vascular permeability.
- C.
Phagocytosis of IgE-coated bacteria.
- D.
Aggregation of C4 and C2.
- 10.Complement fixation refers to
- A.
the ingestion of C3b-coated bacteria by macrophages
- B.
The destruction of complement in serum by heating at 56°C for 30 minutes.
- C.
The binding of complement components by antigen-antibody complexes.
- D.
the interaction of C3b with mast cells
- 11.Natural killer cells are
- A.
B cells that can kill without complement
- B.
Cytotoxic T cells
- C.
Increased by immunization
- D.
Able to kill virus-infected cells without prior sensitization.
- 12.A positive tuberculin skin test (a delayed hypersensitivity reaction) indicates that
- A.
A humoral immune response has occurred.
- B.
A cell-mediated immune response has occurred
- C.
Both the T and B cell systems are functional
- D.
Only the B cell system is functional
- 13.Antigen-presenting cells that activate helper T cells must express which one of the following on their surfaces?
- A.
IgE
- B.
Gamma Interferon
- C.
Class I MHC antigens
- D.
Class II MHC antigens
- 14.Complement lyses cells by
- A.
Enzymatic digestion of the cell membrane
- B.
Activation of adenylate cyclase
- C.
Insertion of complement proteins into the cell membrane
- D.
Inhibition of elongation factor 2
- 15.Which one of the following properties of antibodies is NOT dependent on the structure of the heavy-chain constant region?
- A.
Ability to cross the placenta
- B.
Isotype (class)
- C.
Ability to fix complement
- D.
Affinity for antigen
- 16.Your patient became ill 10 days ago with a viral disease. Laboratory examination reveals that the patient's antibodies against this virus have a high ratio of IgM to IgG. What is your conclusion?
- A.
It is unlikely that the patient has encountered this organism previously
- B.
The patient is predisposed to IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions
- C.
The information given is irrelevant to previous antigen exposure
- D.
It is likely that the patient has an autoimmune disease
- 17.The role of the macrophage during an antibody response is to
- A.
Make antibody
- B.
Lyse virus infected target cells
- C.
Activate Cytotoxic T cells
- D.
Process antigen and present it
- 18.The main advantage of passive immunization over active immunization is that
- A.
It can be administered orally
- B.
It provides antibody more rapidly
- C.
Antibody persists for a longer period
- D.
It contains primarily IgM
- 19.Each of the following statements concerning class I MHC proteins is correct EXCEPT:
- A.
They are cell surface proteins on virtually all cells
- B.
They are recognition elements for cytotoxic T cells
- C.
They are codominantly expressed
- D.
They can utilize recombination to generate diversity
- 20.Each of the following statements concerning class II MHC proteins is correct EXCEPT:
- A.
They are made of a long alpha chain and short beta chain
- B.
They have a high degree of polymorphism
- C.
They are involved in antigen presentation by macrophages
- D.
They have a binding site for CD4 proteins
- 21.Oxygen-independent killing utilizes all of the following EXCEPT..
- A.
Respiratory Burst mechanism
- B.
Lysozyme
- C.
Lactoferrin
- D.
Proteases
- 22.Name the intercellular chemical signal that is released by cells and has a local effect on the same cell type as that from which the chemical signal is released.
- A.
Paracrine Chemical Signal
- B.
Hormone
- C.
Autocrine Chemical Signal
- D.
Hormone
- E.
Neurotransmitter
- 23.__________ are released by cells and affect other cell types locally without being transported in blood.
- A.
Autocrine Chemical Signals
- B.
Paracrine Chemical Signals
- C.
Hormones
- D.
Neurotransmitters
- 24.Which of these is not related to immunogenicity?
- A.
Age of patient
- B.
Protein Structure
- C.
Size of molecule
- D.
Route of administration
- E.
All of the above are related to immunogenicity
- 25.Which of these is an example of a T-dependent antigen?
- A.
Protein
- B.
Water
- C.
Polysaccharide
- D.
Cholesterol
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